Volume IV Issue IX - International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS)

Effect of Etymology on Early Growth Performance of Dialium guineense. Wild and Biomass Accumulation

Haastrup N.O, Oladipo A.D, Agbajie O.J – September 2019 Page No.: 01-07

The development of seed and its biomass accumulations is subject to a highly complex and particular regulation mechanism, which brings into play both the yield and biological expectancy to each species. Effect of etymology on early growth performance and biomass accumulation of Dialium guineense was established in this study. The seeds were collected across four different locations viz: Lagos, Ogun, Anambra and Abuja. Their seeds were raised into seedlings and data was collected on growth performance and biomass accumulation. The results were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result of the leaf count indicated no significant differences (P≤0.05) throughout the 12 weeks of observation. There are significant differences in collar diameter for week 2, 4 and 8 while treatment four (T4) proved best. For leaf area there is significant difference on week 4, 6 and 8 while Treatment 1 (T1) had the highest value for week 4, 6 and 8 respectively. Wet root weight obtained shows significant difference (P<0.05) in week 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 while week 2 shows no significant difference respectively. Total dry root weight shows significant difference (P<0.05). The relationship between wet and dry biomass of D. guineense is an indication that there is positive linear relationship between the wet and dry biomass.

Page(s): 01-07

Date of Publication: 14 September 2019

Haastrup N.O
Ecologist, Department of Forest Conservation and Protection, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho, Ibadan, Nigeria
Oladipo A.D
Plant pathologist, Department of Forest Conservation and Protection, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho, Ibadan, Nigeria
Agbajie O.J
Forestry Department, Federal College of Forestry, Jos. Plateau State, Nigeria

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Haastrup N.O, Oladipo A.D, Agbajie O.J “Effect of Etymology on Early Growth Performance of Dialium guineense. Wild and Biomass Accumulation” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.01-07 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/01-07.pdf

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“Empirical Study on Human Resource & Spiritual Practice”

Dr. (Prof) Madhuri Sanap September 2019 Page No.: 08-11

Human Resource the board (HRM or HR) is the key way to deal with the viable administration of individuals in an organization or association to such an extent that they help their business increase an upper hand. It is intended to boost representative execution in administration of a business’ key goals. Human Resource the executives is principally worried about the administration of individuals inside associations, concentrating on approaches and frameworks. HR divisions are in charge of regulating worker advantages structure, representative enlistment, preparing and improvement, execution examination, and reward the executives, for example, overseeing pay and advantage frameworks. HR likewise worries about authoritative change and mechanical relations, or the offsetting of hierarchical practices with prerequisites emerging from aggregate bartering and legislative laws. One can without much of a stretch contend that setting up HR rehearses that treat individuals with pride, helping them develop in their insight, aptitudes and capacities (KSAs), and repaying them in a manner that gives security is a profound articulation of the elegance and love of God. This is high and sacred work, regardless of whether the chief isn’t an adherent of Jesus and does not have this otherworldly understanding. Through basic beauty God’s standards work notwithstanding when those included don’t have any acquaintance with him.

Page(s): 08-11

Date of Publication: 14 September 2019

Dr. (Prof) Madhuri Sanap
Assistant Professor (OB & HRM), Sasmira’s Institute of Management Studies & Research, Worli, Mumbai, India

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Dr. (Prof) Madhuri Sanap, ““Empirical Study on Human Resource & Spiritual Practice”” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.08-11 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/08-11.pdf

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Comparative Studies with Selected Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Single Factor Analysis of Variance of Locally Produced and Industrial Processed Sugar Products in Aqueous Medium

Olabimtan Olabode .H, Adesina Olalekan.B, Batari Musa.L, Ashade Noah .O, Musa Omale.P, Yahaya Yakubu, Opeyemi Adegboyo .O, Mshelia Suleman. S, Dahiru Ibrahim September 2019 Page No.: 12-16

Brown sugar as a product of sucrose crystals and molasses has presented some specific characteristics that significantly deviated from the refined white sugar. Identified physicochemical properties [Turbidity (T), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH and electrical conductivity (EC)] were adopted in comparing and assessing the properties of these two products in water. The statistical mean values of pH, EC, TDS, and T of the brown sugar (BS) serial solutions as supported by single-factor ANOVA are 7.72 (slightly alkaline), 0.672uS/cm, 431.8ppm and 167.8NTU respectively and for refined white sugar (WS), the mean values for pH, EC, TDS, and T are 6.98(Slightly acidic), 0.002uS/cm, 17.4ppm and 7.6NTU respectively. The significant differences between the brown sugar (BS) and the white refined sugar (WS) were directly estimated by the magnitudes of the statistical F values (F_stat), which has to be greater than the critical F values (F_crit) with respect to these four parameters. Fstat for pH, EC, TDS, and T are all greater than their respective F_crit as thus; pH [( F_stat > F_crit)=12.79439 > 5.317655], EC [( F_stat > F_crit)=21.40881 > 5.317655] , TDS [( F_stat > F_crit)=26.77300 > 5.317655] and T [( F_stat > F_crit)=21.31919 > 5.317655]. These outcomes explicitly revealed and confirmed the dissimilarities between these two sugar products. Hence, with recommendations to support the production, consumption, and applications of brown sugar against the white type.

Page(s): 12-16

Date of Publication: 16 September 2019

Olabimtan Olabode .H
Industrial and Environmental Pollution Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria.
Adesina Olalekan.B
Industrial and Environmental Pollution Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria.
Batari Musa.L
Scientific and Industrial Research Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria.
Ashade Noah .O
Research and Development, Outstation Coordination Department, National Research for Chemical Technology, Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Musa Omale.P
Department of Internal Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Yahaya Yakubu
Department of Applied Chemistry, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Opeyemi Adegboyo .O
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Mshelia Suleman. S
Department of Chemistry, Nigerian Army University Biu Borno state, Nigeria.
Dahiru Ibrahim
Scientific and Industrial Research Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria

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Olabimtan Olabode .H, Adesina Olalekan.B, Batari Musa.L, Ashade Noah .O, Musa Omale.P, Yahaya Yakubu, Opeyemi Adegboyo .O, Mshelia Suleman. S, Dahiru Ibrahim “Comparative Studies with Selected Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Single Factor Analysis of Variance of Locally Produced and Industrial Processed Sugar Products in Aqueous Medium” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.12-16 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/12-16.pdf

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In Vitro Susceptibility Study of Salmonella Spp. and Vibrio Cholerae to Crude Extracts of Euphorbia Kamerunica and Cola Gigantea

Ezema, James Nnabuike, Imanyikwa, Olaedo E. I., Dibua, Maria Esther and Kanife, Gerald O. September 2019 Page No.: 17-23

Treatment of Salmonella and Vibro spp with synthetic antibiotics have progressively declining efficacy due to resistances posed by the target organisms. This study seeks to investigate the susceptibility of these organisms to two age-long anti-diarrhea herbs: Euphorbia kamerunica and Cola gigantean. Vibrio cholerae and type cultures of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella arizona and Salmonella enterica were collected from the Microbiology Laboratory, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Euphorbia kamerunica succulents and Cola gigantea bark were collected from Neke-Oghe in Ezeagu L.G.A of Enugu State. The herbs were identified in the herbarium at the Botany Department of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Crude extracts of the herbs were made using n-hexane and hot water. Known concentrations of the extracts were used to test the sensitivity of the organisms. Gram-negative antibiotic discs were also used for comparison. Higher sensitivities of the organisms were observed with n-hexane extract of E. kamerunica (75%) and C. gigantea (54.2%) but lower sensitivity with their hot water equivalents: 0% and 25% for E. kamerunica and C. gigantea respectively. E. kamerunica was generally more inhibitive to the organisms than C. gigantea. The bactericidal effects were also more pronounced with the n-hexane extracts of the herbs. The organisms showed varied sensitivity to the antibiotics. Statistical analysis using t-test carried out to compare the herbal and antibiotic treatments indicated a significant difference with the hot water extracts of E. kamerunica and C. gigantea; t _cal > t _tab but no significant difference with the n-hexane extract of E. kamerunica; t _tab> t _cal.

Page(s): 17-23

Date of Publication: 16 September 2019

Ezema, James Nnabuike
Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
Imanyikwa, Olaedo E. I.
Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
Dibua, Maria Esther
Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Kanife, Gerald O.
Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

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Ezema, James Nnabuike, Imanyikwa, Olaedo E. I., Dibua, Maria Esther and Kanife, Gerald O. “In Vitro Susceptibility Study of Salmonella Spp. and Vibrio Cholerae to Crude Extracts of Euphorbia Kamerunica and Cola Gigantea ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.17-23 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/17-23.pdf

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Co(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of Ciprofloxacin Imine: Physicochemical and In-Vitro Biological Evaluation

T. I. Uzoigwe, A. A. Osunlaja, P. N. Ndahi, O.A.Wafudu, I. Dauda September 2019 Page No.: 24-29

Schiff base ligand (HL) derived from ciprofloxacin and 2-aminopyridine was successfully synthesized and complexed with cobalt(II) chloride and zinc(II) acetate. The characterization was done base on molar conductance, infrared and electronic spectra. ¹H NMR was also used for the ligands. The complexes were formed in moderate yields. The ligand and complexes are stable at room temperature. They are soluble in polar solvents (distilled water, ethanol and methanol) but slightly soluble in non-polar solvents (acetone, chloroform and n-hexane). The ligand has sharp melting point of 150 ⁰C while the range of those of the complexes indicate their purity. The molar conductivity measurements are in the range of 0.006-0.193 Scm²mol^-1indicating that the complexes are non-electrolytes. The percentage of the metals determined in the complexes are in close agreement with the theoretical values. Infrared spectra of the complexes agree with the coordination to the central metal atom through the nitrogen of the azomethine (C=N), pyridinium (azine) nitrogen hence the ligands are tridentate. The electronic spectra reveals the π-π* and n-π* transitions of the ligand while the ¹H-NMR spectra of the ligand suggests the formation of the azomethine bond. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of all the compounds at different concentrations was screened against four bacterial pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli and also on fungal strain; Aspergillusniger and Aspergillusfumigatus. The complexes showed better activity of antibacterial strain compared to the parent and control drug but no activity on fungal strain. This is an indication that the synthesized compounds have broad spectrum activity.

Page(s): 24-29

Date of Publication: 22 September 2019

T. I. Uzoigwe
University of Maiduguri, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section, Borno State, Nigeria
A. A. Osunlaja
Federal University Gashua, Department of Chemistry, Yobe State, Nigeria
P. N. Ndahi
University of Maiduguri, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section, Borno State, Nigeria
O.A. Wafudu
UniversitiTeknologi, 81310, Johor Bahru , Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Malaysia
I. Dauda
University of Maiduguri, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Section, Borno State, Nigeria

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T. I. Uzoigwe, A. A. Osunlaja, P. N. Ndahi, O.A.Wafudu, I. Dauda “Co(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of Ciprofloxacin Imine: Physicochemical and In-Vitro Biological Evaluation” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.24-29 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/24-29.pdf

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Modelling Chicken Production in Nigeria Using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Time Series Model

Lanrewaju Olumide Adekola, Opeyemi Olalekan Olatayo September 2019 Page No.: 30-35

This research work modeled chicken production in Nigeria using the least square approach as well as the univariate Box-Jenkins Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model method. The objective is to investigate the production trend and make logical forecast for poultry farmers to meet up with any future challenges that may arise due to the increase in demand for poultry meat. The maximum likelihood method of estimation was used to obtain the parameters of the fitted Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Yearly chicken production data for the period of 1961 to 2017 obtained from Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) was used to investigate the performance of the model. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test carried out to check for stationarity of the series shows that the original data was nonstationary and stationarity was attained after the first differencing. ARIMA (2, 1, 2) emerged as the best among other fitted models with Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value of 1168.42 and log likelihood 579.21. The optimum model is given by: X_t= ϕ₁X_t-1 + ϕ₂X_t-2 + θ₁e_t-1 + θ₂X_t-2 with estimated parameters ϕ₁= 0.3169, ϕ₂ = – 0.5005, θ₁= – 0.3948, θ₂ = 0.9377. Diagnostic checks via standardised residuals, ACF of residuals and p-values revealed that the model captures the data well enough. Forecast values for the year 2018 to 2023 were then obtained which show a considerable variation over the years. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model clearly performed excellently in studying the behavior of chicken production data and forecasting its future values.

Page(s): 30-35

Date of Publication: 22 September 2019

Lanrewaju Olumide Adekola
Department of Physical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria
Opeyemi Olalekan Olatayo
Department of Physical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria

References

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Lanrewaju Olumide Adekola, Opeyemi Olalekan Olatayo “Modelling Chicken Production in Nigeria Using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Time Series Model” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.30-35 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/30-35.pdf

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Variation of Plant Macronutrients in Sisal (agavesisalana) Leaves Biomass

Peter A.C. Echessa September 2019 Page No.: 36-40

Sisal growing is one of the key agricultural activities in Kenya. Sisal is a high waste generating plant as 97% of its leaves are a waste. Disposal of the waste generated has remained a challenge and are burned to ashes or used as landfills. They are hardly used in promoting plant growth despite their potential. Discarding the biomass arises from the fact that they are acidic and when used would burn crops! When composted however acidity reduces and so is a potential fertilizer. The study set out to determine levels of N, P, K and Ca in relatively young, old, smooth and thorn edged sisal leaf biomass. Sisal leaf samples were collected from farms in Lugari, western Kenya and used to generate sample wastes that were used in the laboratory analysis. Digested samples were subjected to standard procedures and methods: Kjeldhal (N), Spectrophotometry (P) and Photometry (K and Ca) to establish the levels. It was established that sisal leaf wastes analyzed had 1719.00±516.86 mg/100 g of nitrogen, 257.19±131.41 mg/100 g of phosphorous, 2154.94±471.45 mg/100 g potassium and 3419.20±1234.39 mg/100 g calcium. It was further noted that apart from nitrogen all other macronutrients were significantly higher in relatively young leaves compared to correspondingly older leaves. Both potassium and calcium were also significantly high in thorn edged leaf varieties compared to the smooth edged ones. It is hoped that results of this study will influence the disposal mechanism shifting it from the present methods to composting or otherwise that would enable their utilization in promoting plant growth.

Page(s): 36-40

Date of Publication: 26 September 2019

Peter A.C. Echessa
Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844 00100 GPO NAIROBI, KENYA

References

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Peter A.C. Echessa “Variation of Plant Macronutrients in Sisal (agavesisalana) Leaves Biomass” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.36-40 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/36-40.pdf

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Evaluation of Special Integrals with Differential Transform Method

Abayomi Samuel Oke, Folakemi M. Okafor, Victoria Adodo September 2019 Page No.: 41-43

Differential transform method (DTM) is established to be useful in evaluating some certain class of special integrals (Fresnel sine integral, Fresnel cosine integrals and error function). DTM is also employed in solving variable coefficient Airy equation. The Error function and Fresnel sine and cosine integrals were converted to recursive relations using differential transform method and then solved. The results converge to the exact solution. The DTM solution of Airy equation also converges to the solution obtained from Power series method.

Page(s): 41-43

Date of Publication: 26 September 2019

Abayomi Samuel Oke
Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Folakemi M. Okafor
National Mathematical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
Victoria Adodo
Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

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Abayomi Samuel Oke, Folakemi M. Okafor, Victoria Adodo “Evaluation of Special Integrals with Differential Transform Method” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.41-43 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/41-43.pdf

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Price Fluctuation of Cowpea in Taraba State, Nigeria

Joyce D. Moses, Jimjel Zalkuwi, Titus Joshua and Bashir H. Gabdo September 2019 Page No.: 44-51

The study was conducted to forecast future prices of cowpea in Taraba State, Nigeria. Secondary data were collected from the Agricultural Development Project (ADP) of Taraba State for a period of 5 years (2013-2017). Multistage and Purposive sampling techniques were used for selection of the study area. Dicky Fuller Test and Simple Exponential Smoothing Model were used to analyze the data. The unit root test analysis revealed that all the markets price series were non-stationary at level at 5% significant level, but became stationary after first difference at 5% significant level. The result of exponential smoothing revealed that the cowpea prices in Taraba State will be higher from September to November in the year 2018. It is recommended that an attempts should be made by governments, trade unions and non-Governmental organization to reduce excessive externality costs associated with the cowpea marketing in the states. This attempt will help to minimize the total variable cost and bring about insignificant price differential among cowpea markets in the states.

Page(s): 44-51

Date of Publication: 26 September 2019

Joyce D. Moses
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Jimjel Zalkuwi
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Titus Joshua
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Bashir H. Gabdo
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

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Joyce D. Moses, Jimjel Zalkuwi, Titus Joshua and Bashir H. Gabdo “Price Fluctuation of Cowpea in Taraba State, Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.44-51 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/44-51.pdf

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Characterization and Evaluation of Antifungal and Phytochemical Activities of Senna Didymobotrya Leave Extracts

John Muiru, Aloys Osano, Linda Mesoppirr and Bakari Chaka September 2019 Page No.: 52-59

Conventional antifungal agents are expensive with numerous side effects. Senna didymobotrya plants are known to possess antifungal potential as extensively used by the people of central Kenya in the treatment of ringworm (Tinea capitis)The main aim of this study was to analyze the most expound bioactive compounds present in this plant’s leaves crude extracts and determine its antifungal potency. Solvent extraction was done using water, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvents. The extracts were characterized for physical-chemical parameters, bio-metals, functional groups, phytochemicals and antifungal properties. Both water and methanol extracts were neutral while the rest of the extracts were slightly acidic. The extracts showed appreciable conductivities with methanol (123.05±2.88mS), water (73.43±34.85mS) and more solubility values at 25⁰C. The infrared spectra of the compounds indicated presence of carbonyl groups, alcohols, organometallic compounds and halides. All the S. didymobotrya leaves extracts contained essential bio-metals in considerable concentrations. Flavonoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids were the most pronounced phytochemicals present, especially in methanol and water extracts. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts had the highest of mycelial growth inhibitions in the leaves extracts, (16mm and 15mm respectively). In conclusion, water, methanol and chloroform extracts were found to be more suitable for medicinal applications.

Page(s): 52-59

Date of Publication: 27 September 2019

John Muiru
Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Kenya. P.O Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya.
Aloys Osano
The Centre for Innovation, New and Renewable Energy (CINRE) Department, Maasai mara university, Kenya. P.O Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya
Linda Mesoppirr
Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Kenya. P.O Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya.
Bakari Chaka
Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Kenya. P.O Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya.

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John Muiru, Aloys Osano, Linda Mesoppirr and Bakari Chaka “Characterization and Evaluation of Antifungal and Phytochemical Activities of Senna Didymobotrya Leave Extracts ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.52-59 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/52-59.pdf

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Effects of Green Bio-Catalysts and Ferric Oxide in Cryo-Mesophillic Temperature Biogas Production

Osano Aloys, Bakari Chaka September 2019 Page No.: 60-67

Biogas production at low temperature regimes is annoyingly slow and yields low biogas volumes. Most biogas supplements are expensive and substrate-specific. The effects of two bio-catalysts Saccharomyeces spp. and Acanthaceae spp. and an inorganic catalyst ferric oxide on biogas production using cow dung slurry was investigated. 1.5L batch anaerobic digester operating in unstirred cryo-mesophilic temperature regime of 20.0 -24.5 0C were utilized. The substrate underwent mild synergistic pre-treatment by steaming with 1% sodium hydroxide solution. The alkalinity and volatile acids of the substrates were insignificantly perturbed by inclusion of the additives. Additives Saccharomyeces spp. and Acanthaceae spp. stabilized digestion temperature while ferric oxide stabilized pH drifts. The overall biogas yields produced in the 100-day retention period were in the order of 4615ml (990.34ml/g-Volatile solids) for ferric oxide, 2335ml (494.08ml/g-Volatile solids) for Saccharomyeces spp., 1750ml (328.94ml/g-Volatile solids) for Acanthaceae spp. and 1030ml (212.37ml/g-Volatile solids) for the control sample. Use of these additives would thus optimize biogas production in cold countries.

Page(s): 60-67

Date of Publication: 27 September 2019

Osano Aloys
Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Kenya
Bakari Chaka
Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Kenya

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Osano Aloys, Bakari Chaka “Effects of Green Bio-Catalysts and Ferric Oxide in Cryo-Mesophillic Temperature Biogas Production” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.60-67 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/60-67.pdf

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Numerical Studies for Solving Third Order Ordinary Differential Equation

Ilejimi David O., I Mohammed, Raheem R.L and Uduak Obot G. September 2019 Page No.: 68-71

In this paper, the concept of Variational Iteration method(VIM) in solving third-order ordinary differential equations is considered. Some test problems were considered and a comparative study were carried with existing methodsbut a case study was the Modified Adomian Decomposition method (MADM). The third example is represented with on a graph and Error analysis was also plotted.From the chart, the convergence of the VIM was so rapid and involved only a few terms of the series and by far better than the MADM, Seven-Step Block method, Differential Transform method and Picard Iteration method.

Page(s): 68-71

Date of Publication: 29 September 2019

Ilejimi David O.
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
I Mohammed
Department of Mathematical Sciences, AbubakarTafawaBalewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Raheem R.L
African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Ghana
Uduak Obot G.
Inspire Paradigm Academy Yola, Nigeria

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Ilejimi David O., I Mohammed, Raheem R.L and Uduak Obot G. “Numerical Studies for Solving Third Order Ordinary Differential Equation ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.68-71 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/68-71.pdf

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Impact of Agricultural Sector on Nigeria’s Economic Growth Using Regression and Percentage Ratio Measure

Amaefula C. G September 2019 Page No.: 72-77

The study underscores the impact of agricultural sector on the economic growth of Nigeria. The yearly data sets on real gross domestic product (RGDP) and agricultural variables such as crop production (CP), livestock (LS), forestry (FO) and fishing (FI).covered the period of 1981to 2017. Applying multiple linear regression model and trend pattern of percentage ratio measure, the results showed that all the agricultural variable except CP have insignificant positive impact on RGDP and CP effect is significant under 1% level. And the trend pattern of percentage ratio measure showed that agricultural sector contributes positively to economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, government and stake holders in the agricultural sector should put more effort towards improving some sub-sectors such as fishery, forestry and livestock for a robust agricultural sector contribution to economic growth in Nigeria.

Page(s): 72-77

Date of Publication: 04 October 2019

Amaefula C. G
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

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Amaefula C. G “SImpact of Agricultural Sector on Nigeria’s Economic Growth Using Regression and Percentage Ratio Measure” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.72-77 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/72-77.pdf

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Effect of Profitability on Cash Holdings of Quoted Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria

Nnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka, Ofoegbu, Grace N. September 2019 Page No.: 78-85

The study examined the effect of profitability on cash holdings of quoted consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Sample of 20 Nigerian consumer goods firms listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange for a period of 14 years (from 2004-2017) was selected. The main type of data used in this study is secondary; sourced from the Nigerian stock exchange fact book. This study applied ex post facto research design. The data collected were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square Method. The results revealed that that return on assets positively influence consumer goods companies’ cash holdings, whereas earnings per share were found to have an insignificant impact on the cash holdings of consumer goods companies in Nigeria. The study, therefore recommends among others that, the Nigerian consumer goods firms should develop a good strategy for earning high returns from their assets since this has positive significant effect on cash holdings. The study also contributes to the literature on the factors that affect the corporate cash holdings.

Page(s): 78-85

Date of Publication: 05 October 2019

Nnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka
Department of Accountancy, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria
Ofoegbu, Grace N.
Department of Accountancy, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria

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Nnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka, Ofoegbu, Grace N. “Effect of Profitability on Cash Holdings of Quoted Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.78-85 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/78-85.pdf

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Analysis of Poverty and Income Inequality among Women Farmers in Song Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Madugu, A. J., Tiddy, S.A., Ali, F.M., T. Jashua and J. Luka – September 2019 Page No.: 86-89

The study examines the poverty status and income inequality among women farmers in Song Local Government area Adamawa State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 80 respondents using multi-stage, purposive and simple random sampling procedure. The Gini Coefficient and five point likert type rating scale were used as analytical tools.The results revealed that each household from lowest 2% do not owned any farm income annually on the other hand every household from upper 42.5% maintained an average of N 6,400 farm income yearly. This means that the uppermost 43.7% annual farm income is higher than equivalent value of the lowest. All descriptive results show existence of inequality in farm income distribution in the study area. The Lorenz curve shows a deviation from the line of perfect equality and the Gini-coefficient value of 0.622 also indicates the presence of high income inequality among the surveyed households in the area. Furthermore, the result of farmer’s perception towards poverty status and income inequality amongst rural women shows that farmers in the study area have positive and favourable attitude on income inequality. The study thus concluded that there is high percentage of inequality among rural women farmers in the study area and hence recommended that design of poverty reduction programmes should focus more on improving food production for the growing population through increased funding of agriculture and controlled food prices. It further emphasized that private- public partnership should be encouraged to promote growth in agriculture especially the production of food crops, and ensure their availability at cheaper market prices.

Page(s): 86-89

Date of Publication: 05 October 2019

Madugu, A. J.
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Tiddy, S.A.
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University, Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria
Ali, F.M.
Department of Agricultural Extension Services, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
T. Jashua
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Ali, F.M.
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

References

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Madugu, A. J., Tiddy, S.A., Ali, F.M., T. Jashua and J. Luka “Analysis of Poverty and Income Inequality among Women Farmers in Song Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.86-89 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/86-89.pdfNnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka, Ofoegbu, Grace N. “Effect of Profitability on Cash Holdings of Quoted Consumer Goods Companies in Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.78-85 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/78-85.pdf

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Factors Affecting Secondary School Students’ Academic Performance, Kenya

Obadiah Matolo Musau, Kelvin Omieno, Raphael Angulu September 2019 Page No.: 90-94

Student’s academic performance in learning environments is linked to several factors that include student demographics, educational background and other environmental variables. The purpose of this study was to identify the most influential factors that affect secondary school students’ KCSE performance in Kenya. The research is based on reviewed existing literature on students’ academic performance andsecondary school student’sdata collectedin Kenya through use of questionnaires.

Page(s): 90-94

Date of Publication: 07 October 2019

Obadiah Matolo Musau
School of Computing and Informatics, Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya
Kelvin Omieno
Department of Information Technology and Informatics, Kaimosi Friends University College, Kenya
Raphael Angulu
Department of Computer Science, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya

References

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[10] Ramaswami, M., & Bhaskaran, R. (2009). A Study on Feature Selection Techniques in Educational Data Mining. Journal of Computing, 1(1), 7-11.
[11] Sundar, P. P. (2013). A Comparative Study for Predicting Student’s Academic Performance Using Bayesian Network Classifiers. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) e-ISSN, 2250-3021.
[12] UNICEF, W. (2009). Abolishing School Fees in Africa: Lessons from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. Development Practice in Education.

Obadiah Matolo Musau, Kelvin Omieno, Raphael Angulu “Factors Affecting Secondary School Students’ Academic Performance, Kenya ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.90-94 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/90-94.pdf

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Comparative Analysis of the Discharge coefficient by using V-Notch and Rectangular Notch

Bal Gopal Guru, Durga Prasad Nayak, Dileswar Meher, Deepak Kumar Panda September 2019 Page No.: 95-99

This paper represents the hydraulic experiment performed on “notch apparatus” to determine the effect of notch shape on notch flow characteristics. In the recent time, flood control has been a major concern, thus, it is necessary to design a head of notch. In this paper it is the comparative analysis of V-notch and rectangular notch. A water collecting tank was constructed and calibrated at the upstream so as to determine the head, H of water flowing over the notch. There was a slot in which a flat plate is inserted the upstream from the downstream. It was discovered experimentally that shape and water height over the notch has effect on coefficient of discharge and volume discharged. The coefficient of discharge obtained is: 0.469 for v-notch and 0.3252 for rectangular notch. Thus, rectangular notch has lower discharge than the triangular notch.

Page(s): 95-99

Date of Publication: 08 October 2019

Bal Gopal Guru
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh, Odisha, India
Durga Prasad Nayak
Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh , Odisha, India
Dileswar Meher
Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh, Odisha, India
Deepak Kumar Panda
Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh, Odisha, India

References

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Bal Gopal Guru, Durga Prasad Nayak, Dileswar Meher, Deepak Kumar Panda “Comparative Analysis of the Discharge coefficient by using V-Notch and Rectangular Notch” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.95-99 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/95-99.pdf

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Comparative Analysis of the Discharge coefficient by using V-Notch and Trapezoidal Notch

Bal Gopal Guru, Asha Padhan, Sawan Kumar Meher, Preeti Usha Barik September 2019 Page No.: 100-104

This paper represents the hydraulic experiment performed on “notch apparatus” to determine the effect of notch shape on notch flow characteristics. In the recent time, flood control has been a major concern, thus, it is necessary to design a head of notch. In this paper it is the comparative analysis of V-notch and trapezoidal notch. A water collecting tank was constructed and calibrated at the upstream so as to determine the head, H of water flowing over the notch. There was a slot in which a flat plate is inserted the upstream from the downstream. It was discovered experimentally that shape and water height over the notch has effect on coefficient of discharge and volume discharged. The coefficient of discharge obtained is: 0.469 for v-notch and 0.2332 for trapezoidal notch. Thus, trapezoidal notch has lower discharge than the triangular notch.

Page(s): 100-104

Date of Publication: 08 October 2019

Bal Gopal Guru
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh, Odisha, India
Asha Padhan
Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh Odisha, India
Sawan Kumar Meher
Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh Odisha, India
Preeti Usha Barik
Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash Institute of Technology, Bargarh Odisha, India

References

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Bal Gopal Guru, Asha Padhan, Sawan Kumar Meher, Preeti Usha Barik “Comparative Analysis of the Discharge coefficient by using V-Notch and Trapezoidal Notch” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.100-104 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/100-104.pdf

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Effects of Crude Methanol Extracts of the Leaf, Root and Bark of Combretum Molle against Selected Test Organisms

D. Kulawe, J. S. Hena September 2019 Page No.: 105-110

Combretum molle has been used in many traditional medicines for treatment of microbial infections (diarrhea, dysentery, fever) and several inflammatory conditions (abdominal pain, headache, and toothache). This work was carried out with the aim of determining the phytochemical compounds present in the methanol extracts of the leaves; stem-bark and roots of C. molle and their biological activities in some selected microorganisms. Phytochemical screening also revealed the presence of Tannins, Flavonoids, Glycosides (in leaves only), Terpenes and Saponins, whereas Alkaloids, Anthraquinones and Steroids were absent in both extracts. In a qualitative antimicrobial study, six microorganisms were tested (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli and Candida krusei) using Ciprofloxacin and Fulcin as positive controls. B. subtilis, S. dysenteriae and S. typhi proved to be the most sensitive bacterial species with MIC values of as low as 1.5mg/ml, 3.125mg/ml and 6.25mg/ml respectively, whereas S. aureus, E. coli and C. krusei were resistant to the plant extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration also had low values such as 1.5mg/ml of the stem methanolic extract against S. dysenteriae, and 1.5mg/ml of the leaf methanolic extract against B. subtilis. There was no inhibition of the extract on S. aureus, E. coli and C. krusei for the MIC and MBC. The analysis of variance at p < 0.05 indicated that there was significant difference in the performance of the extracts (stem methanol, root methanol and leaf methanol) on the microorganisms (B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. dysenteriae, S. typhi, E. coli and C. krusei). Therefore the study above indicates that C. molle contains phytochemical compounds which makes it a good inhibitor of microbial growth and could be exploited through in-depth studies to determine the active compounds that could be utilized in the treatment of common ailments.

Page(s): 105-110

Date of Publication: 11 October 2019

D. Kulawe
Department of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
J. S. Hena
Nigeria. Marine Environment Management Unit, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency, Abuja Office, Nigeria

References

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D. Kulawe, J. S. Hena “Effects of Crude Methanol Extracts of the Leaf, Root and Bark of Combretum Molle against Selected Test Organisms” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.105-110 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/105-110.pdf

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Genome Editing and Frontiers in Bio-Engineering

Odongo.J September 2019 Page No.: 111-117

The advances in genetic analysis and manipulation innovations in high- throughput DNA sequencing and editing have been felt broadly and globally, starting from the work on model organisms, evolutionary studies, agriculture to medical applications. Genome editing has become a very important tool in research, this technique can specifically modify individual nucleotides in the genome of living cells, monitor and reduce off target effects, and this actually brings new opportunities within range. The genome editing has a general applicability in microbes, plants, human cells and animals; this makes it have a very wide range of potential uses in tackling societal problems. The potential applications of genome editing include, but are not limited to gene and cell based therapies to control diseases and in reproduction, preventions of inheritance of disease traits, control of vector borne diseases, improved crop and livestock breeding techniques, improved animal welfare, modification of animal donors foe xenotransplantation, industrial microbial biotechnology to generate biofuels and efficient production of pharmaceutical drugs and other high value chemicals. The advent of genome editing technology has evoked many enthusiasm and controversy in the contrary. Many concerns have been expressed especially in the African context for example, the technology is not natural and there is gaps in our technical knowhow that the impacts are uncertain and may be inequitable, the current regulations cannot keep pace with the rate of technological innovations. The current knowledge gaps and uncertainties emphasize the need for more research with the expectations that the research advances will fill many of the current knowledge gaps and the progressive refinement of the genome editing tools to ensure efficiency and specificity, thereby reducing off-target effects. And addressing aspect of further mutations. The genome editing technocrats and regulators should ensure research applications is evidence-based, takes into account likely benefits as well as hypothetical risk and is proportionate and sufficiently flexible to cope with future advances. Going forward it’s worth noting that the latest genome editing technologies has resolved many issues making direct and precise genetic manipulations possible in essentially types of cells and organisms. It is key to mention that progress in science depends on new techniques, novel discoveries and ideas. This review paper aim to examine the origin of genome editing platforms and speculate about where we are headed through the application of these new technology of genome editing.

Page(s): 111-117

Date of Publication: 13 October 2019

Odongo.J
Scientific Innovations Consortium Ltd, Kenya

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Odongo.J “Genome Editing and Frontiers in Bio-Engineering” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 9 September 2019, pp.111-117 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue9/111-117.pdf

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