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Evaluation of the Antifungal Activities of Local Herbs on Dermatophyte species isolated from Rice Farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

P. A. Nnagbo and I. V. Anyiam March 2021 Page No.: 01-04

The objective of the study was to evaluate the antifungal activities of locally used herbs on dermatophyte species isolated from rice farmers in Ebonyi State. Extracts of five medicinal plants; Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Emilia sonchifolia, Senna alata and Senna occidentalis used by the farmers to treat dermatophyte infection were used in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the plant extracts were evaluated using broth microdilution method and spread plate methods respectively. Terbinafine (125 mg) oral granules were used in the study as quality control antifungal agent. The range of MIC for n-hexane, chloroform, petroleum ether and hot water extracts of the medicinal plants against the fungal isolates tested was 2 – 15 µg/ml, 8 – 32 µg/ml, 4 – 18 µg/ml and 10 – 32 µg/ml respectively. The dermatophyte species were susceptible to n-hexane, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts used in the study but less susceptible to hot water extract. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values ranged from 4 – 32 µg/ml. The most significant MFC (4 µg/ml) was observed in n-hexane extracts of C. citratus and S. alata. The comparative results of antifungal susceptibility patterns of the various isolates to examined plant extracts indicated that the sensitivity to terbinafine (2 µg/ml) by dermatophyte species was higher than the plant extracts (4 µg/ml) with significant difference (P<0.05). These plant materials should be harnessed as they hold promising potential source of new drugs for the management and treatment of dermatophytosis.

  •  Page(s): 01-04
  •  Date of Publication: 06 April 2021
  •  P. A. Nnagbo
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Imo State University Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
  •  I. V. Anyiam
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

References

 

[1]. Ajose, O. A. (2007). Some Nigerian plants of dermatologic importance. International Journal of Dermatology 46: 48-55.
[2]. Alim, A., Goze, I., Goze, H. M. and Tepe, B. (2009). In vitro antimicrobial and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia cedronella Boiss. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 3(5): 413-419.
[3]. Ayodele, S. M., Ilondu, E. M. and Onwubolu, N. C. (2009). Antifungal properties of some locally used spices in Nigeria against some rot fungi. African Journal of Plant Science 3(6): 139-141.
[4]. Cheesbrough, M. (2010). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. 5th ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
[5]. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2008). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi: Approved standard, 2nd ed. CLSI document M38-A2. USA.
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[7]. Fernandez-Torres, B., Vázquez-Veiga, H., Llovo, X., Pereiro, M. Jr. and Guarro, J. (2000). In vitro susceptibility to itraconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole and terbinafine of 100 isolates of Trichophyton rubrum. Chemotherapy 46: 390-394.
[8]. Igbinosa, O. O., Igbinosa, E. O. and Aiyegoro, O. A. (2009). Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of stem bark extracts from Jatropha curcas (Linn). African Journal of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology 3(2): 058-062.
[9]. Onwuliri, F. C. and Wonang, D. L. (2005). Studies on the combined antibacterial action of Ginger (Zingiber officinale L) and Garlic (Allium sativum L) on some bacteria. Nigerian Journal of Botany 18: 224-228.
[10]. Porter, A. H. (2006). “Neem: India’s tree of life”. BBC News.
[11]. Santos, D. A. and Hamdan, J. S. (2005). Evaluation of broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing conditions for Trichophyton rubrum. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43:1917-1920.
[12]. Tanaka, Y. and Van Ke, N. (2007). Edible Wild Plants of Vietnam: The Bountiful Garden. Thailand: Orchid Press, p. 43.

P. A. Nnagbo and I. V. Anyiam “Evaluation of the Antifungal Activities of Local Herbs on Dermatophyte species isolated from Rice Farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.01-04 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/01-04.pdf

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Antimicrobial Activity of Seed and Leaf Extracts of Mucuna Pruriens on Some Common Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens

Anyiam, I. V, Ejiofor, J. March 2021 Page No.: 05-13

Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) is widely known as velvet bean. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of seed and leaf of the plant were extracted using methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and aqueous as solvents and tested against six clinical pathogens; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The susceptibility test and MIC were determined using agar well dilution method. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the plant parts indicated a high content of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and carbohydrates in the seed while it indicated high content of terpenoids, glycosides and protein in the leaf. Quantitative phytochemical constituents revealed 0.702± 0.005mg and 0.964± 0.052 mg of total Phenols compound and total flavonoid content of 34.95± 4.18 and 43.52± 1.10mg of the leafs and seeds respectively. All plant extracts showed significant activity (p< 0.05) against all the test organisms except Candida albicans. The results revealed the extracts of the plant with methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform solvents showed more antimicrobial activities against test organisms with zone of inhibition ranging from 28mm-8mm compared to the aqueous extract at varied concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay showed that acetone had the lowest MIC values ≤ 31mg/ml for the test organisms followed by methanol, aqueous, chloroform and ethanol while the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration assay showed that only the methanol seed extract of the plant at a concentration of 500mg/ml was able to exhibit bacterial activity against Escherichia coli while all other concentrations of the plant extract did not exert a bactericidal effect against the test organisms. The phytochemicals seen in Mucuna pruriens revealed it possess antimicrobial properties. Thus, the plant is a potential potent antimicrobial agent which should be greatly encouraged and used in treatment of infections caused by the organisms that showed activity to its extracts

  •  Page(s): 05-13
  •  Date of Publication: 06 April 2021
  •  Anyiam, I. V
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
  •  Ejiofor, J.
    Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Akinyemi, K. O., Oladapo, O. & Fasure, K. A. (2005). Screening of crude extracts of six medicinal plants used in west Nigerian unorthodox medicine for anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 5(1), 6.
[2] Alaje DO, Owolabi KT, Olakunle TP, Oluoti OJ, Adetuberu IA. 2014. Nutritional, Minerals and Phytochemicals composition of Garcinia cola [Bitter cola] and Aframomum melegueta [Alligator pepper] IOSR J. Environ. Sci. Toxicol and Food Technol. 8(1):86-91.
[3] Atata. R., Sani, A. & Ajewole, S. M. (2003). Effect of stem bark extracts of Enantia chlranta on some clinical isolates. Biokemistri, 15(2), 84-92.
[4] Chao-Hsun, Y, Yu-Chun H, Yu-fen C, Ming-Hsiang, C. 2010. Foam properties, detergent abilities and long term preservative efficacy of the saponins from Sapindus Mukorossi. J. food Drug Anal. 18: 155–160.
[5] Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, (2006). Method of Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Testing of bacteria isolated from aquatic animal; approved guideline VET03- A Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne, Pennsylvania.
[6] Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, (2015). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement CLSI documen M100-S25. 35:3.Wayne, Pennsylvania.
[7] Eze, P. C., Eze, C. N. & Agu, R. S. (2017). Determination of physic mechanical properties of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) from Southeastern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 36(2), 628 – 635.
[8] Giusti, M. M. & Wrolstad, R. E. (2001) Characterization and measurement of anthocyanins by UV-visible spectroscopy. Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, pp.45-65.
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[10] Harborne, J. B. (1984) Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Technique of Plant Analysis. Wales, London: Chapman and Hall.
[11] Hidayathulla, S., Chandra, K. K & Chandrashekar, K. R (2011). Phytochemical evaluation and antibacterial activity of Pterospermum diversifolium blume. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3,165-167.
[12] Krishnaveni, M. & Hariharan, D. (2017). Phytochemical analysis of Mucuna pruriens and Hyoscyamus niger seeds. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 7, 6-13.
[13] Kumaran, A. & Karunakaran, J. (2006) In vitro anti-oxidant activities of methanol extracts of five Phyllanthus species from India. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft and Technology-Food Science and Technology Journal, 40, 344–352.
[14] Lampariello, L. R., Cortelazzo, A., Guerranti, R., Sticozzi, C. & Valacchi, G. (2012). The Magic Velvet Bean of Mucuna pruriens. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 2(4), 331–339.
[15] Makkar, H. P., Bluemmel, M., Borowy, N. K., & Becker, K. (1993) Gravimetric determination of tannins and their correlations with chemical and protein precipitation methods. The Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 61, 161–165.
[16] Madigan. M. T. (2012). Brock biology of microorganisms. 13th edition. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.
[17] Mbajuka, C. S., Obeagi, E. I., Ochei, K. C., Ifediora, A. C., Okezi, E. & Odo, N. N. (2014). Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 9(2), 9-13.
[18] Murugan, M. & Mohan, V. R. (2011). Evaluation of phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Bauhinia purpurea L. and Hiptage benghalensis L. Kurz. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1(9), 157-160.
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[21] Ojo T. N., Gbotolorun, S. C & Oremosu A. A. (2014). Fertility Enhancing Potential of Mucuna pruriens Seeds in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 4(16), 3148-3157.
[22] Roopashree, T. S., Raman, D., Shobha, R.R.H. & Narendra, C. (2008). Antibacterial activity of antipsoriatic herbs: Cassia tora, Momordica charantia and Calendula officinalis. International Journal of Applied Research in natural products, 3, 20-28.
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[24] Shahidi Bonjar, G. H. (2004). Evaluation of antibacterial properties of Iranian medicinal plants against Micrococcus luteus, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchoseptica. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(1), 82-86.
[25] Shanmugavel, G. & Krishnamoorthy, G. (2015). In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of alcoholic extract from Mucuna pruriens seed, 2(6), 7-9.
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[30] Yerra, R., Malaya G. & Upal, K. (2005) In Vitro lipid peroxidation and antimicrobial activity of Mucuna pruriens seeds. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 4, 32-25.
[31] Yiyi, X., Weijie, Y., Xiaoquing, C. & Licheng, R. (2015). Antibacterial activities of flavonoids; structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 22(1), 132-149.

Anyiam, I. V, Ejiofor, J. “Antimicrobial Activity of Seed and Leaf Extracts of Mucuna Pruriens on Some Common Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.05-13 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/05-13.pdf

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On the exponential Diophantine equation ((19)2m )+(12γ+1)n=ρ2

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar March 2021 Page No.: 14-16

The family of Diophantine equations is divided into two categories (linear Diophantine equations and non-linear Diophantine equations). Diophantine equations are very useful for determining the solutions of many puzzle problems. In the present paper, authors studied the exponential Diophantine equation ((19)2m )+(12γ+1)n=ρ2, where m,n,γ,ρ are whole numbers, for determining its solution in whole number. Results show that the exponential Diophantine equation ((19)2m )+(12γ+1)n=ρ2, where m,n,γ,ρ are whole numbers, has no solution in whole number.

  •  Page(s): 14-16
  •  Date of Publication: 09 April 2021
  •  Sudhanshu Aggarwal
    Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National Post Graduate College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India
  •  Sanjay Kumar
    Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, M. S. College, Saharanpur-247001, U.P., India

References

 

[1]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Singhal, H. (2020) On the Diophantine equation 〖223〗^x+〖241〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 5 (8), 155-156.
[2]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Vyas, A. (2020) On the existence of solution of Diophantine equation 〖181〗^x+〖199〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, 9 (8), 85-86.
[3]. Bhatnagar, K. and Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the exponential Diophantine equation 〖421〗^p+〖439〗^q=r^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 128-129.
[4]. Gupta, D. and Kumar, S. (2020) On the solutions of exponential Diophantine equation n^x+〖(n+3m)〗^y=z^2k, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 74-77.
[5]. Kumar, A., Chaudhary, L. and Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the exponential Diophantine equation 〖601〗^p+〖619〗^q=r^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 29-30.
[6]. Kumar, S., Gupta, S. and Kishan, H. (2018) On the non-linear Diophantine equations 〖61〗^x+〖67〗^y=z^2 and 〖67〗^x+〖73〗^y=z^2, Annals of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 18(1), 91-94.
[7]. Kumar, S., Gupta, D. and Kishan, H. (2018) On the non-linear Diophantine equations 〖31〗^x+〖41〗^y=z^2 and 〖61〗^x+〖71〗^y=z^2, Annals of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 18(2), 185-188.
[8]. Mishra, R., Aggarwal, S. And Kumar, A. (2020) On the existence of solution of Diophantine equation 〖211〗^α+〖229〗^β=γ^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 78-79.
[9]. Mordell, L.J. (1969) Diophantine equations, Academic Press, London, New York.
[10]. Sierpinski, W. (1988) Elementary theory of numbers, 2nd edition, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
[11]. Sroysang, B. (2012) More on the Diophantine equation 8^x+〖19〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 81(4), 601-604.
[12]. Sroysang, B. (2012) On the Diophantine equation 〖31〗^x+〖32〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 81(4), 609-612.
[13]. Sroysang, B. (2012) On the Diophantine equation 3^x+5^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 81(4), 605-608.
[14]. Sroysang, B. (2014) On the Diophantine equation 8^x+〖13〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 90(1), 69-72.
[15]. Goel, P., Bhatnagar, K. and Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the exponential Diophantine equation 〖M_5〗^p+〖M_7〗^q=r^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 170-171.
[16]. Kumar, S., Bhatnagar, K., Kumar, A. and Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the exponential Diophantine equation (2^(2m+1)-1)+〖(6^(r+1)+1)〗^n=ω^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 183-184.
[17]. Kumar, S., Bhatnagar, K., Kumar, N. and Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the exponential Diophantine equation (7^2m )+〖(6r+1)〗^n=z^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 181-182.
[18]. Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, N. (2020) On the non-linear Diophantine equation 〖379〗^x+〖397〗^y=z^2, Open Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 4(1), 397-399. DOI: 10.30538/oms2020.0129
[19]. Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the existence of solution of Diophantine equation 〖193〗^x+〖211〗^y=z^2, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 5(3&4), 1-2.
[20]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Sharma, N. (2020) On the non-linear Diophantine equation 〖313〗^x+〖331〗^y=z^2, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 5(3&4), 3-5.
[21]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Chauhan, R. (2020) On the non-linear Diophantine equation 〖331〗^x+〖349〗^y=z^2, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 5(3&4), 6-8

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar “On the exponential Diophantine equation ((19)2m )+(12γ+1)n=ρ2” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.14-16 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/14-16.pdf

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An Andriod-Based Smart Assistant Application for the Blind

Olumide O. Obe. March 2021 Page No.: 17-24

The development in Information and Mobile Technologies has opened opportunities for the digital inclusion of visually challenged persons. There is a growing demand for assistive tools for catering for the social interactivity of visually impaired persons by the development of ubiquitous technologies systems and devices. In this work, an assistive Android-based Mobile application for ease of daily activities of the blinds was developed. The SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) was applied for the development of the application.

  •  Page(s): 17-24
  •  Date of Publication: 14 April 2021
  •  Olumide O. Obe.
    Computer Science Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

References

 

[1] WHO (2020): Blindness and Visual Impairment. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment
[2] Strumillo, Pawel. (2012). Electronic Systems Aiding Spatial Orientation and Mobility of the Visually Impaired. 98. 373-386. 10.1007/978-3-642-23187-2_24.
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[4] Onishi, J., & Ono, T. (2011). Contour pattern recognition through auditory labels of Freeman chain codes for people with visual impairments. In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (pp. 1088-1093). IEEE.
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Olumide O. Obe. “An Andriod-Based Smart Assistant Application for the Blind” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.17-24 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/17-24.pdf

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Simplex Algorithm support system for Optimization of crop yield monitoring system using Internet of Things (IOT)

Ogini Nicholas Oluwole, Okorodudu Franklin Ovuolelolo March 2021 Page No.: 25-30

The challenges facing the enhancing production of agricultural sectors in spite of endowed natural resources for necessary crop production are key issues to crop yield. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a central role in improving the lives of the populace in the rural areas using a computer based agro information system. The simplex algorithm support for optimization crop yield monitoring of Internet of Things in improving the current practice in agriculture. An intelligent system that will help farmers to perform their duty automatically without much manual inspection was created. The system suggest some agro information that are relevant to the crop like varieties and soil types, planting time, maturity time, temperature, distance between crops, pest, disease, pest/disease control measure , rainfall, amount of sunshine, quantity and type of fertilizer to mention but few with its geographic information system. The application will help famers to have increase productivity and the efficiency of the crop yield. The simplex algorithm using IOT will optimize the level of crop yield in the agricultural sector of Nigeria

  •  Page(s): 25-30
  •  Date of Publication: 14 April 2021
  •  Ogini Nicholas Oluwole
    Computer Science, Delta State University
  •  Okorodudu Franklin Ovuolelolo
    Computer Science, Delta State University

References

 

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Ogini Nicholas Oluwole, Okorodudu Franklin Ovuolelolo “Simplex Algorithm support system for Optimization of crop yield monitoring system using Internet of Things (IOT)” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 1 March 2021, pp.25-30 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/25-30.pdf

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Prevalence of Uterine Leiomyoma Coexisting with Intrauterine Pregnancy

Shire Ebere Mercy, Lekpa K. David March 2021 Page No.: 31-35

Uterine myoma also known as fibroid is a mass of compacted smooth muscle and fibrous tissue that grows on the wall (or sometimes on the outside) of the uterus.Estrogen and progesterone are recognized as promoters of tumor growth. During pregnancy, the influx of these hormones are said to have effects on the co-existing myomas. The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of uterine leiomyoma coexisting with intrauterine pregnancy and investigate the relationship between patient age, gestational age (GA), myoma size and location of myomas in pregnant women living in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers state Nigeria. It is a retrospective study from June 2010 to December, 2018. Data was obtained from case files of 150 gravid female patients (with myoma = 80, without Myoma = 70) who reported for ultrasound scans, these files were evaluated and analyzed using their Gestational age to compare the size of myoma. From the results there was a remarkable increase in myoma existing with pregnancy with rise in maternal age. A total of 35 patients between the ages of 40-45years were scanned and were found to have the highest number of myomas coexisting with their pregnancies (with myoma, n=30(85.71%). This was closely followed by patients between the ages of 35-39 years were 50 subjects where scanned and 50% had myomas coexisting with their pregnancies (with myoma, n=25(50%)). Patients between the ages of 20-24years had the least number of myoma coexisting with their pregnancies (with myoma, n= 3(33.33%)). The various age distribution of subjects and fibroid incidence was analyzed using chi-square (X2 = 28.471, df = 5, p value=0.00002). Patients between ages 40-45years has the highest number of pregnancies coexisting with uterine fibroids in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Ultrasonography is an important modality used in detecting the presence, size and location of myomas especially in early pregnancy. The growth pattern of myoma in pregnancy in our locality was significant. Myomas grow in pregnancy at 3-6 weeks interval (4.5 weeks mean interval) at the growth rate of 0.667mm per week especially from first trimester to second trimester. The incidence of myoma in this study was 53.5% and was found to be significant in women of age 40-45 years. The most common fibroids are subserous (20%), Submucous (20%) and intramural fibroids(20%). Follow-up scans should always be requested in cases of leiomyoma co-existing with pregnancy to determine any change in size of myoma as the pregnancy progresses.

  •  Page(s): 31-35
  •  Date of Publication: 14 April 2021
  •  Shire Ebere Mercy
    Rivers State College Of Health Science and Management Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  •  Lekpa K. David
    Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

References

 

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Shire Ebere Mercy, Lekpa K. David “Prevalence of Uterine Leiomyoma Coexisting with Intrauterine Pregnancy” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.31-35 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/31-35.pdf

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Evaluation of Chrysophyllum albidum seed cotyledon as a feed additive in broiler diet and possible antimicrobial

Ezeala Freeman, Gabriel Adeyemi Francis, Moses Olabiyi ABIODUN March 2021 Page No.: 36-43

The increasing cost and short supply ofpoultryfeeds have created the need to search for alternatives as feed additives to enhance feed quality and quantity. This research work was undertaken to evaluate the nutritive and non-nutritive potentials of Chrysophyllum albidum seed cotyledon (CASC) as a feed additive in broiler diet, possible antimicrobial activity and FTIR study of the functional groups. Results of nutritive mineral, vitamin and proximate composition revealed that CASC contained the highest content of copper (2.44 mg/kg), ascorbic acid (0.554 mg/kg) and carbohydrate (81.64mg/kg) and lowest contents of chromium (0.16 mg/kg), Niacin (0.0046mg/kg) and Nitrogen free extract (0.51%) respectively. Also, the non-nutritive contents of CASC revealed alkaloids (1.28mg/kg) as highest and the lowest is phenolics (0.48mg/kg) not excluding the cyanide content of 1.4798mg/kg. In addition, the result of the antimicrobial analysis shows that E. coli was highly susceptible to the aqueous extract (p<0.05) whereas Bacillus spp. and Candida albicanshad the least susceptibility to the test extracts. The toxicity studies show no significant difference in the blood parameters of both the control and the experimental groups and no visible lesions were observed in the vital organs of both the control and experimental groups. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) study on the oilidentified some functional groups such –OH, -CH, C=O and C-O.

  •  Page(s): 36-43
  •  Date of Publication: 16 April 2021
  •  Ezeala Freeman
    University of Abuja, Nigeria
  •  Gabriel Adeyemi Francis
    University of Abuja, Nigeria
  •  Moses Olabiyi ABIODUN
    University of Abuja, Nigeria

References

 

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Ezeala Freeman, Gabriel Adeyemi Francis, Moses Olabiyi ABIODUN, “Evaluation of Chrysophyllum albidum seed cotyledon as a feed additive in broiler diet and possible antimicrobial” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.36-43 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/36-43.pdf

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Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori Isolated from Soil in keffi, Nigeria

I. K. Ekeleme, M. D Makut, J. E Owuna, S. O Obiekezie, and F. H Muhammed March 2021 Page No.: 44-48

Citric acid is an Organic acids, commercially valuable product extensively used in different industries for various purposes. This study aimed at citric acid production by A.niger and A. awamori isolated from soil in Keffi using waste starch from corn milling factory. A.niger and A. awamori was isolated from soil in Keffi and identified using standard microbiology methods. Starch production media was prepared by following standard fermentation conditions. The citric acid produced was estimated using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) method. The occurrence of Aspergillus species showed that Pyanku had the highest percentage occurrence with 100%. The screening for citric acid producing A.nigerand A. awamori showed that isolates from location A, C and D showed ability to produce citric acid. Effect of different temperature on citric acid production showed that A.awamoriA1produced highest at 28oC with 3.10 mg/ml and A.awamoriA2 produced lowest at 26OC (2.08mg/ml). A. niger F4 produced the highest at32OC with 5.03mg/ml and A.niger F5 lowest at 26OC with 3.10mg/ml. Fermentation duration showed duration by A. awamori A2 after 144hours with 5.00mg/ml and A. awamori A1 showed lowest yield after 24hours with 0.71mg/ml while A. niger F5 yield highest after 168 hours with 5.02mg/ml and A. niger F4 yield lowest after 24hours with 0.91mg/ml. Effect of pH on citric acid production showed that A. awamoriA1 yield highest at pH 4.5 with 5.19mg/ml while A. nigerF5 produced highest at pH 5.0 with citric acid yield of 5.69mg/l.

  •  Page(s): 44-48
  •  Date of Publication: 17 April 2021
  •  I. K. Ekeleme
    Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
  •  M. D Makut
    Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
  •  J. E Owuna
    Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
  •  S. O Obiekezie
    Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
  •  F. H Muhammed
    Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nigeria

References

 

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I. K. Ekeleme, M. D Makut, J. E Owuna, S. O Obiekezie, and F. H Muhammed “Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori Isolated from Soil in keffi, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.44-48 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/44-48.pdf

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Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) Modelling of the Nigerian Stock Indices using Seven Distributions for Innovation

Odum, Jane Ogechukwu and Okoli, Cecilia Nchedo March 2021 Page No.: 49-62

The characterization and quantification of stock market behaviour are important issues in financial risk management. This study analyzes the behaviour of Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) market returns over the period from 1985 to 2017. The autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model (ARCH) with seven unusual parametric distributions for innovations including the Gaussian distribution, the Skewed Gaussian distribution, the Students t distribution, the Generalized error distribution, the Skewed generalized error distribution, the Standardized normal inverse Gaussian distribution and the Skewed Students t distribution was considered in the study. The models were fitted to the data using the maximum likelihood method. The ARCH model with the Student’s t as the distribution for the innovation gave the best fit. The assessment of the general predictive ability of the best-fitting model was carried out on the basis of the value-at-risk and the expected miscalculations using some loss functions.

  •  Page(s): 49-62
  •  Date of Publication: 17 March 2021
  •  Odum, Jane Ogechukwu
    Department of Mathematics, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, Anambra State, Nigeria
  •  Okoli, Cecilia Nchedo
    Department of statistics, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria

References

 

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Odum, Jane Ogechukwu and Okoli, Cecilia Nchedo, “Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) Modelling of the Nigerian Stock Indices using Seven Distributions for Innovation” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.49-62 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/49-62.pdf

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Spatial Temporal Patterns of Bayelsa State Spdc Related oil Spill from 2011 to 2019

Sam Mercy David and Okujagu Diepiriye Chenaboso March 2021 Page No.: 63-69

An Oil spill is a global issue which causes serious pollution to the environment. In this study, spatio-temporal models of the distribution of oil spills in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, from 2011 to 2019, were analyzed using ARCGIS software based on available data from the SPDC JIV report. The results showed a total of 234 spills in Bayelsa State from 2011 to 2019. The estimated spill volume is 25,501.30 barrels, with 2015 having the highest spill volume of 22% and 2019 the lowest spill volume of 3%. The spill affected an area of 14,789,570.02 m2, with the year 2012 having the most affected area (65.5%) and 2017 the lowest (1%). Swamp recorded the most spill incidents at 67% followed by land at 29%, water 3% and land / swamp at 1%. The main causes of the spills are sabotage (66.5%), operational failures (30.7%), others (2.3%) and the mysterious spill 0.5% (spills whose cause is not established). The main oil spill facilities such as oil pipelines, flow lines, well head, delivery line, flow station, manifold, trunk line, and buckline, accounted for 60% of the spill and other facilities accounted for 40% of spills. The main oil spill leak points are hack saw cut 35%, crude oil theft, 16%, corrosion 9%, well head tampering6% and the rest (points leakages) 34%. This study presents a spatio-temporal map of the distribution of oil spills in Bayelsa State from 2011 to 2019 on the basis of oil spills related to SPDC.

  •  Page(s): 63-69
  •  Date of Publication: 22 March 2021
  •  Sam Mercy David
    Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  •  Okujagu Diepiriye Chenaboso
    1Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
    Center for Petroleum Geosciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Anifowose, B. (2008). Assessing the Impact of Oil & Gas Transport on Nigeria’s Environment. University of Birmingham UK. U21 Postgraduate Research Conference Proceedings 1.
[2] kabiamaowei Ataman Ibegu; Ajibola Mayowa Olusola (2017). Effects of Oil Operations on Epebu Community in Bayelsa State. Covenant Journal of Research in the Built Environment (CJRBE) Vol. 5, No. 2
[3] Luiselli, L; Akani, G. C., (2002). An indirect assessment of the effects of oil pollution on the diversity and functioning of turtle communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 26.1: 57–65.
[4] Moses, A.D.; Okujagu, D.C. and Beka, F.T. (2019). Geospatialization of Spilling Facility from SPDC 2015 Oil Spill Reports of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Centre for Petroleum Geosciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Geospatial Information. Vol 3, No 1. Retrieved on 25 October from (http://journal.polibatam.ac.id/index.php/JAGI)
[5] Ordinioha B; Sawyer W (2008) Food Insecurity, Malnutrition and Crude Oil Spillage in a Rural Community in Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, vol 17, No 3 Pp 304 – 309
[6] Ordinioha B; Sawyer W (2010) Acute health effects of a crude oil spill in a rural community in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, Vol.19, No. 2 pp 140 – 144
[7] Onuoha, F.C. (2008). Oil Pipeline Sabotage in Nigeria: Dimensions, Actors and Implications for National Security L/C. African Security Review, 17 (3)
[8] SPDC (2019). Oil Spill Data. Retrieved on October 2019 from https://www.shell.com.ng/sustainability/environment/oil-spills/january-2019.html.
[9] SPDC Geomatics (2012) Spill incidents in the Niger Delta, Map No. EP201207208314003.MXD Geomatics, Port Harcourt. Tile C7
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[11] Sustainable Remediation and Rehabilitation of Biodiversity and Habitats of Oil Spill Sites in the Niger Delta Annex Ia: Kolo Creek Biophysical Report A report by IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature
[12] The Bayelsa State Oil & Environmental Commission | Nov 2019 Interim Report. BSOEC-Public-Interim-Report-ONLINE-VERSION-29.10.19.pdf (bayelsacommission.org)

Sam Mercy David and Okujagu Diepiriye Chenaboso, “Spatial Temporal Patterns of Bayelsa State Spdc Related oil Spill from 2011 to 2019” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.63-69 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/63-69.pdf

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Detection and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli 0157 from Feral and Cultured Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Ibadan, Nigeria

Seto Charles Ogunleye, Ishola Olayinka Olabisi, Okunlade Olayemi Akinsola, Adedeji Olufemi Bolarinwa, Okocha Reuben March 2021 Page No.: 70-75

One of the most important Escherichia coli strains known is E. coli O157 and is known to cause important human diseases including food poisoning, gastroenteritis, septic shock, etc. Its isolation from food materials and resistance to antibiotics are of increasingglobal-public health concerns. This study investigated prevalence and antibiogram of E. coli O157 from Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus)..A total of 156 samples consisting of gills, intestines and skins were collected from 52 O. niloticus obtained from Egbeda(A), Ido(B), Ibadan-North East(C) and Ibadan North-West(D) Local Government Areas of Ibadan for bacteriological analysis. E. coli 0157 Isolation and identification were performed using the EU, 2017 Reference Laboratory standards forenterobacteracea isolation and characterization, and antibiogram of E. coli O157was performed using standard methods.In this study, the overall prevalence of E. coli O157 obtained from O. niloticus was 62.5% with prevalence of 62.5%, 37.5% and 87.5% from gill, intestine, and skin, respectively, while the overall location prevalence were observed as: 65.4% (A), 65.4% (B), 66.7% (C) and 50.0% (D). Isolates exhibited resistance patterns comprising: 100.0%(Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime and Meropenem), 91.7%(Cefotaxime),83.3%(Tetracycline), 41.5%(Cotrimoxazole),75.0%(Ceftriaxone), 16.7%(Gentamycin), 8.3%(Ciprofloxacin), and 0.0%(Amikacin, Chloramphenicol). Multi-drug resistance patterns were observed as: CRX- CFZ-MEM-(100%), CRX-CTR-CTX-CFZ-MEM-(83.3%), CRX-CTR-CTX-CFZ-MEM-TET(66.7%), CRX-CTR-CTX-CFZ-MEM-TET-COT(58.3%) and CRX-CTR-CTX-CFZ-MEM-TET-COT-GEN(8.3%). Prevalence of E. coli O157 in O. niloticus obtained from Ibadan andits multi-drug resistance patterns observed in this studyindicate aquaticcontaminations, and abuse of antibiotics, portendingfood safety and public health threats.

DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6301

  •  Page(s): 70-75
  •  Date of Publication: 22 March 2021
  •  Seto Charles Ogunleye
    Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
    Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
  •  Ishola Olayinka Olabisi
    Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria
  •  Okunlade Olayemi Akinsola
    Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria
  •  Adedeji Olufemi Bolarinwa
    Landmark University SDG 14 (Life below Water), P. M. B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
  •  Okocha Reuben
    Department of Agriculture, Landmark University, P. M. B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria

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[37] Tiamiyu, A. M., Soladoye, M. O., Adegboyega, T. T. &Adetona, M. O. (2015). Occurrence and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Obtained in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 3, 19-26; doi:10.4236/jbm.2015.35003
[38] Varma, J.K., Greene, K.D., Reller, M.E., DeLong, S.M., Trottier, J., Nowicki, S.F., DiOrio, M., Koch, E.M., Bannerman, T.L., York, S.T., Lambert-Fair, M.A., Wells, J.G. & Mead, P.S. 2003. “An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infection following exposure to a contaminated building”. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290 (20).: 2709–2712. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.20.2709
[39] Vasemägi, A., Visse, M. & Kisand, V. (2017). Effect of Environmental Factors and an Emerging Parasitic Disease on Gut Microbiome of Wild Salmonid Fish. of wild salmonid fish. MSphere 2(6):e00418-17. DOI:10.1128/mSphere.00418-17
[40] World Health Organization (WHO). 2019. Interventions for the control of non -typhoidal Salmonella spp. in beef and 729 pork: meeting report and systematic review. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/249529
[41] World Health Organization (WHO). 2019. WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/199350/9789241565165_eng.pdf?sequence=1

Seto Charles Ogunleye, Ishola Olayinka Olabisi, Okunlade Olayemi Akinsola, Adedeji Olufemi Bolarinwa, Okocha Reuben, “Detection and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli 0157 from Feral and Cultured Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Ibadan, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.70-75 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6301

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Materials and Systems Optimization in Solar Thermal Energy Application (Clothes Dryer)

S.O. Yusuf, T.B. Ajibola, O. Olasode March 2021 Page No.: 76-80

This research presents the effects of thermal energy materials and systems optimization in solar drying applications. State of the art literature review on solar drying in rural areas of the developing countries reveals the need for thermal energy systems optimizations. This leads to the design, construction and experimental evaluation of an efficient stand-alone PV- integrated solar clothes drying system for drying applications. The solar clothes drying system was constructed to reduce the reliance on unsustainable electric dryers, which are high electricity consuming appliances resulting in emission of large CO2 amounts to the environment. All these developments were geared towards improving the performance and reliability of the alternative sustainable energy systems, and help to reduce environmental hazards. After testing different material for the construction and the evacuated collector tube, the result shows that copper is the best for high performance and efficiency followed by aluminum. But aluminum was used for the casing and a copper tube for the evacuated collector tube. From the performance evaluation test of the hybrid solar clothes drying system it was observed that The trend of the variation in temperature was as a result of the weather condition the solar drying system was able to dry a pair of clothes within 3 hours during the outdoor test and about 3 hours and 45 minute during the indoor test with a relative humidity of 30%. The economic analysis of the solar drying system was also carried out and the payback period was calculated to be 2.87 years, which was small compared to the life of the hybrid solar drying system.

  •  Page(s): 76-80
  •  Date of Publication: 22 April 2021
  •  S.O. Yusuf
    Department of Physics, University of lorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
  •  T.B. Ajibola
    Department of Physics, University of lorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
  •  O. Olasode
    Department of Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

References

 

[1]. Abhat A. (1983), Low temperature latent heat thermal energy storage: heat storage materials. Solar Energy 30:313–32.
[2]. Ahmadul A. and Saiful B. (2004)., Investigation into the effectiveness of heat pump assisted clothes dryer for humid tropics. Energy Conversion and Management 45 1397–1405.
[3]. Ahmet S. and Ali K.(2008), Preparation, thermal properties and thermal reliability of capric acid/expanded perlite composite for thermal energy storage. Materials Chemistry and Physics 109 459–464.
[4]. Augustus M., Leon, S., Kumar S. and Bhattacharya C (2002). A comprehensive procedure for performance evaluation of solar food dryers. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 6 367–393.
[5]. Boiln, H. R., and Salunkhe, D. K (1982). Food Dehydration by Solar Energy, CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, April pp: 327-354.
[6]. Boyle .G (1996). The staircase solar dryer: Design and characteristics. Renewable Energy, Vol.7 No.2, pp.177-183.
[7]. Boyle and Godfrey (1996). Solar Photovoltaic; In Renewable Energy Power for sustainable future, edited by Godfrey Boyle, Oxford.
[8]. Cassedy E.S., (2000), Prospects for Sustainable Energy. , Cambridge University Press.
[9]. Diamante L. M. and Munro P.A (2004). Mathematical Modelling of thin layer solar drying of sweet potatoes: Solar Energy, Vol, 51 pp 176 – 271.
[10]. Ekechuku O.V (1999). Review of solar-energy drying systems I: an overview of drying principles and theory. Energy Conversion Management 40:593–613.
[11]. Ekechukwu O.V. and Norton B (1999). Review of solar-energy drying systems II: an overview of solar drying technology. Energy Conversion & Management 40 615-655.
[12]. Okechuku O.V. and Norton B (1999). Review of solar-energy drying systems III: low temperature air-heating solar collectors for crop drying applications. Energy Conversion & Management 40 657-667.
[13]. Hallak H., Hilal J., and Rahhal R (1996). The staircase solar dryer: Design and characteristics. Renewable Energy, Vol.7 No.2, pp.177-183.
[14]. Garba M.M (2003). Renewable energy for the developing world M.Sc. Dissertation School of the Built Environment, University of Nottingham.

S.O. Yusuf, T.B. Ajibola, O. Olasode “Materials and Systems Optimization in Solar Thermal Energy Application (Clothes Dryer)” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.76-80 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/76-80.pdf

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Effects of Digital Game and Youtube Instructional Package on the Achievement and Interest in Chemistry among Students in Bida Niger State

Ibrahim Alfa Yahaya, Amina Mohammed Chado, Adamu Zubairu Evuti March 2021 Page No.: 81-87

Digital game based learning is a strategic and tactical guide in learning process combining content with video games to engage learners; YouTube is a video sharing service that allows users to watch videos posted by other users and upload videos of their own. The research design adopted for this research is pretest posttest control (Non-equivalent, non-randomization control, experimental research design). A total number of one hundred and fourty two student (142)(77 males and 65 females)for the study were purposively selected for this study from three (3)co-educational schools out of twenty three (23)schools in Bida local government were randomly assign to control and experimental groups. Chemistry achievement test was adapted and validated by two expert in the field of chemistry with the reliability index of 0.748. The chemistry achievement test was administered to students in the pretest, posttest upon treatment of test instrument; the data obtain from pretest and posttest were statistically analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The result indicates that digital game and youtube instructional package enhanced the achievement of chemistry student; it also shows that male students did better than female students using digital game and youtube instructional package. It concluded thatExposing Learners to digital game and youtube instruction enhance easy assimilation and recall of student’s memory in chemistry which they did better than those exposed to conventional method. The male student performed better than the female student in digital game and youtube instructional package, it is recommended that the government should make available necessary gadget to aid teaching and learningand curriculum planners and relevant government agencies should incorporate this approach into secondary school curriculum and thus implemented.

  •  Page(s): 81-87
  •  Date of Publication: 23 April 2021
  •  Ibrahim Alfa Yahaya
    Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
  •  Amina Mohammed Chado
    Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
  •  Adamu Zubairu Evuti
    Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Franklin, Ursula (2017). The Real World of Technology (revised ed.). Scarborough: House of Anansi. ISBN 978-0-88784-891-9.
[2] Robinson, Rhonda; Molenda, Michael; Rezabek, Landra (2016). “Facilitating Learning” (PDF). Association for Educational Communications and Technology.
[3] Bagley, M. (2014). Live science contributor
[4] WAEC, “Chief examiners’ report may/June West African Senior School Certificate Examination. Abuja: FME Pub., 2015.
[5] WAEC, “Chief examiner’s report May/June West African Senior School Certificate Examination”, Lagos:WAEC Pub., 2016.
[6] WAEC, “Chief examiners’ report may/June West African Senior School Certificate Examination. Abuja: FME Pub., 2017.
[7] WAEC, “Chief examiner’s report May/June West African Senior School Certificate Examination”, Lagos:WAEC Pub., 2018.
[8] IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the “Gold Book”) (1997). Online corrected version: (2016–) “chemical reaction”.
[9] Chado, A. M., Gimba, R. W., Babagana, M. &Yahaya, I. A. (2016). Effects of Digital Game-Based Instructional Strategy On Students’ Achievement in Chemical Reactions Among Senior Secondary School in Niger State, Nigeria. African Journal of Educational Research (AJER) (1&2), 151
[10] Crosnoe, R., Johnson, M. K., & Elder, G. H. (2014). School size and the interpersonal side of education: An examination of race/ethnicity and organizational context. Social Science Quarterly, 85(5), 1259-1274.
[11] B. A. Chansarkar and A. Michaeloudis, (2011) Student profiles and factors affecting performance Int. j. math. educ. sci. technol., 2001, vol. 32, no. 1, 97–104, Pp 103-104
[12] Ekpo-Eloma, E. O. et al (2016). Improvisation of instructional materials for primary schools.Teachers’ professional development: Workshop manual. Cross River State.
[13] Yvonne Beaumont-Walters, Kola Soyibo (2018) “An Analysis of High School Students’ Performance on Five Integrated Science Process Skills” Research in Science & Technical Education, Volume 19, Number 2 / November 1, 2001 Pp 133 – 145
[14] Anthony A.D. (2019) The effect of simulation game on senior secondary school student performance and attitude towards balancing of chemical equations. An MPHIL dissertation presented to the department science education, Winneba Ghana, 444.
[15] Prensky, m (2011). Digital game based learning vol 1, 10.1145/950566.950567 McGraw-Hill, New York
[16] Chen, Z.H. and Chan, T.W. (2010). Using game quest to incorporate learning task within a virtual world.Proceeding of 10th IEEE International conference on advanced learning technologies 2010, Sousse, Tunisia, 750-751.
[17] Connoly, T.M and stansfield, M.H. (2017). From elearning to game-based elearning: using interactive technologies in teaching an IS course. International journal of information technology management, 26(2/3/4), 188-208
[18] Whitton, N. (2010). Learning with digital games: A practical guide to engaging student in higher education, New York, NY: Routledge
[19] Eick, C., & King, T. (2012). Nonscience majors’ perceptions on the use of YouTube video to support learnin in an integrated science leture.Journal of College Science Teaching, 42(1), 26-30.
[20] Buzzetto-More, N. (2014). An examination of undergraduate student’s perceptions and predilections of the use of YouTube in the teaching and learning process.Interdisciplinary JournalofE-LearningandLearningObjects,10,17-32. http://www.ijello.org/Volume10/IJELLOv10p017-032Buzzetto0437.pdf
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[23] Hilner, J. (2012). How to use online video in your classroom how teachers can bring the best of YouTube and other online video services to their students. Retrieved 2 13, 2014, from EduTopia:http://www.edutopia.org/youtube-educational-videos-classroom
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[28] Snelson, C. (2011). YouTube across the disciplines: A review of the literature. MERLOT Journal ofOnline Learning and Teaching., 7(1), 150-169. http://jolt.merlot.org/vol7no1/snelson_0311.htm
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[31] Ale, S. O. (2010). Combating Poor Achievement in Mathematics.ABACUS. The Journal of Mathematics Association of Nigeria, (19)1, 26-40.
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[33] Obioma, G. O. and Ohuche. (2016). Diagostic Assessment in Mathematics in PaiObanya (ed) Curriculum. Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, 545-556.
[34] Eremie, M. D. and Ekpete, O. A. (2018). Causes of Poor Performance in Chemistry in Senior Secondary Schools in Ahoada West local Government Area of Rivers State.International Journal of Research and Policies. Vol.3 85-89
[35] Sule, A. O. (2011). An evaluation of the mathematics lecturers education programme in colleges of education in Nigeria. Unpublished P.hD Thesis of Ilorin, Nigeria.
[36] Hassan, A. M., Gimba, R. W. &Chado, A.M. (2016). Effect of Information anCommunication Technology (ICT) on Gender and Achievement of Students in Basic Science and Technology at Junior Secondary School Level.in Computer Education Research Journal (CERJ) of Computer Educators Association of Nigeria (CEAN). 3(1), 119 – 126
[37] Olasheinde, K. J., and Olatoye, R. A. (2014).Comparison of male and female senior secondary school students’ learning outcomes in science in Katsina State, Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2):518–523.
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[39] Zenbari, M. J. & Blume, L. B. (2009). Gender and Academic Achievement. Education.com. http://www.education.com/reference/article/gender-academic-achievement

Ibrahim Alfa Yahaya, Amina Mohammed Chado, Adamu Zubairu Evuti “Effects of Digital Game and Youtube Instructional Package on the Achievement and Interest in Chemistry among Students in Bida Niger State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.81-87 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/81-87.pdf

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Parameter Comparisons on Multivariate Time Series Analysis; a Case Study of GDP Growth Rate in Nigeria

Ekpenyong, Aniedi Moses, Ette Harrison Etuk March 2021 Page No.: 88-93

In this work, multivariate Time Series “vector Autoregressive Model” was applied to analyze the Gross Domestics Product (GDP) growth rate of five (5) sectors namely: Agriculture, Industries, Building/Construction, Wholesales/Retails, and Services. The data was collected from the National Bureau of Statistics, range quarterly from 1985 to 2017, a total of 33years. Real (R) software was adopted to analyze the model. The data were grouped into 10 pairs of 2 parameter variables, 10 combinations of 3 parameters variables, 5 combinations of 4 parameters variables, and the complete 5 parameter variables. In each group, the best model was selected and Lag’s using Akaike Information Criteria, in the group of 2 parameters variables the pairs of Building/Construction and Services was selected as the best model with the smallest of AIC (-11.8996) at lag (5). Building/ Construction, Wholesales/Retails, and Services pairs were selected, as the best model in the group of 3 parameters variables with an AIC value of (-17.0510). In the group of 4 parameters variables, the combination of Agriculture, Building/Construction, Wholesales/Retails, and Services was selected as the best model with an AIC value of (-22.0743) as the smallest at lag (5). In complete parameters variables, Agriculture, Industries, Building/Construction, Wholesales/Retails, and Services, the best lag was selected as lag (5) with the smallest AIC value of (-25.8996). In comparison, the best model of 2 parameters with an AIC value of (-11.973) at lag (5) was compared with that of the complete 5 parameters variables with an AIC value of (-25.8996), the results showed that the larger the parameters the better the model.

  •  Page(s): 88-93
  •  Date of Publication: 23 April 2021
  •  Ekpenyong, Aniedi Moses
    Department of Mathematics, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  •  Ette Harrison Etuk
    Department of Mathematics, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Abdul A. F, and Marwan M. A (2013), The Effect of Interest Rate, Inflation Rate, GDP, on Real Economic Growth Rate in Jordan, Asian Economic, and Financial Review, 341-354.
[2] Aminu U. (2013).An empirical investigation into the effect of unemployment’s and inflation on economic growth in Nigeria, Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in business 2046-7141
[3] Bacon R. (2005), The Impact of Higher Oil Prices on A Low Countries. Washington Work Bank’s, ESMAP report on the internet.
[4] Box, G.E.P., Jenkins, G.M. and Reinsel, G.C. (2008), Time Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control. John Willey and Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey. ISBN978-0-470-27284-8 (cloth). QA280.B67 2008. 519.5_5—dc22
[5] Fadli F. A , Zurida M., Teh S. A, Norazidah S., Nurul S. B. and Kamaruzaman J. (2011). Multivariate time series analysis on the correlation between inflation rate and Employment Rate with Gross Domestic Products, World Applied Science Journal, 61-66.
[6] Granger, C. W. (1972), Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods. Econometricca, 37, 424-438, DOI;10.2307/1912791.
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[8] Merle, K., P. (2008), A Dwindling Economy. Equador Economic Submit. Vol.3,Issue 8, pp. 51-64.
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[13] Zacharias Psaradkis and Marian Vavra (2014), Portmanteau Test for Linearity of Stationary time series, Econometric reviews, DOI:10.1080/0747938 (Birkbeck, Department of Economics, Mathematics and Statistics.

Ekpenyong, Aniedi Moses, Ette Harrison Etuk “Parameter Comparisons on Multivariate Time Series Analysis; a Case Study of GDP Growth Rate in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.88-93 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/88-93.pdf

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Evaluation of some advanced soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes using cultivar performance index.

Shaahu A., Vange T., Msaakpa T. S., Ochigbo A.E., Okoh J.O. March 2021 Page No.: 94-96

In discriminating means that are statistically significant, agriculturist mostly use LSD, DMRT, t-test, z-test, stability analysis etc in selecting the best genotype from trial. The presence of gxe interaction necessitates the need for multilocational trials in order to select stable/adapted and superior genotypes for release. Fifteen soybean genotypes were examined across five locations in 2018 cropping season using performance index approach. The genotypes NCRI SOYAC79 and NCRI SOYAC5 were the most outstanding across the five locations. Whereas NCRISOY AC41 and NCRISOY AC47 recorded relatively low performance index and zero P value.

  •  Page(s): 94-96
  •  Date of Publication: 29 April 2021
  •  Shaahu A.
    Soybean Research Programme, National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi, Niger State, Nigeria
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
  •  Vange T.
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
  •  Msaakpa T. S.
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
  •  Ochigbo A.E.
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
  •  Okoh J.O.
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Acquaah, G. (2012) Principles of Genetics and Breeding. Blackwell Publishing Com.
[2] Bodunde. J. G (2002) performance index for cultivar rating in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) Evaluate for heat tolerance in dry hot eco-zone. Nigeria journal of horticultural science vol 7 No 1.
[3] Eberhart S. A. and Russel W. A., (1966). Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Sci., 6: 36- 40
[4] Echekwu C. A. and Showemino F. A. (2001) An appraisal of line performance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Breeding trial in Northan Nigeria using the performance index Approach. Tropicultura 2001, Pp. 19, 4, 188-190.
[5] Fasoulas, A.C. (1983) Rating cultivars and trials in applied breeding. Euphytica 32(3):939-943.
[6] Finley K. W. and Wilkinson G.N., (1963). The analysis of adaptation in plant breeding programme. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research., 14: 742 – 754
[7] Lin C. S. (1982). Grouping genotypes by a cluster method directly related to genotypes – environmentinteraction mean squares. Theoretical and applied genetics, 62: 277-280
[8] Miller A. J., (1984). Selection of subsets of regression variables (with discussion). Journal of the royal statistical Society, A147: 389 – 425.
[9] Shaahu A., Bello L. L., Vange T and Maga J. T (2014) Assessment of yield and yield componenets of some improved soybeen (Glycine max (L) marrill) Genotypes using performance index. Internationaljournal of applied research and technology 3(3): 80-86
[10] Wricke G. (1962). Uber eine method zur Erfassung der okologischen Streubreite in Feldversuchen. Z. Pflanzenzuchtung, 47: 92 – 96.
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[12] Yisa, M. N., Dikko, H. G. and Shaahu, A. (2018). Application of Cultivar Performance Index Analysis onsome selected Rice (Oryza Sativa L) Varieties. International Journal of Applied Research and Technology. 7(5): 73– 77.

Shaahu A., Vange T., Msaakpa T. S., Ochigbo A.E., Okoh J.O. “Evaluation of some advanced soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes using cultivar performance index.” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.94-96 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/94-96.pdf

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Effect of Selected Liquid Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativusl)

Aluko, K.A., Aderemi, A.M., Elesho, R.O., Majekodunmi, O.A. March 2021 Page No.: 97-100

This study examined the effect of two different liquid organic fertilizers on the growth of Cucumis sativus. The experiment was carried out at the pineapple nursery of the National Institute of Horticultural Research and Training (NIHORT) Idi-Ishin Ibadan. The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments replicated three times with each block representing a replicate. The liquid fertilizers were applied to stands of Cucumis sativus on the field four weeks after planting and the experiment was monitored for nine weeks thereafter for growth and fruiting. The result showed that SuperGrow liquid fertilizer applied at 2ml/L had the best growth in terms of leaf production in block 1(109.00), while the control was best in block 2 having a leaf mean number of 63.2. In block 3 superGrow applied at lml/L was best with mean leaf number of 84.3. The result of the height growth showed that SuperGrow applied at 2m/L performed best. In terms of fruit production, SuperGrow applied at 2m1/L had the best performance across the blocks having 15.6, 13.2 and 12.4 for block, 2 and 3 respectively. The result of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference among the five treatments but a significant difference was observed among the blocks. The overall result indicated that SuperGrow applied at 2ml/L performed best and was therefore recommended for the growth of C. sativus.

  •  Page(s): 97-100
  •  Date of Publication: 29 April 2021
  •  Aluko, K.A.
    Agricultural Technology Department, Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria
  •  Aderemi, A.M.
    Horiculture and Landscape Technology Department, Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria
  •  Elesho, R.O
    Horiculture and Landscape Technology Department, Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria
  •  Majekodunmi, O.A.
    Agricultural Technology Department, Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Ata-Ul-Karim, S. T., Liu, X., Lu, Z., Zheng, H., Cao, W., and Zhu, Y. (2017). Estimation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirement for Rice Crop using Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve. Field Crops Res. 201, 32–40. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104540http://www.nature.com/scientificreports
[2] Baldi E, Toselli M, Marangoni B. (2010c). Nutrient Partitioning in Potted Peach (prunuspersica L.) Trees Supplied with Mineral and Organic Fertilizers. J Plant Nutr. 2010; 33: 2050–2061.https://doi:10.1080/01904167.2010.519080
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Aluko, K.A., Aderemi, A.M., Elesho, R.O., Majekodunmi, O.A. “Effect of Selected Liquid Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativusl)” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.97-100 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/97-100.pdf

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Mono Nanofluids: Review on Current Status, Challenges and Future Prospects

Ibeh, Stanley .C, M. B. Ndaliman, Ugwoha Ezedimbu, James Audu, Okoro C. Anthony, Emeka Osther, Abdulganiyu .L. Yusuf, Ugwu .C. Lawrence, Attahiru Illiyasu March 2021 Page No.: 101-111

Advancement in the area of technology, industrial application demands effective, efficient and successful heat transfer application. Nanofluids are proven potential heat transfer fluids with heighten thermo physical properties and heat transfer performance. In this paper, a comprehensive review on the current status, applications and challenges associated with the use of nanofluids have been evaluated and presented in the study. Authors also critically examined and identified research gaps for further research directions. The comprehensive study and assessment are essential to be carried out to ensure maxima utilization of nanofluid as new and potential heat transfer fluid.

DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6302

  •  Page(s): 101-111
  •  Date of Publication: 04 May 2021
  •  Ibeh, Stanley .C
    Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna-Niger State, Nigeria
  •  M. B. Ndaliman
    Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna-Niger State, Nigeria
    Federal University of Technology, Minna-Niger State, Nigeria
  •  Ugwoha Ezedimbu
    Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna-Niger State, Nigeria
  •  James Audu
    Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna-Niger State, Nigeria
  •  Okoro C. Anthony
    Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna-Niger State, Nigeria
  •  Emeka Osther
    Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna-Niger State, Nigeria
  •  Abdulganiyu .L. Yusuf
    Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna-Niger State, Nigeria
  •  Ugwu .C. Lawrence
    Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna-Niger State, Nigeria
  •  Attahiru Illiyasu
    Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna-Niger State, Nigeria

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Ibeh, Stanley .C, M. B. Ndaliman, Ugwoha Ezedimbu, James Audu, Okoro C. Anthony, Emeka Osther, Abdulganiyu .L. Yusuf, Ugwu .C. Lawrence, Attahiru Illiyasu “Mono Nanofluids: Review on Current Status, Challenges and Future Prospects” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.101-111 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6302

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Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Raw Meat from Different Locations in Ado-Ekiti

Oluwatobi, F. B., Stephen-Amzat, B. and Fabulous-Fabowale, T. A March 2021 Page No.: 112-116

Raw meat is any type of uncooked muscle tissue of an animal used as food. Meat is a complex niche that has chemical and physical characteristics that support plethora of microorganisms’ growth. Eighteen (18) samples of fresh and spoilt meat (beef, mutton and chicken) were randomly collected from three (3) different locations in Ado-Ekiti metropolis. Samples were analysed for bacteriological contamination using standard Microbiological methods. Associated pathogenic bacteria recovered from the isolated raw meat samples include Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus mirabilis with percentage occurrence of 24.2%, 17.7%, 16.1%, 12.9%, 12.9%, 11.3% and 4.9% respectively. The mean aerobic plate count in order of 106 (cfu/mL) was high for spoilt raw meat (Mutton) samples at 1.46 than 1.40 reportedfor fresh raw meat (Mutton) samples.

  •  Page(s): 112-116
  •  Date of Publication: 04 May 2021
  •  Oluwatobi, F. B.
    Department of Science Technology (Microbiology Unit), Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 5351, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
  •  Stephen-Amzat, B.
    Department of Science Technology (Microbiology Unit), Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 5351, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
  •  Fabulous-Fabowale, T. A
    Department of Science Technology (Microbiology Unit), Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 5351, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Ajiboye, E. A., Sani, A., Adedayo, R. M., Kolawole, M. O. and Oladosu, O. T. (2011). Physicochemical properties and microorganisms isolated from dried meat obtained in Oja-Oba market in Ilorin, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2 (4):391-400.
[2] Bello, O.O., Bello, T. K., Amolegbe, O. A. and Sanwo, S. A. (2016). Bacteriological assessment of raw meats sold in Lagos, Nigeria. Scientia, 16(1):20-25.
[3] Falegan, C. R., Akoja, S. O. and Oyarekua, M. A. (2017). Microbiological assessment of suya (sliced roasted beef) in Ado-Ekiti Metropolis, Ekiti State, Nigeria. MOJ Biological Medicine 2(3):266-269.
[4] Finley, R., Reid-Smith, R. and Ribble, C. (2008): The occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonellae isolated from commercially available canine raw food diets in three Canadian cities. Zoonoses Public Health; 55: 462-469.
[5] Forrest, J. C., Aberle, D. E., Gerrard, W. E., Mills, H. B., Hedrick, M.D., Judge, R. A. and Merkel (2001). The Principles of Meat Science. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company: U.S. 4th Edition.
[6] Iroha, I. R., Ugbo, E. C., Ilang, D. C., Oji, A. E. and Ayogu, T. E. (2011). Bacterial contamination of raw meat sold in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 3(2), pp. 49-53.
[7] LeJeune, J. T. and Hancock, D. D. (2001): Public health concerns associated with feeding raw meat diets to dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc; 219; 1222-1225.
[8] Moshood, A. Y., Tengku, H. A., Tengku, A. H. and Ibrahim, H. (2012). Isolation and Identification ofbacteria associated with Balangu (roasted meat product) sold in Bauchi, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy. 2(6):38-48
[9] Odey, M. O., Mboso, E. O., Ujong, U. P., Johnson, J. T., Gauje, B. and Ategwu, M. A. (2013). Microflora analysis of selected meat and meat products from Calabar, cross river state–Nigeria. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res 5(3):50-56.
[10] Orpin, J. B., Mzungu, I. and Osuj, C. G. (2018). Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Associated with Suya (Roasted Meat Product) Sold in Dutsinma Local Government Area, Kastina State. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology. 20(2): 1-8. Article no.JABB.34736 ISSN: 2394-1081
[11] Prakash, M., Perumal, P. and Jegadeesh, K. D. (2012): Molecular characterization of plasmid mediated ESBL resistant Salmonella isolated from poultry environment in Namakkal district (India). Adv Biotech.; 12: 2.
[12] Wasley, A. (2018): “‘Dirty meat’: Shocking hygiene failings discovered in US pig and chicken plants”. The Guardian.
[13] Yagoub, S. O. (2009): Isolation of Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas species from raw fish sold in fish market in Khartoum State. Journal of Bacteriological Research; 1(7):85-88.

Oluwatobi, F. B., Stephen-Amzat, B. and Fabulous-Fabowale, T. A “Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Raw Meat from Different Locations in Ado-Ekiti” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.112-116 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/112-116.pdf

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On Cosets in Split Extensions of Hypercomplex Numbers

Musyoka David Mwanzia, Lydia Njuguna March 2021 Page No.: 117-125

This paper focuses on the study of some properties of cosets in split extensions of hypercomplex numbers. It is well known that if G is a group and H its subgroup, the cosets of the subgroup H form a partition of the group G. However, this property does not generally hold for loops. This study aims at constructing cyclic subloops of the split extensions of hypercomplex numbers and the corresponding cosets arising from them. It is then shown that the cosets of a cyclic subloop form a partition of the split extension loop i.e. any two right or left cosets of a cyclic subloop are either disjoint or identical. The study uses the Cayley-Dickson and Jonathan Smith doubling processes to construct multiplication tables for the split extensions of hypercomplex numbers. Nim addition is also used to give a general way of generating cyclic subloops and the cosets arising from them. In Loop Theory, only when S is a normal subloop of Lwill the left and right cosets of S coincide, these cosets form a loopL/Scalled the quotient or factor loop whose multiplication is defined by (a∙S)∙(b∙S)=(a∙b)∙S, ∀ a,b∈L. In this workwe use cyclic normal subloops of split extensions of hypercomplex numbers to construct quotient loops, and show that the multiplication of the elements in the quotient loop formed can also be carried out by considering the Nim addition of the subscripts of the individual elements. The complex split extension forms a group and hence it remains trivial to work on the same. Though the authors have also carried out the same process on the sedenion split extensions, the present paper focusesmainly on the quaternion and octonion split extension.

  •  Page(s): 117-125
  •  Date of Publication: 05 May 2021
  •  Musyoka David Mwanzia
    Kenyatta University
  •  Lydia Njuguna
    Kenyatta University

References

 

[1] Drapal A., Griggs T. S. (2016). On Cosets in Steiner Loops.Buletinul Academiei de Stiinte Number 1(80), Pages, 118-124.
[2] Kimeu A. N. (2008). Some Properties of Hypercomplex Number Basal Elements. Kenyatta University: Nairobi. Kenya.
[3] Kinyon M, Pula K and Vojtechovsky P. (2012). Incidence Properties of Cosets in Loops. J. Combin. Designs 20, 179-197.
[4] Kivunge B. M. (2004). Sedenion extension loops and frames of hypercomplex 2n-ons. Ph. D. Thesis: Iowa State University.
[5] Macharia D. K. (2008). Some Loop Properties of Sedenions. Kenyatta University.
[6] Magero F.B. (2007). Split Extensions of Complex Numbers, Quaternions and Octonion Basis. Kenyatta University: Nairobi, Kenya.
[7] Masila J. M. (2015). The Walsh Functions Obtained from the Frame Multiplication of General Hypercomplex Numbers. Kenyatta University: Nairobi.
[8] Njuguna L. N. (2012). Investigating Sedenion Extension Loops and Frames of Hypercomplex Numbers. Ph. D Thesis: Kenyatta University.
[9] Smith, J. D. H. (1995). A Left Loop on the 15-sphere. Journal of Algebra 176, 135.
[10] Smith, W. D. (2004). Quarternions, Octonions, and now, 16-ons and 2
n-ons; New kinds of numbers. 1.

Musyoka David Mwanzia, Lydia Njuguna “On Cosets in Split Extensions of Hypercomplex Numbers” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.117-125 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/117-125.pdf

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On the Exponential Diophantine Equation (M3)p+(M5)q=r2

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar March 2021 Page No.: 126-127

Nowadays, researchers are very interested to determine the solution of different Diophantine equations because these equations have many applications in the field of coordinate geometry, trigonometry and applied algebra. These equations help us for finding the integer solution of famous Pythagoras theorem. Finding the solution of Diophantine equations have many challenges for scholars due to absence of generalize methods. In the present paper, authors discussed the exponential Diophantine equation (M3)p+(M5)q=r2, where p,q,r are whole numbers, M3 and M5 are Mersenne primes, for existence of its solution.

  •  Page(s): 126-127
  •  Date of Publication: 05 May 2021
  •  Sudhanshu Aggarwal
    Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National Post Graduate College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India
  •  Sanjay Kumar
    Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, M. S. College, Saharanpur-247001, U.P., India

References

 

[1]. Acu, D. (2007) On a Diophantine equation 2^x+5^y=z^2, General Mathematics, 15(4), 145-148.
[2]. Kumar, S., Gupta, S. and Kishan, H. (2018) On the non-linear Diophantine equations 〖61〗^x+〖67〗^y=z^2 and 〖67〗^x+〖73〗^y=z^2, Annals of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 18(1), 91-94.
[3]. Kumar, S., Gupta, D. and Kishan, H. (2018) On the non-linear Diophantine equations 〖31〗^x+〖41〗^y=z^2 and 〖61〗^x+〖71〗^y=z^2, Annals of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 18(2), 185-188.
[4]. Mordell, L.J. (1969) Diophantine equations, Academic Press, London, New York.
[5]. Rabago, J.F.T. (2013) On an open problem by B. Sroysang, Konuralp Journal of Mathematics, 1(2), 30-32.
[6]. Sierpinski, W. (1988) Elementary theory of numbers, 2nd edition, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
[7]. Sroysang, B. (2012) More on the Diophantine equation 8^x+〖19〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 81(4), 601-604.
[8]. Sroysang, B. (2014) On the Diophantine equation 8^x+〖13〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 90(1), 69-72.
[9]. Sroysang, B. (2012) On the Diophantine equation 〖31〗^x+〖32〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 81(4), 609-612.
[10]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Vyas, A. (2020) On the existence of solution of Diophantine equation 〖181〗^x+〖199〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, 9 (8), 85-86.
[11]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Singhal, H. (2020) On the Diophantine equation 〖223〗^x+〖241〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 5 (8), 155-156.
[12]. Thomas Koshy (2007) Elementary number theory with applications, 2nd edition, Academic Press, Amsterdam; Boston.

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar “On the Exponential Diophantine Equation (M3)p+(M5)q=r2” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.126-127 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/126-127.pdf

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On The Exponential Diophantine Equation (192m )+(6γ+1)n=ρ2

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar March 2021 Page No.: 128-130

The family of Diophantine equations is divided into two categories (linear Diophantine equations and non-linear Diophantine equations). Diophantine equations are very useful for determining the solutions of many puzzle problems. In the present paper, authors studied the exponential Diophantine equation (192m )+(6γ+1)n=ρ2, where m,n,γ,ρ are whole numbers, for determining its solution in whole number. Results show that the exponential Diophantine equation (192m )+(6γ+1)n=ρ2, where m,n,γ,ρ are whole numbers, has no solution in whole number.

  •  Page(s): 128-130
  •  Date of Publication: 05 May 2021
  •  Sudhanshu Aggarwal
    Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National Post Graduate College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India
  •  Sanjay Kumar
    Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, M. S. College, Saharanpur-247001, U.P., India

References

 

[1]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Singhal, H. (2020) On the Diophantine equation 〖223〗^x+〖241〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 5 (8), 155-156. [2]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Vyas, A. (2020) On the existence of solution of Diophantine equation 〖181〗^x+〖199〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, 9 (8), 85-86. [3]. Bhatnagar, K. and Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the exponential Diophantine equation 〖421〗^p+〖439〗^q=r^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 128-129. [4]. Gupta, D. and Kumar, S. (2020) On the solutions of exponential Diophantine equation n^x+〖(n+3m)〗^y=z^2k, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 74-77. [5]. Kumar, A., Chaudhary, L. and Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the exponential Diophantine equation 〖601〗^p+〖619〗^q=r^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 29-30. [6]. Kumar, S., Gupta, S. and Kishan, H. (2018) On the non-linear Diophantine equations 〖61〗^x+〖67〗^y=z^2 and 〖67〗^x+〖73〗^y=z^2, Annals of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 18(1), 91-94. [7]. Kumar, S., Gupta, D. and Kishan, H. (2018) On the non-linear Diophantine equations 〖31〗^x+〖41〗^y=z^2 and 〖61〗^x+〖71〗^y=z^2, Annals of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 18(2), 185-188. [8]. Mishra, R., Aggarwal, S. And Kumar, A. (2020) On the existence of solution of Diophantine equation 〖211〗^α+〖229〗^β=γ^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 78-79. [9]. Mordell, L.J. (1969) Diophantine equations, Academic Press, London, New York. [10]. Sierpinski, W. (1988) Elementary theory of numbers, 2nd edition, North-Holland, Amsterdam. [11]. Sroysang, B. (2012) More on the Diophantine equation 8^x+〖19〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 81(4), 601-604. [12]. Sroysang, B. (2012) On the Diophantine equation 〖31〗^x+〖32〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 81(4), 609-612. [13]. Sroysang, B. (2012) On the Diophantine equation 3^x+5^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 81(4), 605-608. [14]. Sroysang, B. (2014) On the Diophantine equation 8^x+〖13〗^y=z^2, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 90(1), 69-72. [15]. Goel, P., Bhatnagar, K. and Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the exponential Diophantine equation 〖M_5〗^p+〖M_7〗^q=r^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 170-171. [16]. Kumar, S., Bhatnagar, K., Kumar, A. and Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the exponential Diophantine equation (2^(2m+1)-1)+〖(6^(r+1)+1)〗^n=ω^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 183-184. [17]. Kumar, S., Bhatnagar, K., Kumar, N. and Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the exponential Diophantine equation (7^2m )+〖(6r+1)〗^n=z^2, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 14(4), 181-182. [18]. Aggarwal, S. and Sharma, N. (2020) On the non-linear Diophantine equation 〖379〗^x+〖397〗^y=z^2, Open Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 4(1), 397-399. DOI: 10.30538/oms2020.0129 [19]. Aggarwal, S. (2020) On the existence of solution of Diophantine equation 〖193〗^x+〖211〗^y=z^2, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 5(3&4), 1-2. [20]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Sharma, N. (2020) On the non-linear Diophantine equation 〖313〗^x+〖331〗^y=z^2, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 5(3&4), 3-5. [21]. Aggarwal, S., Sharma, S.D. and Chauhan, R. (2020) On the non-linear Diophantine equation 〖331〗^x+〖349〗^y=z^2, Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 5(3&4), 6-8.

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar, “On The Exponential Diophantine Equation (192m )+(6γ+1)n=ρ2” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.128-130 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/128-130.pdf

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Determination of Aflatoxin B1 and G1 in Fresh, Sun-dried, And Smoke-Dried Tilapia and African Catfish Marketed for Human Consumption in FCT-Abuja, Nigeria.

Sa’adatu Isa, Omeiza G.K. March 2021 Page No.: 131-135

Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites that contaminate food and have the potential of causing deleterious effects to humans and animals when consumed. This study determined and compared the occurrence of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxins G1 (AFG1) in fresh, sun-dried and smoked-dried African catfish and Tilapia sold in major markets in the FCT. Two hundred and sixty (260) fishes were sampled from 6 major markets in four Area Councils of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), for aflatoxin analysis using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Mycological examination for the presence of aflatoxigenic moulds was also determined. The mycological examination showed that 24.6% of the samples were contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Of these, 15.77% were aflatoxigenic. The aflatoxin B1 concentration ranged from 9.61 to 24.68 ng/g and that of AFG1 ranged from 7.68 to 10.57 ng/g.Means of storage and processing played a major role in aflatoxin contamination as observed in the high concentration in sun-dried fish (AFB1 – 24.68 ng/g; AFG1 – 10.57 ng/g) as compared to fresh (AFB1 – 9.61 ng/g; AFG1 – 7.68 ng/g)and smoke-dried (AFB1 – 13.75 ng/g; AFG1 – 9.02 mg/g) fishes.This study has shown that African catfish and Tilapia sold in major markets within the FCT were contaminated with aflatoxins. The occurrences and levels of AFB1 and AFG1 in the fish samples indicated a major problem in controlling invasion of fish with Aspergillus fungi and aflatoxins. The mean concentration of aflatoxin B1 in sun-dried fish observed in this study was higher than the maximum recommended level of 20μg/kg, indicating a potential risk of aflatoxin poisoning for consumers. Strategies to control aflatoxin exposure and its effects need to be implemented to prevent potential aflatoxicosis. Necessary infrastructure for fish processing and storage needs to be utilized to prevent contamination and the process monitored to ensure that there is absence of aflatoxigenic moulds or aflatoxins higher than the maximum allowable levels.

  •  Page(s): 131-135
  •  Date of Publication: 07 May 2021
  •  Sa’adatu Isa
    Veterinary Public Health, University of Abuja, Nigeria
  •  Omeiza G.K.
    Veterinary Public Health, University of Abuja, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Ahmed, A., Dodo, A., Bouba, A.M., Clement, S. and Dzudie, T. (2011). Influence of Traditional Drying and Smoke-Drying on the Quality of Three Fish Species (Tilapia nilotica, Silurusglanisand Arius parkii) from Lagdo Lake, Cameroon. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 10 (3): 301-306.
[2] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), (2015). Fisheries and Aquaculture. Fisheries and Aquaculture Country Profile, The Federal Republic of Nigeria. Available at www.f ao.org/fishery/facp/NGA/en.
[3] Abolagba, O. J. and Melle, O.O. (2008). Chemical composition and keeping qualities of a Scaly Fish Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Smoked with two Energy Sources. African Journal of Genetic Agriculture, 4(2):113-117.
[4] Adeyeye, S.A.O., Oyewole, O.B., Obadina, A. O., Omemu, A. M., Adeniran, O.E., Oyedele, H. A. and Abayomi, S.O. (2015). Quality and Safety Assessment of Traditional Smoked Fish from Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of Aquaculture, 5(15): 1-9.
[5] Ibhadon,S., Abdulasalami, M.S., Emere, M.C. and Yilwa, V. (2015). Comparative study of proximate, fatty and amino acids of wild and farm raised African catfish Clariasgariepinusin Kaduna, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 14(1): 56-61.
[6] Adelakun, K.M., Mustapha, M.K., Amali, R.P. and Mohammed, N. (2017). Seasonal variation in nutritional quality of catfish (Clariasgariepinus) from upper Jebba Basin, Nigeria. Journal of Nutrition and Food Science, 7: 622.
[7] Solomon, R.J. and Taruwa, S.M. (2011). The growth comparison of two catfishes (C. gariepinusand Heteroclarias). Nature and Science, 9(8):138 -148.
[8] Ayinla, O.A. (2007). Analysis of Feeds and Fertilizers for Sustainable Aquaculture Development in Nigeria.” In Study and Analysis of Feeds and Fertilizers for Sustainable Aquaculture Development, edited by Hasan, M. R., Hecht, T., De Silva, S. S., and Tacon, A. G. J. Rome: FAO, 453-470.
[9] Fallah, A. A., Rahnama M., Jafari, T. and Saei-Dehkordi, S.S. (2011). Seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 contamination in industrial and traditional Iranian dairy products. Food Control, 22: 1653–1656.
[10] Akise, O.G., Abolagba, O.J. and Eyong, M.M. (2013). Mycoflora of three fish species smoke-dried using rubber wood (HeveaBrasiliensis) in Nigeria. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3 (5):396-402.
[11] Russo, J.R. and Yanong, R.P.E. (2013). Molds in Fish Feeds and Aflatoxicosis1. Fact Sheet FA-95 School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, UF/IFAS Extension. Available from http:// edis.ifas.ufl.edu
[12] 12.Khlangwiset, P., Shephard, G. S. and Wu, F. (2011). Aflatoxins and growth impairment: a review. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 41 (9):740-755.
[13] Alinezhad, S.M., Tolouee, M., Kamalzadeh, A., Motalebi, A.A., Nazeri, M., Yasemi, M., et al. (2011). Myobiota and aflatoxin B1 contamination of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed with emphasis to Aspergillus section Flavi. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science, 10:363–374.
[14] Kensler, T.W., Roebuck, B.D., Wogan, G.N. and Groopman, J.D. (2011). Aflatoxin: a 50-year odyssey of mechanistic and translational toxicology. Toxicological Sciences, 120(1): 28-48.
[15] Almeida, I.F.M., Martins, H.M.L., Santos, S.M.O., Freitas, M.S., da Costa, J.M.G.N. and d’Almeida Bernardo F.M. (2011). Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in feed for farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchuslabrax). Toxins, 3: 163-171.
[16] Vaziryan, M., Banaee, M., Nematdoost H.B. and Mohiseni, M. (2017). Effects of dietary exposure to aflatoxins on some plasma biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, In Press.
[17] Mohapatra, S., Sahu, N.P., Pal, A.K., Prusty, A.K., Kumar, V. and Kumar, S. (2011). Haemato-immunology and histo-architectural changes in Labeorohita fingerlings: effect of dietary aflatoxin and mould inhibitor. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 37(1): 177-186.
[18] Mahfouz M.E. and Sherif A.H. (2015). A multiparameter investigation into adverse effects of aflatoxin on Oreochromis niloticus health status. Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 71:48–59.
[19] Salau, I.A., Shehu, K., Muhammad, S. and Umar, R.A. (2017). Determination of Aflatoxin levels in groundnut oils marketed in Sokoto State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 3(1): 051-054.
[20] Omeiza, G.K., Kabir, J., Kwaga, J.K.P., Kwanashie, C.N., Mwanza, M. and Ngoma, L. (2019). Aflatoxin risk in dairy production; assessment of dairy cattle feed contamination by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticusin both conventional and traditional dairies. Global Journal of Medical Research: Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine, 19(2):
[21] Sailaja, O., Krishnaveni, G. and Manoranjani, M. (2017).Identification and High-performance Liquid Chromatography Quantification of Aflatoxins in Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 11 (4): S933- S97.
[22] Sanders, E.R. (2012). Aseptic laboratory techniques: Plating methods. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2012(63): 3064.
[23] Bandh, S., Kamili, A. and Ganai, B.A. (2012). Identification of some Aspergillus species isolated from Dal Lake, Kashmir by traditional approach of morphological observation and culture. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 629(29):5824-5827
[24] Davis, N.D., Iyer, S.K. and Diener, U.L. (1987). Improved method of screening for aflatoxin with a coconut agar medium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 53: 1593 – 1595.
[25] Herzallah, M.S. (2009). Determination of aflatoxins in eggs, milk, meat and meat products using HPLC fluorescent and UV detectors. Food Chemistry, 114:1141-1146.
[26] Sa’adatu, A. J., Nura, S. and Muhammad, A. (2019). Assessment of Mycological Quality of Smoked African Catfish (Clariasgariepinus) Sold at Sabon-Gari Market, Kano Nigeria. Annals of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2(1): 13-18.
[27] Sani, F.M., Nasir, I.A. and Torhile, G. (2016). Mycological Evaluation of Smoked-Dried Fish Sold at Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria: Preliminary Findings and Potential Health Implications. European Journal of Health Sciences, 2: 5-10.
[28] Iqbal, Z. and Saleemi, S. (2013). Isolation of pathogenic fungi from fresh water and commercial fish catlacatla (Hamilton). Science International, 25:851-855.
[29] Santacroce, M.P., Conversano, M.C., Casalino, E., Lai, O., Zizzadoro, C. and Centoducati, G. (2008). Aflatoxins in aquatic species: metabolism, toxicity and perspectives. Review of Fish Biology and Fisheries, 18:99–130.

Sa’adatu Isa, Omeiza G.K., “Determination of Aflatoxin B1 and G1 in Fresh, Sun-dried, And Smoke-Dried Tilapia and African Catfish Marketed for Human Consumption in FCT-Abuja, Nigeria.” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.131-135 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/131-135.pdf

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Penjara Pudu: Demolished Prison of Dark Recollections

Izzul Hafiy Rosli, Roslina Abdul Latif March 2021 Page No.: 136-159

Penjara Pudu is one of the oldest buildings in Malaysia. If still standing, Pudu Prison or also known as Pudu Jail would have been 130 years old as of this year (2021). The historic building last held incarcerated individuals in 2007, was demolished in 2012 and was never declared a national heritage site. The purpose of the 3D Modelling is to let society know how Penjara Pudu looked like during its abandoned years after 2012 by using a video walkthrough covering the exterior only. In this study, the texture for the remodel used a displacement map to get more in depth of the textures used. Next, for the lighting, the sky dometesting proved to be the most suitable light to be used in this project. For the rendering process, offline rendering was used to produce the realism of the images in the highest standard. The remaining structure of Penjara Pudu has been captured throughout the site visit which was carried out on the 11th of March 2020. The design and analysis for this 3D mock-up prototype of the whole exterior structure was recreated using polygons and Maya software. By the end of this project, society can now see how Penjara Pudu looked like during its abandoned stage and simultaneously increase their acknowledgement to support our heritage, no matter how dark the recollections.

DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6303

  •  Page(s): 136-159
  •  Date of Publication: 07 May 2021
  •  Izzul Hafiy Rosli
    Taylors University, Malaysia
  •  Roslina Abdul Latif
    Taylors University, Malaysia

References

 

[1]. Azhar, K. (2020). An alternative for 20-years-old abandoned Plaza Rakyat project isto ‘leave it as is’, says FT Minister. Retrieved from Edge weekly: https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/alternative-20yearold-abandoned-plaza-rakyat-project-leave-it-it-says-ft-minister [2]. Foucault, M. (1984). Foucault: A Reader. Rabinow, P. (Ed.), New York: Pantheon. [3]. Graham, S. and Marvin, S. (2001). Splintered Urbanism: Networked infrastructures, technological mobilities and the urban condition. New York: Routledge. [4]. Halim, H. (2019). Fotojurnalisme SebagaiSeni. Journal of Applied Arts, 1(1). Retrieved fromhttps://journal.scientiaca.org/index.php/Jappa/article/view/26 [5]. Inishah. (2011). Di SebalikTiraiBesi. Retrieved from YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGdG6ztLFdY [6]. Isa, M. (2006). Pudu Jail Conservation Statement. Retrieved fromhttps://www.scribd.com/doc/19287424/Pudu-Jail-Conservation-Statement [7]. Ismail, K. A. (2014). Pudu Jail’s Graffiti: Beyond the prison cells. A thesis submitted to Plymouth University in partial fulfilment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY, School of Architecture and Design Environment September 2014 [8]. Jessop, R. (2000). The rise of the national spatio-temporal fix and the tendential ecological dominance of globalising capitalism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24 (2), 333-360. [9]. Kheyfets, A. L. & Vasilieva, V. N. (2017). 3D Modeling as Method for Construction and Analysis of Graphic Objects. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 262 (1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/262/1/012104 [10]. Koeva, M. (2017). Investigation of 3D Modelling Techniques. 3D Modelling and Web-based Visualisation of Cultural Heritage. February, 25–27. [11]. Palamar, T. (2014).Mastering Autodesk Maya 2014: Autodesk Official Press. Wiley & Sons Copyright. [12]. SIM, J. (2016). THE GRIPPING STORY OF THE PRISONERS WHO TOOK OVER PUDU JAIL IN 1986. Retrieved fromHTTPS://CILISOS.MY/THE-GRIPPING-STORY-OF-THE-PRISONERS-WHO-TOOK-OVER-PUDU-JAIL-IN-1986/ [13]. Taylor, P. (1994). The state as container: Territoriality in the modern world-system. Progress in Human Geography, 18 (2), 151-162. [14]. The Purposes of Punishment. (n.d). Retrieved fromhttps://open.lib.umn.edu/criminallaw/chapter/1-5-the-purposes-of-punishment/ [15]. Wilayah, A. (2009). Pudu Prison. Retrieved from Anak Wilayah: https://anakwilayah.wordpress.com/2009/12/08/pudu-prison penjara-pudu/

Izzul Hafiy Rosli, Roslina Abdul Latif “Penjara Pudu: Demolished Prison of Dark Recollections” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.136-159 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6303

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Ectoparasites Associated with the Nile Squeaker (Synodontis schall) from Otuogori River in Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Chinonye O. Ezenwaka and Chidinma C. Amuzie March 2021 Page No.: 160-162

The Nile Squeaker, Synodontis schall, is one of the valuable fish food for the inhabitants of Otuogori community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This study investigated the ectoparasites associated with Synodontis schall from Otuogori River, Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A total of 40 Samples were examined following standard laboratory techniques for ectoparasites in the skin, gill, eyes and fin. Result of this study showed that out of the 40 fishes examined, 1 (2.5%) was infected. Female fish sample with actual length ranging from 15-19.9 cm was the only infected sample with 50% prevalence. The only infected fish weighed between 50-100g. The parasites recovered were found in the skin, gills, eyes and fin, and included Trichodina species, Chilodenella species and Gyrodactylus species. Trichodina species was the most abundant parasite, recovered from the eyes, gills and skin while Chilodenella species and Gyrodactylus species appeared once in the skin and fin, respectively. However, to eliminate the risk of zoonosis, fish consumed should be properly washed with clean water and cooked. Further study on the physicochemical parameters of the river should be conducted in order to ascertain their impact on the prevalence of ectoparasites of fishes.

  •  Page(s): 160-162
  •  Date of Publication: 08 May 2021
  •  Chinonye O. Ezenwaka
    Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
  •  Chidinma C. Amuzie
    Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Steffens, W., (2006). Freshwater fish– wholesome foodstuffs. Bulgaria Journal of Agricultural Science, 12: 320-328.
[2] Teugels, G. G., (1996). Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of catfishes (Ostariophysi, Siluroidei): An overview. Aquatic Living Resources, 9: 9-34.
[3] Araoye, P. A., (2004). The Head-Body weight and Head-body length relatioinship of Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in Asa Dam Ilorin, Nigeria. In proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference. Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Ilorin, Nigeria, 29th November to 3rd December, 2004. Editor : Araoye, P. A., pp. 288-291.
[4] Sterud, E., Simolin, P., and Kvellested, A., (2003). Infection by Pervcapsula sp. (Myxozoa) is associated with mortality in Sea caged Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, in northern Norway. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 54(3): 259-63.
[5] Ekanem, A. P., Eyo, V. O., Udoh, P. J., and Okon, J. A., (2014). Endo parasites of landed fish from Nsidung beach, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 3(6): 810-817.
[6] [6] Olofintoye, L. K., (2006). Parasite fauna in some freshwater fish species in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 5(4): 359-362.
[7] Ekanem, A. P., Eyo, V. O., and Sampson, A. F., (2011). Parasites of landed fish from Great Kwa River, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 3(12): 225-230.
[8] Ekanem, A. P., Eyo, V. O., Ekpo, I. E., and Bassey, B. O., (2013). Parasites of Blue Crab (Callinectes amnicola) in the Cross River Estuary, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 1(1): 18-21.
[9] Eyo, V. O., Edet, T. A., and Ekanem, A. P., (2015). Monogenean parasites of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus cultured in Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 3(6): 930-934.
[10] Fischer, W., Blanchi, G., and Scott, W. B., (1981). FAQ species identification sheets for fishery area 7, Canada found in trust Ottawa, Canada by arrangement with FAQ, pp: 34- 47.
[11] Eyo, J. E., Iyaji, F. O., and Obiekezie, A. I., (2013). Parasitic infestation of Synodontis batensoda (Rüppell, 1832, Siluriformes, Mockokidae) at Rivers Niger-Benue Confluence, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12 (20): 3029-3039.
[12] Olaosebikan, B. D., and Raji, A., (1998). Field guide to Nigerian Freshwater fishes. National Institute of Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR), New Bussa, Nigeria, 102p.
[13] Mohamed, S. M. G., Nadia, B. M., Eman, M. M., and Emad, E. E., (2017). Prevalence of some ectoparasitic diseases in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at Kafr El-Sheikh governorate. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 5(3): 576-583.
[14] Ogonna, C. A., Emmanuel, I. N., and Michael, D. A., (2017). Survey of ectoparasites of cultured fish from selected farms in Ebonyi State: Potential for food and nutrient security. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Bioscience, 4(7):1-6.
[15] Eyo, Victor O. and Effanga, Emmanuel O. (2018). Ectoparasitic infestation of the Nile Squeaker, Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from the Cross River Estuary, Nigeria. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 6(1): 37-43.
[16] Fitriani, E. N., Rozi, A. M., and Suprapto, H., (2019). Prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in gabus fish (Channa striata) at Cangkringan Fishery Cultivation Technology Development Center, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Earth and Environmental Science, 236: 012095.
[17] Marcogliese, D. J., (2002). Parasites of fishes in fresh water. Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN), Parasitology Module Steering Committee, Parasitology Section, Canadian Society of Zoologists. http:/www.eman.rese.ca/eman/ecotools/protocols/freshwater/parasites/intro.htm. 2002. Accessed on 20th June, 2009.

Chinonye O. Ezenwaka and Chidinma C. Amuzie “Ectoparasites Associated with the Nile Squeaker (Synodontis schall) from Otuogori River in Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.160-162 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/160-162.pdf

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Effect of Physics anxiety on Academic performance of Physics education Students in Federal university of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State

Atsuwe, B.A, Chagga.A. Makama March 2021 Page No.: 163-168

This research is on the effect of physics anxiety on the academic performance of physics education students in Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State. The researcher used descriptive survey design to carry out this research. The purpose of the study was to determine if there is physics anxiety among students of physics education in Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, determine the factors that cause physics anxiety among the students, and to examine the relationship between physics anxiety and academic performance of the same students of physics education in Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi. The work used both primary and secondary sources of data. The total population of the studies is 2000 students and the researcher used stratified random sampling to determine the sample size and the sample size was 400. Therefore, 400 Copies of questionnaire were administered but only 300 were recovered and analyzed. The researcher used chi-square statistical tool to analyses the hypothesis. Findings revealed that, there was physics anxiety among physics education students of federal university of agriculture, Makurdi and stress, fear, family background are some of the causes of anxiety in physics. There is a significant relationship between physics anxiety and students’ academic performance in Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State which means students with negative anxiety will perform poorly compared to students with positive anxiety. Based on the findings of this study the following were recommended, the university should provide the students with adequate facilities to enable effective learning of physics, students should feel free to express themselves so that the teacher will know their anxiety level and help to reduce it, the university should provide more lecture venues in order to reduce over population which can also cause anxiety, physics teachers should be motivated properly for effective teaching and students should improve on their study habit in order to boost their academic performance.

  •  Page(s): 163-168
  •  Date of Publication: 12 May 2021
  •  Atsuwe, B.A
    Department of Science Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
  •  Chagga.A. Makama
    College of Agricultural and Science Education, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Afolayan, J., Donald, B., Onasoga, O., A.A. and A., A. 2013.Relationship between anxiety and academic performance ofnursing students, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research, 4(5),pp.25-33.
[2] Aronin, S., Smith, M., Aronin, S. and Smith, M. 2018. YouGov| One in four students suffer from mental health problems.(online) YouGov: What the world thinks. Availableat:https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/08/09/quarter-britainsstudents-are-afflicted-mental-hea/ (Accessed 19 Mar.2018).
[3] Bandelow B, Michaelis S. 2015. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in ClinicalNeuroscience.17 (3):327-335.
[4] DordiNejad, F. G., Hakimi, H., Ashouri, M., Dehghani, M., Zeinali, Z., Daghighi, M. S.,andBahrami, N. (2011).On the relationship between test anxiety and academic performance.Procardia Social and BehavioralSciences 15 (2011) 3774-3778.
[5] Hashempour, S. and Mehrad, A. 2014. The Effect of Anxiety and Emotional Intelligence on Students’ Learning Process.Journal of Education & Social Policy, 1(2), pp.115-119.
[6] Huberty, T.J. 2012. Test and performance anxiety.Principal Leadership, 10: 12-16. Retrieved from http:// www.Nasponline.Org.
[7] Maharajan, M., Rajiah, K., Tam, A., Chaw, S., Ang, M. andYong, M. 2017. Pharmacy students’ anxiety towardsresearch during their undergraduate degree; How to reduce it?PLOS ONE, 12(4), p.e0176095.
[8] Mtitu, E. A. (2014). Learner-centred teaching in Tanzania: Geography teachers’ perceptions and experiences.Victoria University of Wellington.
[9] Rajiah, K. and Saravanan, C. 2014. The Effectiveness ofPsychoeducation and Systematic Desensitization to Reduce Test Anxiety among First-year Pharmacy Students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 78(9), p.163.
[10] Şahin, M. (2014). The relationship between pre-service teachers’ physics anxiety and demographic variables.Journal of Baltic science Education,13(2), 201-215.
[11] Singh, D. 2015. The Impact of Anxiety on Academic Achievement of U.G. Students.American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 12(2), pp.116-119.
[12] Spielberger, C. D. Conceptual and methodological issues in anxiety research. In C. D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety: current trends in theory and research (Vol. 2), (pp.481-493). NY: Academic Press.
[13] Vitasari, P., Wahab, M. N. A., Othman, A., Herawan, T., &Sinnadurai, S. K. (2010). The relationship betweenstudy anxiety and academic performance among engineering students.Procardia Social and BehavioralSciences 8 490-497. International Conference on Mathematics Education Research 2010 (ICMER 2010).
[14] Vytal, K., Cornwell, B., Letkiewicz, A., Arkin, N. and Grillon,C. 2013. The complex interaction between anxiety and cognition: insight from spatial and verbal working memory.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7.

Atsuwe, B.A, Chagga.A. Makama, “Effect of Physics anxiety on Academic performance of Physics education Students in Federal university of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.163-168 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/163-168.pdf

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Comparison of the Experimental and predicting Data of Drying Characteristics of Cocoa Pod Using Cabinet Dryer at Different Temperature

Adeosun, Y.M, Koyenikan, O.O, and Lasisi, M.O March 2021 Page No.: 169-173

Cocoa pod husks serve as potential sources of disease transmission in cocoa farms when it is not properly handled, Therefore, quick-drying is essential to prevent deterioration. This study evaluated the drying characteristics of cocoa pod husk as affected by drying at different temperatures 700C, 800C and 900C and the effect of the drying system. This was achieved by developing a mathematical model in a cabinet dryer.The change in moisture content of the cocoa pod husk was monitored at regular intervals of 30min until the moisture content of the sample became constant. The result shows that the drying rates were higher for the highest temperature (90oC) used in this experiment and decreases with the decrease in dry air temperatures.The model was then validated with the data obtained from the cabinet dryer and there was no significant difference between the experimental drying rate and predicted values at 5%level significance. Midili kucuk (0.989 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.998) and Hii et al (0.983 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.996,) models were selected as the best model for predicting the drying characteristics of cocoa pod.

DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6304

  •  Page(s): 169-173
  •  Date of Publication: 15 May 2021
  •  Adeosun, Y.M
    Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
  •  Koyenikan, O.O
    Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
  •  Lasisi, M.O
    Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Vriesmann, L.C.; Amboni, R.D.d.M.C. and de-Oliveira, C. L., (2011). Cacao pod husks (Theobromacacao L.): composition and hot-water-soluble pectins, Indian Crop Production. 34, 1173–1181.
[2] Barnes, A.R.; Amega, W.K.; Manu, M. and Rhule, T. (1985). Utilization of cocoa husk meal by growing-finishing pigs. Proceedings of 9th International Cocoa Research Conference, Lome, Togo, pp:449-454.
[3] Agyente-Badu, K. and Oddoye E.O.K. (2005). Uses of cocoa by-products. Proceedings of 24th Biennial Conference of Ghana Science Association, University of Ghana, Legon, pp: 115-127.
[4] Laconi, E.B. and Jayanegara, A. (2015). Improving the nutritional quality of cocoa pod (Theobroma cacao) through chemical and biological treatments for ruminant feeding: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 28 (3), 343-350.
[5] Aregheore, E. (2002). Chemical evaluation and digestibility of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) byproducts fed to goats, Tropical Animal Health Production. 34, 339–348.
[6] Forero-Nuñez, C.; Jochum, J. and Sierra F. (2015). Effect of particle size and addition of cocoa pod husk on the properties of sawdust and coal pellets, Ing. Invest. 35, 17–23.
[7] Sira E. P. (2015). Chocolate: Cocoa Byproducts Technology, Rheology, Styling, and Nutrition, Nova Science Publishers Inc., London, 2015.
[8] Mansur, D.; Tago, T.; Masuda, T. and Abimanyu, H. (2014). Conversion of cacao pod husks by pyrolysis and catalytic reaction to produce useful chemicals, Biomass Bioenergy. 66, 275–285.
[9] Oddoye, E.O.; Agyente-Badu, C.K. and Gyedu-Akoto, E. (2013). Cocoa and Its By-Products: identification and utilization. In: Watson R., Preedy V., Zibadi S. (Eds.) Chocolate in Health and Nutrition. Nutrition and Health, 7, 23-38. New York, Springer.
[10] Lopez, A. S.; Ferrrira, H.I.S.; Limosas, C.A. and Romeu, A.P. (1984). Present status of cocoa by-products utilization in Brazil. Reserve Theobroma, 14(4): 271-291.
[11] Alamu, O.J; Nwaokocha, C.N and Adunola, O. (2010). Design and construction of a domestic passive solar food dryer, Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 71-82.
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[13] Gunhan, T., Demir, V., Hancioglu, E., Hepbasli, A. (2005). Mathematical modelling ofdrying of bay leaves. Energy Convers. Manage. 46, 1667–1679
[14] Kucuk, H.; Midilli, A.; Kilic, A. and Dincer, I. (2014). A review on thin-layer drying-curve equations. Drying Technology 32(7):757–73
[15] Erbay, Z. and Icier, F. (2010). A review of thin-layer drying of foods: theory, modelling, and experimental results. Crit Reserve Food Science Nutrient 50(5):441–64
[16] Akpinar, E. K., (2006a). Determination of suitable thin-layer drying curve model for some vegetables and fruits. Journal Food Engineering 73:75–84.
[17] Doymaz, I. (2007). The kinetics of forced convective air-drying of pumpkin slices. Journal Food Engineering 79:243–8
[18] Raquel, P. F.; Susana, P. and Maria, J. B. (2011). Study of the convective drying of pumpkin (Cucurbitamaxima). Food Bioproduct Process 89:422–8
[19] Duc, L. A.; Woong, H. J. and Hyuk, K. D. (2011). Thin-layer drying characteristics of rapeseed. Journal Stored Products Resources 47:32–8.
[20] Hashim, N.; Onwude, D. and Rahaman, E. (2014). A preliminary study: the kinetic model of drying process of pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata) in a convective hot air dryer. Agriculture Science Procedia 2(2):345–52.
[21] Jangam, S. V. and Mujumdar, A. S. (2010). Basic concepts and definition. In: Jangam SV, Law CL, Janisiewicz, W. J., Conway W. S. and Leverentz. B. (1999). Biological control of postharvest decays of apple can prevent the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple wounds.Journal of Food Protection. 62:1372-1375.
[22] Carrin, M. E. and Crapiste, G. H., (2008). Convective drying of foods. In: Ratti C, editor. Advances in food dehydration. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 123–152.
[23] Kaleemullah, S. and Kailappan, R. (2006). Modelling of thin-layer drying kinetics of red chilies. Journal of Food Engineering, 76 (4): 531-537
[24] Goyal, R. K.; kingsley, A. R. P.; Manikantan, M. R. and Ilyas, S. M. (2007). Mathematical modelling of thin-layer drying kinetics of plum in a tunnel dryer. Journal of Food Engineering, 79: 176-180
[25] Celma, A. R.; Rojas, S.; Lopez, F.; Montero, I., and Miranda, T. (2007). Thin-layer drying behaviour of sludge of olive oil extraction. Journal of Food Engineering, 80: 1261-1271
[26] Sogi, D. S., Shivahare, U.S., Garg, S.K and Bawa, S.A. (2003). Water sorption isotherms and drying characteristics of tomato seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 84(3): 297-301.
[27] Babalis, S. J.; Papanicolaou, E.; Kyriakis, N., and Belessiotis, V.G. (2006). Evaluation of thin-layer drying models for describing drying kinetics of figs (Ficus carica). Journal of Food Engineering, 75(2): 205-214
[28] Celma, A. R., Rojas, S. and Lopez-Rodrıguez, F.(2007). Mathematical modeling of thin-layer infrared drying of wet olive husk. Chemical Engineering and Processing 47: 1810–1818
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Adeosun, Y.M, Koyenikan, O.O, and Lasisi, M.O “Comparison of the Experimental and predicting Data of Drying Characteristics of Cocoa Pod Using Cabinet Dryer at Different Temperature” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.169-173 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6304

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The Assessment of Student Misconceptions of Newton’s Laws of Motion Using Force Concept Inventory Achievement Test among Undergraduates in Ondo State, Nigeria

Akinnubi R.T, Aramide J.O, Oladun C.E,Ipinlaye A.B, Osuporu B. I,and Ikusika A March 2021 Page No.: 174-178

The study was conducted to determine the assessment of students’ misconception of Newton’s Law of motion using Force Concept Inventory (FCI) achievement test in some selected tertiary institutions in Ondo State. A validated Force Concept Inventory (FCI), (r = 0.97) questionnaire was administered on 450 students in the selected tertiary institutions in the state. The data collected wereanalysed with mean, standard deviation and T-test Statistics at 5% level of significance. The findings revealedthat students like force as a topic despite their little exposure to experiments on Newton’s Third Law.The findings further revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean scores of pre-test and post-test performance in Force Concept Inventory(FCI) based on gender (T-value = 3.94, p<0.05). It was discovered that the male students performed better in force than female students. Also, there was a significant difference in the mean score of pre-test and post-test performance in Force Concept Inventory(FCI) based on school type (T- value = 6.70,p<0.05). It was discovered that private student performed better in the concept of force. Thisis, therefore, recommendation that there should be current information (data) or an idea on teacher conception of the concept of force and motion.

  •  Page(s): 174-178
  •  Date of Publication: 15 May 2021
  •  Akinnubi R.T
    Department of Physics, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria
  •  Aramide J.O
    Department of Physics, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria
  •  Oladun C.E
    Department of Physics, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria
  •  Ipinlaye A.B
    Department of Mathematics, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria
  •  Osuporu B. I
    Department of Physics, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria
  •  Ikusika A
    Department of Physics, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria

References

 

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Akinnubi R.T, Aramide J.O, Oladun C.E,Ipinlaye A.B, Osuporu B. I,and Ikusika A “The Assessment of Student Misconceptions of Newton’s Laws of Motion Using Force Concept Inventory Achievement Test among Undergraduates in Ondo State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.174-178 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/174-178.pdf

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Impact of National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on Rural Women: A case Study of Yelwa Na Farko in Mubi, Adamawa State-Nigeria

Dr. Japhet E. Yerima, Hasiya Salihu, Hamisu Ali March 2021 Page No.: 179-183

This paper examines the impact of National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on Yelwa Na Farko Development Association in Mubi North Local Government Area, by looking at the contribution the NEEDS had made on the rural women in understanding their goals in term of self-reliance in the study area. This study used primary data collection from the respondents through the use of questionnaire and interview; two hundred and eighty questionnaires (280) were distributed and two hundred and fifty questionnaires (250) were successfully returned which recorded (89%) of returned. The study employed simple percentage to analyse the data collected. The result obtained depicts that there is serious discrimination, lack of sufficient capital among the rural women in the study area. The study recommends that; government should breach the gap of discrimination (gender equality) among the rural women, government should provide working capital for rural women and also government should include them in all their decision such as commercial activities, politics and awareness coaching among themselves.

  •  Page(s): 179-183
  •  Date of Publication: 15 May 2021
  •  Dr. Japhet E. Yerima
    Department of Political and Public Administration, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria
  •  Hasiya Salihu
    Department of Political and Public Administration, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria
  •  Hamisu Ali
    Department of Economics, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria

References

 

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Dr. Japhet E. Yerima, Hasiya Salihu, Hamisu Ali, “Impact of National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on Rural Women: A case Study of Yelwa Na Farko in Mubi, Adamawa State-Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 3 March 2021, pp.179-183 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue3/179-183.pdf

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