Histological Study of Effect of Ethanol Stem Extracts of Homalium Letestui on Thioacetamide – Induced Injury in Albino Rat, Using Various Staining Techniques

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume VI, Issue VII, July 2019 | ISSN 2321–2705

Histological Study of Effect of Ethanol Stem Extracts of Homalium Letestui on Thioacetamide – Induced Injury in Albino Rat, Using Various Staining Techniques

Joseph Oyepata Simeon^1*, Builders Modupe², Wazis Chama Haruna³, Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu⁴, Musa Tabitha Lubo⁵, Joseph Opeyemi Tosin⁶

^1,2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bingham University, Nasarawa, Nigeria.
³Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Bornu Nigeria.
⁴Department of Pharmacology and Thaerapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria.
⁵Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria.
⁶Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
^*Corresponding Author

Abstract: – Introduction/Aim: Knowledge of the normal histology of the multitude of tissue types within the body is necessary for the recognition and understanding of disease. Proper staining and evaluation of tissue damage is essential in research. Homalium letestui is an evergreen tree. The plant has been of immense benefit to traditional users. A bark-decoction, combined with other medicinal plants, is taken by draught for orchitis, and bark-scrapings enter a prescription given to a newly-delivered woman. In this study the histological effect of the ethanol stem extract of Homalium lestetui on rat thioacetamide induced liver injury was carried out using H&E and Gordon and Sweet silver impregnation Technique.

Method: Thirty six (36) rats where used for this work. Group one served as the positive control receiving normal saline, group two served as thioacetamide group, group 3 received silymarin 100 mg/mg, while group 4, 5 and 6 received 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg of the extract respectively. On the 8^th day the animals in group 2-6 were administered 200mg/kg bw of thioacetamide dissolved in saline orally. Twenty hours later all animals were weighed again and sacrificed under light diethylether vapour. General staining procedure Hematoxylin and Eosin and the specific staining technique, Gordon and Sweet silver impregnation Technique were carried out on the liver. Haematological and chempathological investigation were also done.

Result: In H&E stain, there was disorganization of the texture of hepatic cells with centrilobular necrosis, hyperplasia, vascular and cellular degeneration, polymorphonuclear aggregation, inflammation and fatty degeneration in the thioacetamide -treated rats. The liver sections of the rats treated with extract showed signs of protection as was evident by slight areas of vacuolation, cellular proliferation. Gordon and sweet impregnation technique showed portal trial degeneration while pretreated group revealed slight reticular fiber degeneration with much roughed fiber observed in the rats that received 750 mg/kg dose of the extract. This result with other parameters carried out.

Conclusion: result indicates that the plant may prevent or protect the liver architecture

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