International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) | Volume V, Issue II, February 2021 | ISSN 2454–6186

The Political Model of the Prophet Muhammad and His Rightly Guided Caliphs: An Overview

Bashir Malam, PhD
Department of Political Science Gombe State University

Abstract: Never before was exemplary leadership demonstrated as was the period of the prophet Muhammad. In him was seen a social leader, a noble character with an outstanding sense of morality and extraordinary self-sacrifice. He was an exemplary spiritual and state leader who was adjudged the best role model in ethical leadership. The Medinan State was described as the best, just, and civilized society. The legacies of the Medinan state, would ever remain a role model for generations yet unborn. These paper using mainly secondary sources of data, and content analysis in its assessment. Examines the Islamic model of the prophet Muhammad (SAW), which was widely known as the “Medinan State” his life and leadership was exemplary worthy of emulation, likewise the event that took place during and after his departure are full of lessons that has become a reference point that guides our lives today and will continue to do so till the end.

Key Words: Caliphate, Model, Medieval, Spiritual, Ummah

I. INTRODUCTION

The Arab world before the coming of Islam is known as ‘Ayyam-aljahiliyyah’ which means “the days of ignorance’ it was a time that is devoid of order, characterized by total disintegration and anarchy in religious, social and political life. Arab world at that Period had no dispensation no inspirited prophet and no reveal book; the Arabs were divided into numerous tribal principles. Because of the absence of any political union and organised government in the region there had been perpetual conflict and warfare among the Arabs. Tribal feuds, raiding and plundering of one tribe by the other were the common phenomenon of the Arab life at that time. It is a record of blood feud, raids, and irregular warfare among them. Banu Bakr and Banu Taqhid tribes fought for forty years on a small matter arising from a beating of she-Camel. The Quraish and Hawazin fought the battle of Harb al Fizr for many years. The Aws and Khazraj tribes of Medina carried on warfare for some generations. They exist under a law that “Might is right”. The pure monotheism once preached to them by the prophets Ibrahim and Ismail had long been forgotten, or covered by centuries of idol-worship and superstition while the Arab recognised that there was a supreme God, they at the same time offered their prayers and devotion to many other objects, such as their Idols, the heavenly bodies, and various sacred stones. They also believed in omens, potent, consulted soothsayers and Oracles and drew lots as means of divining the future. Greatest anarchy prevailed in the social life of the Arabs. There was no idea morally or discipline in the society, corruption, vices, superstition, unrestrained freedom and unrestricted enjoyment ruled supreme in the Arab society.