Volume IV Issue IV - International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS)

Cottage Industry, Road Traffic Commercial and Residential Noise Survey of Obio- Akpo, Rivers State Nigeria

NTE, F.U – April 2019 Page No.: 01-05

The issue of noise standards has been of controversy because of associate penalties and economic interest. This paper seeks to look at the various standards as it relates to our practical field realities using the cottage industries as A the road traffic source as B, the commercial and market scenarios as C, and The residential and coastal environments as D. The study discovered a great interphase between the four on the issues of the minimum or ambient noise level which is taken as control but variance at the peak noise level which is taken as maximum in the respective blocks. This has a range of 45-65 dBA at the residential “D”, 57-72 at the commercial centres “C”, 55, 85 dBA at the road traffic “B” and 55 to 95 at the cottage industries, “A”, in reverse order. Particularly the use of generators and pneumatic hand tools for cutting and drilling. The range exceeded the WHO standard for most instances. The details are shown in table 3.0, and 4.0 5.0, 6.0 ± results. While fig 1.0, shows the regression scatter plots. We recommend that the Nigerian 90 dBA FEPA standard be revisited by sub- dividing into the four block system for credibility, and uniformity, based on thr reduced field data by this study in the four blocks.

Page(s): 01-05

Date of Publication: 17 April 2019

NTE, F.U
Environmental Physics; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

References

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NTE, F.U “Cottage Industry, Road Traffic Commercial and Residential Noise Survey of Obio- Akpo, Rivers State Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.01-05 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/01-05.pdf

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The impact of Government Involvement on Financial Deepening in Nigeria

Mayor, A. and Mayuku, J. G. – April 2019 Page No.: 06-09

This study investigates government involvement on financial deepening in Nigeria. Financial deepening involves the mobilization of idle funds or credit to the private sector which is expected to boast investment and the improve the economy. The study considered four different administration experienced by the forth republic in Nigeria from 1999-2017. They are namely; Chief Olusegun Obasanjo administration, Umaru Musa Yar’adua administration, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan administration and the Muhammadu Buhari admistartion. The statistical tool used in the study was the Kruskal Wallis test. The findings of the study revealed that the Muhammadu Buhari administration recorded the highest mean rank of 16.17 followed by Umaru Yaradua with mean rank of 14.17, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan with mean rank of 13.5 and Chief Olusegun Obasanjo administration with a mean rank of 5. The result obtained in table 3 found a Chi-square value of 13.94 and a p-value of 0.003 which falls on the rejection region of the hypothesis.

Page(s): 06-09

Date of Publication: 17 April 2019

Mayor, A.
Department of Statistics, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
Mayuku, J. G.
Department of Social Science, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria

References

[1]. Cooray, A. (2011). The role of the government in financial sector development. Economic Modelling, 28 (3): 928-938.
[2]. Igwe, A., Edeh, C. E. and Ukpere, W. I. (2014). Financial Deepening and Economic Growth In Nigeria (1981-2012): A Managerial Economic Perspective. Risk governance & control: financial markets & institutions, 4(4): 120-131.
[3]. Ijeoma, N., Aronu, C. O. (2013). Effect of Human Resource Accounting (HRA) on Financial Statement of Nigerian Banks. International Journal of Advancement in Research & Technology, 2(8): 342-347.
[4]. Karimo, T. M. and Ogbonna, O. E. (2017). Financial deepening and economic growth nexus in Nigeria: Supply-leading or demand-following?, Economies MDPI, Basel, 5(1): 1-18.
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[8]. Okoli, M. N. (2014). Evaluating The Nexus Between Financial Deepening And Stock Market In Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 8(15): 18-29.
[9]. Sindani, M. (2013). The Impact Of Financial Sector Deepening On Economic Growth In Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences and Project Planning Management, 1(1): 1-23.

Mayor, A. and Mayuku, J. G., “The impact of Government Involvement on Financial Deepening in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.06-09 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/06-09.pdf

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Intellectual Earthing System

Namdeo K. Jadhav, Ankush D. Deshmukh, Somnath K. Somase, Vivek D. Aher, Prof. Nitesh Kumar – April 2019 Page No.: 10-11

This system used to maintaining and controlling earth resistance. The earth resistance is maintained by controlling moisture of earth using moisture sensor. The main component of the proposed earthing system is intellectual earthing kit which limits the leakage current. If the fault current is excessive than the conventional earthing capacity then controller circuit sense this excessive current and divert this leakage current into intellectual earthing kit. Soil moisture sensor senses the moisture of the soil and gives data to the micro-controller. If moisture decreases microcontroller operates solenoid valve through opto-isolator and water supplied to soil.

Page(s): 10-11

Date of Publication: 20 April 2019

Namdeo K. Jadhav
MET’s Institute of Engineering, BKC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Ankush D. Deshmukh
MET’s Institute of Engineering, BKC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Somnath K. Somase
MET’s Institute of Engineering, BKC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Vivek D. Aher
MET’s Institute of Engineering, BKC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Prof. Nitesh Kumar
MET’s Institute of Engineering, BKC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India

References

[1]. Convectional earthing system analysis, https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/books-and-guides/schneider-electric/earthing-systems
[2]. design calculation of earth electrode, https://cds.cern.ch/record/436415/files/st-2000-053.doc
[3]. Microcontroller and soil moisture sensor, https://microcontrollerslab.com/soil-moisture-sensor-pic-microcontroller

Namdeo K. Jadhav, Ankush D. Deshmukh, Somnath K. Somase, Vivek D. Aher, Prof. Nitesh Kumar “Intellectual Earthing System” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.10-11 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/10-11.pdf

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Intelligent Security System for Defence

Tushar Sonar, Vaishali Ahire, Amol Ghumre, Jeevansingh Golwal, Dr. D. P. Kadam – April 2019 – Page No.: 12-13

this project is designed to enhance the border security. The security is enhanced by electronically with the help of automation. With the use of this system the work load on the solders is reduced to the greater extent. This project reduces the Human efforts on the border. The strangers or terrorist entering into the territory are identified easily.

Page(s): 12-13

Date of Publication: 20 April 2019

Tushar Sonar
B.E., Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, MET’s Institute of Engineering, BKC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Vaishali Ahire
B.E., Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, MET’s Institute of Engineering, BKC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Amol Ghumre
B.E., Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, MET’s Institute of Engineering, BKC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Jeevansingh Golwal
B.E., Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, MET’s Institute of Engineering, BKC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Dr. D. P. Kadam
B.E., Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, MET’s Institute of Engineering, BKC, Nashik, Maharashtra, India

References

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[8]. “Detecting border intrusion using wireless sensor network and artificial neural network”, Ashish mishra, komalsudan, hamdysoliman, Department of computer science and engineering, New mexico tech Socorro, new mexico, usa

Tushar Sonar, Vaishali Ahire, Amol Ghumre, Jeevansingh Golwal, Dr. D. P. Kadam “Intelligent Security System for Defence” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.12-13 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/12-13.pdf

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Medical Image Compression Using the Hybrid of Lempel ZIV Welch (LZW) and Huffman Algorithms

Ipeayeda Funmilola Wumi and Binuyo Adeyemi O. – April 2019 – Page No.: 14-19

In recent years the development and demand of multimedia products has grown increasingly fast, contributing to insufficient bandwidth of network and storage of memory device. Therefore, the theory of data compression becomes more and more significant for reducing the data redundancy to save more hardware space and transmission bandwidth. This paper explains the compression of medical images losslessly using the hybrid of two algorithms which are Lempel Ziv Welch (LZW) algorithm and Huffman algorithm. Compression in general is very useful because it helps reduce the consumption of expensive resources such as hard disk space and transmission bandwidth. In this work, Matrix laboratory (MATLAB) which is both a programming language and also a programming environment was used to carry out the coding. Conclusively, the lossless image compression is the best because there was no visible loss of quality in the image. It compresses brain images and computed tomography (CT) images losslessly. For further studies, it is recommended that this software should be imbibed into a patient management system in other to keep records of the images and utilize the fast transmission benefit.

Page(s): 14-19

Date of Publication: 24 April 2019

Ipeayeda Funmilola Wumi
Department of Computer Science and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State Nigeria
Binuyo Adeyemi O.
Department of Computer Science and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State Nigeria

References

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Ipeayeda Funmilola Wumi and Binuyo Adeyemi O. “Medical Image Compression Using the Hybrid of Lempel ZIV Welch (LZW) and Huffman Algorithms” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.14-19 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/14-19.pdf

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The Impact of Fraud Management Activities on Organization Survival in Nigeria

Omokaro, B. E. and Ikpere, O. C. – April 2019 Page No.: 20-27

This study examined the impact of fraud management activities on organizational survival in Nigeria. The study used the primary source of data collection through the use of a well structured questionnaire which was administered to 270 respondents. The Wilcoxon test for related samples was used to analyze the data obtained in the study. The findings of this study revealed that the major measures of fraud management in Nigeria are deterrence measures, prevention measures, detection measures, mitigation measures, analysis measures, investigation measures and prosecution measures. It was found that the measures of fraud management have significant impact on fraud management in Nigeria with a Wilcoxon test value of 55.00 and a p-value of 0.00 which is less than α=0.05. The study identified deterrence measures, prevention measures, detection measures, mitigation measures, analysis measures, investigation measures and prosecution measures as the major fraud management activities in Nigeria. The findings showed that there is need for effective implementation of fraud management activities in organizations in Nigeria since a Wilcoxon test value of 66.00 and a p-value of 0.08 which is greater than α=0.05. This result implies that effective implementation of fraud management activities in the organizations does not significantly impact on fraud management in the organizations. Further findings showed that the response of the study indicated a very high degree of internal reliability with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 92.5%.

Page(s): 20-27

Date of Publication: 24 April 2019

Omokaro, B. E.
Department of Statistics, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
Ikpere, O. C.
Department of Statistics, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria

References

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Omokaro, B. E. and Ikpere, O. C. “The Impact of Fraud Management Activities on Organization Survival in Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.20-27 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/20-27.pdf

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Effect of Intellectual Capital on Performance of Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria

Nnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka, Okolo, Marvis Ndu, Emeka-Nwokeji, N. A. (Ph.D) – April 2019 Page No.: 28-38

The study investigates the effect of intellectual capital on performance of non-financial firms in Nigeria. A sample of 21 Nigerian non-financial firms listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange for a period of 10 years (from 2007-2016) was selected. The main type of data used in this study is secondary; sourced from the Nigerian stock exchange fact book and internet. This study applied ex post facto research design. The data collected were analysed using Ordinary Least Square Method. The results show that for the Nigerian listed non-financial firms, the explanatory variables – capital employed efficiency, human capital efficiency and structural capital efficiency has positive significant effect on the dependent variable – earnings per share and market to book value (Performance). The study, therefore recommends among others that the organization can achieve sustainable value with investment on intellectual capital and with focusing on intellectual capital; they can move from the economy based on the tangible assets towards economy based on the intangible assets.

Page(s): 28-38

Date of Publication: 26 April 2019

Nnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka
Department of Accountancy, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Okolo, Marvis Ndu
Department of Accountancy, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria.
Emeka-Nwokeji, N. A. (Ph.D)
Department of Accountancy, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.

References

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Nnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka, Okolo, Marvis Ndu, Emeka-Nwokeji, N. A. (Ph.D) “Effect of Intellectual Capital on Performance of Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.28-38 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/28-38.pdf

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Performance Evaluation of Avacado Pear Seed Activated Carbon on Iron Removal from Tap Water in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Erewari Ukoha-Onuoha, Ololade M. Olatunji, Christiana M. Ekpo, Akeem A. Owolabi – April 2019 – Page No.: 39-43

The optimum performance of activated carbon prepared from Avocado Pear seed for the removal of iron from tap water without chemical pretreatment was investigated. Avacado Pear seed chars activated with phosphoric, nitric and sulphuric acids of varying concentrations were used in batch adsorption test with tap water of 0.2mg/l iron content. Iron removal efficiency was explained in relation to iodine number and carbon yield. Carbon yield showed linearity with acid concentration for the three different acids used but no linearity was observed with iron removal efficiency. Char activated with sulphuric acid showed linearity between iron removal efficiency and iodine number while phosphoric and nitric acid activated carbons did not show similar linearity. Chars activated with phosphoric acid gave the highest carbon yield while those of sulphuric acids gave the highest iodine numbers. Optimum iron removal was observed at similar concentration of 0.2M for all acid type used in this work. The iodine numbers and iron removal efficiencies of sulphuric, phosphoric and nitric acids at optimum concentration were 1713 and 94%; 1256 and 100%; and 1218 and 93% respectively. The outstanding performance of phosphoric acid activated char was attributed to high carbon yield and iron-phosphorus complexation. The results of this work concluded that iron removal efficiency from tap water is a function of both micropore content and surface functional groups hence, iodine number alone may not be a good indicator for activated carbon performance of iron removal efficiency.

Page(s): 39-43

Date of Publication: 02 May 2019

Erewari Ukoha-Onuoha
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Ololade M. Olatunji
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Christiana M. Ekpo
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Akeem A. Owolabi
Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

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Erewari Ukoha-Onuoha, Ololade M. Olatunji, Christiana M. Ekpo, Akeem A. Owolabi”Performance Evaluation of Avacado Pear Seed Activated Carbon on Iron Removal from Tap Water in Bayelsa State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.39-43 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/39-43.pdf

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Cultural, Morphological and Biochemical Identification of Xanthomonas Spp the Causative Agent of Bacteria Leaf Spot in Tomatoes in Wanguru, Mwea, Kirinyaga County, Kenya

Fredrick O. Ogolla, Daisy B. Neema – April 2019 – Page No.: 44-49

Bacteria diseases are major constraints in commercial agriculture. Bacteria diseases have continuously caused huge loss to both conventional and organic farming systems globally. Bacteria leaf spot is a tomato disease of concern whose management remains a challenge across the globe. The pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria the causative agent of leaf spot in tomato has been isolated and positively identified in many countries to enable control. In Kenya, tomato farmers have experienced losses associated with bacterial diseases despite using available control strategies. Application of control mechanisms by majority of farmers heavily rely on symptoms on plants other than laboratory facts on pathogen identification. As such wrong chemicals have been applied which have led to development of resistance due to pathogen evolution. Scientific identification of pathogen is necessary to enable application of accurate and effective management strategy. Nonetheless, this has scarcely been done for tomato bacteria diseases in Kenya. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria leaf spot pathogen of tomato from Wanguru area in Mwea, Kirinyaga county in Kenya using nutrient agar, differential staining and selected biochemical methods. A total of ten tomato heavily infected leaves were selected randomly from different farms. The colonies were generally yellow on the surface of nutrient agar. Results of differential staining showed gram negative rods while biochemical tests slightly varied. Based on totality of cultural, morphological and biochemical tests results, we concluded that Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria is responsible for leaf spot tomato disease in Wanguru. However, we recommend the inclusion of molecular tool for proper identification.

Page(s): 44-49

Date of Publication: 02 May 2019

Fredrick O. Ogolla
Chuka University, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya
Daisy B. Neema
Chuka University, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya

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Fredrick O. Ogolla, Daisy B. Neema “Cultural, Morphological and Biochemical Identification of Xanthomonas Spp the Causative Agent of Bacteria Leaf Spot in Tomatoes in Wanguru, Mwea, Kirinyaga County, Kenya ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.44-49 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/44-49.pdf

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Analysis of Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Bore Holes and Well Water in Kuje, Kuje Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria

Jibrin Noah Akoji – April 2019 Page No.: 50-55

The quality of borehole and well waters from six locations in Kuje area council, (Kuchiyako, Angwar sanyi, Angwar gede, Sauka extension, Bayan town hall and Gudaba) in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja was assessed by undertaking their physical, chemical and microbiological analyses. The risk involved in the everyday uses of these water sources by the residents of these villages was assessed using odour, colour, pH, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, acidity, total dissolved solids (TDSs), total suspended solids (TSS), hardness, BOD, elemental composition (manganese, iron, lead and Cadmium), chloride, nitrate, phosphate, Sulphide and total coliform. Results obtained showed that the average values for parameters like colour range, conductivity, TDS, hardness, chloride, nitrate, manganese, Cadmium, though may vary according to water sources and locations, all fall below permissible limits but values for others like iron, lead, pH and alkalinity exceed the permissible limit. The microbial growth for all the samples obtained is below detectable limit; therefore the water samples have minimal potential risk for microbial pathogens. The water sample from these study areas are not suitable for drinking but can be used for other domestic purpose, such as laundry, washing etc.

Page(s): 50-55

Date of Publication: 09 May 2019

Jibrin Noah Akoji
Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria

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Jibrin Noah Akoji “Analysis of Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Bore Holes and Well Water in Kuje, Kuje Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.50-55 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/50-55.pdf

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Role of Physical Activity in the Development of National Goals: Systematic Review

Prof. Edwin K. Wamukoya, Wangui Anthony Muchiri, Micky Olutende Oloo – April 2019 Page No.: 56-60

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) appears to be one of the most used buzzwords when it comes to viable means to improve health and prevent diseases across all age groups. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. The Sustainable Development Goals build on decades of work by countries and the United Nations, including the Affairs. The term sport describes another subset of Physical Activity and means that exercises are performed in a specialized and organized form in order to improve competitive performance. The paper seeks to review literature on PA, exercise and wellness in its contribution to SDG, MDG and the Kenyan context of the Big Four Agenda. Methodology; A systematic literature searchwas performed in the following electronic reference databases: PubMed/ MEDLINE, IFLA Library, ProQuest and IJSR all publications up to March 2019. The searched term composed of: ‘physical activity’, ‘wellness’, ‘exercise’, ‘Sustainable development goal’, ‘vision 2030; Inclusion and exclusion; The studies included are related to the physical activity, wellness, exercise, ‘Sustainable development goal and vision 2030 about the various aspects of primary health care and particularly Preventive medicine and the Big Four Agenda of the Kenya Government. Exclusion: studies that did not report (or provide) sufficient information about SDGs or Millennium Development Goals; not focus on health-related goals and not using Physical activity or sport to achieve the above. Results; 87 articles were Identified through the systematic literature search; 69 titles and abstracts were identified after the exclusion of 18 duplicated articles. 20 studies were excluded because not fulfil the criteria of health-related goal finally 63 studies were excluded and at last six studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis as it met the inclusion criteria.Discussion; Regular physical activity exerts beneficial effects and prevents the progression of a number of chronic diseases, Due to both the health, economic, and social benefits of physical activity as well as the high costs of inactivity, which include increases in obesity and diabetes, and the increasing age of populations, several countries have implemented national initiatives to promote physical activity. Insufficient physical activity is one of the leading risk factors for death worldwide. World Health Organisation developed the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020. Conclusion; All stakeholders should embrace the use of PA, exercise and wellness to improve the SDGs, MDGs and Vision 2030 and the ‘Big Four Agenda’ in Kenya. Recommendations; PA should be emphasized in the school’s curriculum and companies including the government agencies to improve PA participation, wellness programs and health related aspects of sport.

Page(s): 56-60

Date of Publication: 11 May 2019

Prof. Edwin K. Wamukoya
Department of Health Promotion and Sport Science, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
Wangui Anthony Muchiri
Department of Health Promotion and Sport Science, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
Micky Olutende Oloo
Department of Health Promotion and Sport Science, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya

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Prof. Edwin K. Wamukoya, Wangui Anthony Muchiri, Micky Olutende Oloo “Role of Physical Activity in the Development of National Goals: Systematic Review” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.56-60 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/56-60.pdf

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Effects of Partial, Combined and Total Replacement of Sodium Chloride in Beef Sausage on Microbial Load, Sensory Acceptability and Physical Properties

Olusegun D. Oshibanjo, Oyedapo Folasade and Odion O. Ikhimiukor – April 2019 Page No.: 61-67

This study evaluates the effects of partial, combined or total replacement of NaCl on microbial load, sensory evaluation and physical properties of beef sausage. Beef sausage was prepared (g/100g: beef 65.0, corn flour 10.0, oil 10.0, soya bean, wet and dry spice 15.0). Sodium chloride (SC) was replaced with potassium chloride (PC), potassium lactate (PL) or calcium ascorbate (CA) at 25%, 50% and 100%, and then stored for 15 days in a factorial arrangement in complete randomized design. Sausages were subjected to microbial load, sensory evaluation and pH, cooking yield and cooking loss using standard procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA at α0.05. The microbial load was generally lower. The pH increased with storage time. The cooking yield was significantly higher in salt combination of 50% SC and CA each at storage day 5 with least cooking loss at same storage day. The most preferred sausage colour was obtained with a salt combination of 50% SC and CA each with least colour in a salt combination of 50% SC, 25% PL and). In tenderness, a salt combination of 50% of both SC and CA was significantly tender with least tenderness in 100% PL total replacement. The panelists rated salt combination of 50% SC and CA as the most overall accepted salt combination than others salt combination. Sodium chloride replacement with Calcium Ascorbate at 50% enhanced the most preferred sausage for overall acceptability and aerobic bacteria count lower than the international standard limit.

Page(s): 61-67

Date of Publication: 11 May 2019

Olusegun D. Oshibanjo
Department of Animal Production, University of Jos, Jos Plateau state, Nigeria
Oyedapo Folasade
Department of Animal Production, University of Jos, Jos Plateau state, Nigeria
Odion O. Ikhimiukor
Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo state, Nigeria

References

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[9]. Oshibanjo, D. O. (2017). Yield and quality characteristics of breakfast sausage prepared with different dietary flours, salts and oils. PhD thesis, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo.
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Olusegun D. Oshibanjo, Oyedapo Folasade and Odion O. Ikhimiukor “Effects of Partial, Combined and Total Replacement of Sodium Chloride in Beef Sausage on Microbial Load, Sensory Acceptability and Physical Properties ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.61-67 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/61-67.pdf

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Prediction of Optimum Propeller Diameter Basing on Analysis of Existing Vessels for Tugboats Design

Stephen Chidozie Duru, Emmanuel Munakurogha Adegio – April 2019 – Page No.: 68-79

A regression analysis basing on data collected from 386 different tug boats of the world was carried out. This resulted in 51 reliable equations on which the optimum propeller diameter of tugboats can be determined at the early design stage of the vessels. These regression equations published here are based on propeller diameter of the existing tugboats on one hand and the principal dimensions and other important factors of the vessels on the other hand. Microsoft EXCEL add-in software is used for the numerous regression analysis from which the published equations are selected. The bases for the selecting of the equations are their respective coefficients of regression values R2 which must be equal to or greater than 0.80. A compalative and validatory calculation is presented using these equations to determine the optimum propeller diameter for two tug boats. When the propeller optimum diameter is known at the early design stage, the designer will design the preopeller aperture and wake better innorder to achieve higher propulsion efficiency as well as avoid cavitation.

Page(s): 68-79

Date of Publication: 11 May 2019

Stephen Chidozie Duru
Department of Marine Engineering, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Emmanuel Munakurogha Adegio
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

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Stephen Chidozie Duru, Emmanuel Munakurogha Adegio “Prediction of Optimum Propeller Diameter Basing on Analysis of Existing Vessels for Tugboats Design” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.68-79 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/68-79.pdf

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Mathematical Modeling of Path Loss of Electromagnetic Signal at Very High Frequency Band Using Parabolic Equation

Aremu Olaosebikan Akanni, Olayiwola Adekunle Folorunso, Anie Nicholas Oliseloke, Ajao Olatunji Samson – April 2019 Page No.: 80-84

Path loss prediction plays a vital role in link budget analysis and in cell coverage prediction of radio system. In this work, the formalism of parabolic and Erickson models have been investigated as a method for calculating the radio propagation path loss and the results were compared with those obtained in measurement campaign. For comparative analysis, the field measurement data were taken in under G area, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso (8. 1227oN, 4.2436oE).A portable RF spectrum analyzer was used to capture the signal strength from the radio station operated at VHF band. The results shows that Erickson model overestimates the measured path loss with root mean square error (RMSE) 21.10 dBm while parabolic equation model was in good agreement with measured path loss having RMSE 10.90 dBm which is within the acceptable international standard value for urban area. It was also noted that parabolic equation has a lower spread correlation error with mean value 8.6654 dBm while Erickson model has higher correlation with average value 20.0085 dBm. For an accurate measurement in this environment, a new mathematical model for predicting path loss in this region is developed.

Page(s): 80-84

Date of Publication: 13 May 2019

Page(s): 80-84

Date of Publication: 13 May 2019

Page(s): 80-84

Date of Publication: 13 May 2019

Page(s): 80-84

Date of Publication: 13 May 2019

Page(s): 80-84

Date of Publication: 13 May 2019

Effect of Pleurotusostreatus on Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L (Moench))

Imafidor, H.O, Nzeako, S.O, Amadi, M.C – April 2019 – Page No.: 85-89

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Pleurotusostreatus and its biocontrol efficacy against Meloidogyne spp., in okra cultivar; Kirikou F1.The Bearman’s funnel extraction technique was used to extract nematodes while the Potato dextrose agar medium was used to culture the biocontrol agent. Seedlings of Okra cultivar; Kirikou F1 were nurtured in steam sterilized soil mixture of 1:1 loam and sand and were infected with 500; 1000; 1500 and 2000eggs/juveniles of Meloidogyne spp., The complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replicates was adopted for the study. The experiment consisted of all possible combination of individual, concomitant and sequential inoculations of P. ostreatus and Melodoigyne spp. Nematode reproductive potential and other growth parameters; plant height (cm), root weight (g), stem girth (cm) and gall index were assessed in the 2nd, 4th, 6thand 8th weeks after inoculation (WAI). Results indicated that the introduction of 10gP.ostreatus to Meloidogyne spp., infested soil improved the fresh root weight of the seedlings, reduced the galling index and nematode population and had best effect on the growth parameters of okra plants as compared to the controls. It can be concluded that the fungus P. ostreatus cultivation can process the components of the plant material to some compounds with less harm to plant and more nematicidal effects.

Page(s): 85-89

Date of Publication: 14 May 2019

Imafidor, H.O
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Nzeako, S.O
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Amadi, M.C
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

References

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[13]. Mamiro D.P., Mamiro P.S.(2011). Yield and mushroom size of Pleurotusostreatus grown on rice straw basal substrate mixed and supplemented with various crop residues. Journal of Animal and Plant Science ;10:1211–1218
[14]. Palizi, P., Goltapeh, E., Pourjam E and Safaie,N (2009). Potential of Oyster Mushrooms for the Biocontrol of Sugar Beet Nematode (HeteroderaSchachtii).Journal of plant protection rsearch: (1). Pp.49
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Imafidor, H.O, Nzeako, S.O, Amadi, M.C “Effect of Pleurotusostreatus on Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L (Moench))” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.85-89 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/85-89.pdf

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Groundwater of UVWIE Local Government Area and Environs, Delta State, Nigeria

Izeze, E.O & Uzokwe Chiemeke – April 2019 – Page No.: 90-100

Heavy Metal contamination of water is an issue of deep concern worldwide and as such the degree to which these metals may have contaminated the most valuable fresh water resource, “Ground water” must be summarily understood. Seventeen(17) Borehole and Uncased Well water samples were collected from various parts of Uvwie, Warri South and Sapelle Local Government Areas and analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry for six(6) heavy metals namely Manganese(Mn), Copper(Cu), Lead(Pb), Chromum(Cr), Arsenic(As) and Zinc(Zn). Upon comparison with NIS and WHO standards for drinking water, the results showed that though there were measurable concentrations of heavy metals in the ground water samples they were not high enough to pose a threat to human health. Nonetheless, the results were subjected to Statistical analysis using Descriptive methods; Principal component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA); a dendogram was also plotted to describe the degree of relationship between the heavy metal concentrations. Heavy metal concentration in the ground water within the study area was found to follow two major trends: Zn>Cu>Mn>Cr>Pb>As and Cu>Mn>Zn>Cr>Pb>As in Boreholes and Uncased Well water Samples respectively. Based on the concentration trends, PCA and CA, an anthropogenic source was inferred for Zn presumably from piping works not associated with the ground water system itself while Pb, Cu and Mn displayed a relationship in terms of origin in the groundwater.

Page(s): 90-100

Date of Publication: 15 May 2019

Izeze, E.O
Department of Earth Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria
Uzokwe Chiemeke
Department of Earth Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

References

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Izeze, E.O & Uzokwe Chiemeke “Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Groundwater of UVWIE Local Government Area and Environs, Delta State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 4 April 2019, pp.90-100 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue4/90-100.pdf

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