Vaccine Development For Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) Disease (Covid-19); Lipid Nanoparticles

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume VIII, Issue III, March 2021 | ISSN 2321–2705

Vaccine Development For Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) Disease (Covid-19); Lipid Nanoparticles

Ravindra B. Malabadi¹, Kiran P. Kolkar², Neelambika T. Meti³, Raju K. Chalannavar^4
1,⁴Department Of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
²Department Of Botany, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, Karnataka State, India
³Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Institute Of IT And Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Pune – 411046, Maharashtra State, India

Abstract
This review aims to highlight the rationale for the development of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus, a major threat to human population and declared as global pandemic viral disease (COVID-19). The detection of double mutation (the mutation sites E484Q and L452R) in a new variant, called B.1.617 in India is very dangerous coronavirus strain is the major concern. India’s double mutant strain (B.1.617) could be considered as a variant of concern responsible for the second wave. There are many efforts to develop antiviral drugs or natural remedies or development of vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. Plants were also used as the best expression platforms for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen production. There are many antiviral drugs have been tested against SARS-CoV-2. Nanotechnology has a potentiality in COVID-19 treatment and vaccine development. Nanotechnology based vaccines are safe, easy to design, synthesize, or scale up in larger volume compared to the traditional vaccine approaches. The production of non-replicating mRNA-lipid nanoparticle based vaccines is one of the major breakthrough and promising in the recent development of the production of vaccines. Lipid nanoparticles are biocompatible due to their lipid properties and not harmful to the human body; hence, they can be selectively applied in the fields such as biomedical science particularly in the development of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords: Antigen, coronavirus, drugs, mRNA, nanomedicine, lipids, nanoparticles, vaccine

Introduction

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for an ongoing human pandemic (COVID-19) (Wu et al., 2020a, 2020b; Mullard, 2020; McKay et al., 2020; Malabadi et al., 2021a, 2021b; Lombo et al., 2021). During late December of 2019, many people of hospital admitted patients were diagnosed with severe pneumonia of unknown etiology (Wu et al., 2020a, 2020b; Shawky et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020a, 2020b). This hospital admitted group was epidemiologically linked to a local seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China (Shawky et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2020a, 2020b; Shawky et al., 2020). These patients were found to be infected with the novel coronavirus strain,

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