International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | Volume V, Issue III, March 2020 | ISSN 2454–6186

 Toxicological Assessment of Synergistic Efficacy of Alstonia boonie & Capsicum frutescens Extract on Plasmodium berghei (NK 65) / Salmonella typhi (ATCC 35723) Infected Swiss Albino Mice

Oludare Temitope Osuntokun & Pius John Ajiga
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

Abstract:-Malaria and typhoid is one of the most killing diseases in the world particularly in tropical countries and is worst in Africa. The study was conducted to determine the anti-malaria/ anti-typhoid potentials of graded doses coupled with the toxicological and histo-pathological effect of synergistic aqueous and ethanolic extract of Alstonia boonie Stem bark (Epo ahun) and fruit of Fruit of Capsicum frutescens in Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 and Salmonella typhi(ATCC 35723). The stem bark Alstonia boonie Stem bark and fruit of Capsicum frutescens were screened for the presence of some qualitative screening of Secondary metabolite (phytochemicals). Twenty five (25) Swiss Albino mice were divided into 5 groups (Group 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D and 5E) of 5 mice each. The animal were inoculated with the parasite (Plasmodium berghei (Nk 65) and Salmonella typhi(ATCC 35723). At the beginning of the experiment (day 10). Three hours after inoculation (infestation 0 groups 1-3 ), the Swiss albino mice were respectively given 100, 200 and 400 mg combined extract/kg body weight dose intraperitoneally. Group 4D test animals which serve as control were given 5 mg Chloroquine/ Ciprofloxacin kg body weight while the group 5 animals (negative control) were given 0.2ml distilled water. The treatment was given once per day for four days. On the 5th day, the test animal caudal and vein samples were taken and transferred into a slide making thin film from each Swiss albino mouse. The percentage chemo-suppressive activity on early malaria and typhoid infection in Swiss albino mice of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight dose were found to be 81, 85, 75 respectively for ethanolic extract and 57, 78 and 80% respectively. For Aqueous extract, this is substantial when compared to 97% chemo-suppresive effect produced by Swiss albino mice 5 mg/kg body weight of Chloroquine/Ciprofloxacin. The Secondary metabolite (phytochemical) screening of the combined extract reveals the presence of Saponins, Flavonoids, Terpenes, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Terpenoids while anthroquinones and acid compounds were found absent. The acute toxicity (LD50) of the combined extract was estimated to be 3162 mg kg-1 body weight The above result showed that the combined extract of Stem bark of Alstonia boonie and fruit of capsicum frutescens possesses antiplasmodal and anti-typhoid potentials. The toxicological and histopathological study of the synergistic extract of Alstonia boonei and fruit of Capsicum frutescens were studied with observable features in the liver enzymes and kidney function on slide after staining. The results from this findings shows an increase in the serum Alanine amino-transaminase(ALT), Aspartate amino-transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase

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