A Comprehensive Review over Green Synthesis of Graphene

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume V, Issue VII, July 2018 | ISSN 2321–2705

A Comprehensive Review over Green Synthesis of Graphene

Saheli Kar¹, Soumyadip Saha¹, Sriya Dutta¹, Dipak Rana⁴, Sourav Sadhukhan^3* and Tapas Kumar Ghosh^{1, 2, 3*}

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Calcutta Institute of Technology, Uluberia, Howrah 711316, India
² Department of Chemistry, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
³Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
⁴ Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Industrial Membrane Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
^* Corresponding authors

Abstract: Energy security has become a serious global issue and a lot of research is being carried out to look for economically viable environment friendly alternatives. Recent years Graphene has acquired immense recognition among various researchers. Synthesis of graphene through green route has now become a paramount area. The prospects of producing Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) from different types of green material appear bright because of its sustainability, low cost and environment friendly in nature. Conventional chemical reducing agents are highly toxic, hazardous and harmful to both environment and human life. The object of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on various methods of Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) from green synthesis to date, as well as to discuss their advantages, disadvantages and beneficially characterization. In this article we covered all areas of the green methods which employed in natural reduction of Graphene Oxide (GO) including use of plant extracts, microorganisms, endogenous agents, metal-mediated procedure, bacterial respiration procedure, bio-antioxidant (Melatonin), baker’s yeast, non-harmful acids (hydriodic acids, trifluroacetic acid), glucose and glucosamine apart from some of the latest green technologies. The synthesized Graphene Oxide (GO) and green Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) samples were characterized using several methods. The formation of Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) was evident from Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis which implied a clear indication of the removal of oxygen containing groups from the Graphene Oxide (GO). Additionally the thermal stability of the Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) nanomaterial was scrutinized using thermo gravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was also utilized for zeta potential measurements to monitor the stability and size of the obtained Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) sheets. Other spectroscopic techniques are SEM (Scanned Electron Microscopy), TEM(Transmission Electron Microscopy) etc. Further research is required in this area for successful implementation of this technology at production scale.

Keywords: RGO, GO, Plant extracts, microorganisms, endogenous agents, bacterial respiration, Graphene, green technology.

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