International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | Volume VII, Issue IX, September 2022 | ISSN 2454–6194
A Comprehensive Review: Nanomembranes and Nanosorbents for Water Treatment
Dr. Mishu Singh, Dr. Akhilesh Kumar
Department of Chemistry, Pt. D. D. U. Govt. Girls P. G. College, Lucknow, India
Abstract: Water despite being an indispensable part of human life is facing a major problem of being contaminated worldwide. There are several contaminants present in sewage and industrial effluents being discharged into water bodies making them unfit for drinking. This review explains the various claims of nanomaterial in removing contaminants from polluted water. Due to the unique properties of being nano-scale sized, high reactivity, and nanomaterial have been the major subject of research and development for the last decade. Studies have shown that nanomaterials are highly effective and successfully applied in removing contaminants from wastewater. Due to their exceptional properties of having a larger surface area, and being able to act at very low concentrations, nanomaterials have enormous possibilities to treat wastewater containing metallic & non-metallic substances, different organic and inorganic impurities, etc. Still, there are many challenges and issues with wastewater treatment. This paper discusses the various nanomaterials and the treatment methods using nanomaterials which are flexible, cost-effective, and efficient for the commercialization also.
Keywords: nano-sorbents; nano-catalysts; nano-membranes; industrial effluent; wastewater treatment.
I. INTRODUCTION
Water, the most essential component for life on the planet is facing an adverse situation of being contaminated due to various reasons like inadequate disposal of sewage water, industrial effluent, radioactive waste, and many more [1], [2]. This contamination has an antagonistic influence on the environment which is not only putting the lives of all living creatures in danger but also shows an adverse effect on the economic growth of concerned countries. In a recent report, the UN warned about the survival of living organisms/ creatures and identified the unavailability and scarcity of pure and potable water [3], [ 4]. To overcome the alarming issue of contamination of drinking water scientists and researchers have made efforts in developing new technologies which are cost-effective and have more potential than the traditional methods of purification of wastewater [5], [6]. Nanotechnology is one such field that is cost-effective and has the potential to purify water efficiently and make it reusable [7].