Effects of Annona Muricata Linn. Water Leaf Extract in Melamine-Induced Renal Impairments in Male Rats.
- November 2, 2020
- Posted by: RSIS Team
- Categories: Agriculture, IJRIAS
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | Volume V, Issue X, October 2020 | ISSN 2454–6186
Adekunle A. Ajayi1, Irene I. Ijeh2, Kerian C. Ngobidi3 and Ibukun C. Vining-Ogu4
1,2Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences ,Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. Abia State, Nigeria
3,4Biochemistry Unit, Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Corresponding author*
Abstract: The ameliorative effects of Annona muricata water leaf extract on renal impairments caused by induction of melamine were studied in male albino rats. Forty (40) albino rats were randomly distributed into various groups I to V (n=8). Group I (vehicle control) got 7ml/kg b.w of 10% tween 80, Groups II to V got 1000mg/kg body weight of melamine for 10 days. Group III was then given standard reference drug (100mg/kg b.w) allopurinol. While doses of 300 and 500mg/kg b.w of water leaf extracts were administered to Groups IV and V. Phytochemical analysis of water extracts yielded alkaloids (70mg/g), flavonoids (40mg/g), tannins (1.35mg/g), oxalates (0.66mg/g), Saponins (7.90mg/g), Cyanogenic glycosides (1.73mg/g), and phytates (1.34mg/g). Oral acute toxicity test gave zero mortality up to 5000mg/kg b.w for water extracts. Treatment with water extracts at 300mg/kg b.w resulted in significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum creatinine and urea while 500mg/kg b.w only resulted in significant (P<0.05) decrease in creatinine when compared to melamine-induced renal impaired rats that were not treated. The findings imply that renal impairment caused by melamine could be ameliorated at low dose of leaf extract of Annona muricata. Hence the leaf could be effective in the management of renal impairment.
Keywords: melamine, toxicity, phytochemicals, Annona, renal.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nephrotoxic substances induce inflammation in glomerulus, proximal tubules, surrounding cellular matrix, and then fiberize the kidney tissue and one of such substances is melamine. Melamine is a white solid organic and highly nitrogenous compound when added to food it falsify or increase the protein content because melamine has about 66.6% nitrogen [1] and even standard tests such as kjeldahl method of protein analysis will indicate the products as a nitrogen rich compound [2]. This makes adulteration to become tempting and easy, knowing that no immediate laboratory technique is readily available to identify melamine contaminated foods which could endanger individuals.
