Chalcones as Promising Antiproliferative Drug-A Review

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume VII, Issue II, February 2020 | ISSN 2321–2705

Chalcones as Promising Antiproliferative Drug-A Review

Deepika.P^1*, D.Uma Maheswari², Shiji Kumar P.S^1
1Jamia Salafiya Pharmacy College, Pulikkal, Malappuram, Kerala, India
²Vinayaka Mission College of Pharmacy, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract: – Cancer- a life threatening disease requires more molecular scaffolds for therapy. Chalcone and its different derivatives has found profound use as antiproliferative agents in various types of cancers. This review focus on novel derivatives of chalcones which has found to be active as cytotoxic agents.

Key words: Cancer, chalcones, cytotoxicity, cell lines, Claisen condensation

I. INTRODUCTION

Cancer is the second most cause of death in US exceeded only by heart disease. As per American cancer society about 606880 Americans are expected to die of cancer in 2019 which translates to about 1660 deaths per day. In India the estimated number of people living with the disease is 2.25 million. The situation is worse in under developed countries due to lack of development and unavailability of drugs. Cancer is one of the health threat which require the development of newer and potent molecules for therapy. This scenario led to the design of cost-effective molecules by the medical chemist.
Chalcones are flavonoids of plant origin which is a precursor for flavonoid biosynthesis. About 2 dozen chalcones are known to occur in plants. It is a yellow pigment with open chain system for middle three fragments. Chemically it consist of two aromatic rings separated by α β unsaturated carbonyl group. The substitution pattern and type of substituent in chalcone give rise to wide structural diversity, for example hydroxylated, methylated, methoxylated prenylated and glycosylated chalcone and are attributed to enzyme catalysed modification dependent on endogenous and exogenous factors which regulate the enzymatic system of the plants. Synthetically it is prepared by Claisen Schmidt reaction by the condensation between benzaldehyde and acetophenone in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Chalcone possess a wide variety of pharmacological activities which include anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal, antitubercular and antifungal. As anticancer agent it was found to be active against human colon cancer cell lines, MFC cell lines, human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and human breast cancer cell lines, so the present literature focus on the molecular hybridisation of chalcones with other pharmacological scaffolds as potent antiproliferative agents.

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