Enhancement in Integrated Design of Adaptive Cruise Control System and Role of PID

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume V, Issue VI, June 2018 | ISSN 2321–2705

Enhancement in Integrated Design of Adaptive Cruise Control System and Role of PID

Abhijit Pandhare¹, Akash Mahalle², Suraj Nawale³, Prof. R.N. Awale⁴

^{1, 2, 3}PG Scholar, ⁴Associate Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering, VJTI, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Abstract – A system that supports a driver in traffic situations and reduces the total driver workload is a growing research topic. Several of these support systems aim toward full or partial automatic driver assistance, such as those for longitudinal control that are often called Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems. Adaptive cruise control distinguishes itself from cruise control in its use of sensors that measure the headway distance and a controller which adjusts the velocity and distance to the vehicle in front. Adaptive cruise control requires appropriate sensor technology, actuators and control devices and its system design requires data acquisition, control system design and validation procedures. The motivation for these systems is that they aim at increasing the driving comfort, reducing traffic accidents and increasing the traffic flow throughput. The ACC systems autonomously adjust the vehicle’s speed according to current driving conditions. In order to accomplish driver comfort the system must resemble driver behaviour in traffic. Simulation results prove the utility of the system.

Keywords – Adaptive cruise control; PID controller; Time-gap control; Distance control; ACC modes

I. INTRODUCTION

The cruise control is a system that automatically controls the speed of a road vehicle. The principle was first used in the Chrysler 1958 Imperial, based on the 1948 invention of a mechanical engineer Ralph Teetor. This system calculated ground speed based on driveshaft rotations, and used a bi-directional screw-drive electric motor to vary throttle position [1]. ACC system has a duty to maintain a constant, predetermined velocity, but also to monitor the velocity of the vehicle located in front of the ACC vehicle. Also, ACC represents the evolution of the conventional cruise control, because it detects the vehicle in front of the ACC vehicle, and based on gained information controls the distance between both vehicles. In this way, the ACC system facilitates the process of driving for drivers and reduces the stress caused by driving in heavy traffic. Based on data of the velocity and the distance of vehicles located in front of the ACC vehicle, the system regulates the braking force of the ACC vehicle and its engine torque, and determines the velocity of the ACC vehicle, which is necessary to maintain safe distance in the traffic[2]. The control logic of the cruise controller can be designed by employing different types of controllers, such as a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller or even with feed forward system only [3].

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