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Impact of Improvised Injection Moulding on Students’ Psychomotor Achievement In General Metalwork In Technical Colleges In Niger State

Kabir, B., Abdullahi S.M, Alhassan, Y.A September 2020 Page No.: 01-06

This study was designed to determine the impact of improvised injection molding on students’ psychomotor achievement in general metalwork in technical colleges in Niger State. A pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent control group, quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The study constituted a total number of 122 subjects, 63 for the experimental group, while 59 for the control group. The instruments used for data collection was Metalwork Psychomotor Achievement Test (MPAT). The instruments were also subjected to face validation by three experts from Department of Industrial and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology Minna. The MPAT was trial-tested to determine its psychometric indices and reliability coefficient. The trial test for determining the coefficient of stability of the MPAT was carried out using test re-test reliability method. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient of WCAT was found to be .78. Mean was used to answer the research questions; while ANCOVA was employed to test the hypotheses. The study revealed that students taught metalwork using improvised injection molding had a higher mean score than students taught using the lecture method in psychomotor achievement test. In each mean score of males taught metalwork using improvised injection molding was higher than the mean score of females taught using the same improvised injection molding in the psychomotor achievement test The differences in the mean scores of male and female in the psychomotor achievement test was found to be insignificant. Consequently, the research recommended among others that; Teachers should endeavour to make use of improvised injection molding for teaching relevant area in the curriculum technical colleges with a view to ascertain its usefulness and The private enterprises as such based industries should make available to technical colleges in Niger State spare parts as well as consumable materials needed for teaching Foundry..

  •  Page(s): 01-06
  •  Date of Publication: 21 September 2020
  •  Kabir, B.
    Department of Metalwork, School of Technical Education Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi
  •  Abdullahi S.M
    Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Minna, Nigeria
  •  Alhassan, Y.A
    Department of Mechanical, Minna Institute of Technology and Innovation, Niger State

References

 

[1] Afolabi & Akinbobola (2012) Constructivist problem-based learning technique and the academic achievement of physics students with low ability level in Nigerian Technical Colleges. Minna Journal of Education Studies 6(3) 16-23
[2] Aremu, A. (2013). Preparation of Primary Teachers in Pupil-Centred Activity-Based Mathematics Instructions and Its Model. Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference, Azores, Portugal. Retrieved on 2nd May, 2014, From: eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/1348/1357
[3] Atherson, J.S. (2013). Learning and teaching intelligence. Retrieved on 30th January, 2010 from www.dmu.ac.uk/-Jamesa/Learningintelling.htm
[4] Becker, K. H, &Maunaiyat.S. (2015). A comparison of students’ achievement and attitudes between constructivist and traditional classroom environments in Thailand vocational electronics Programs. from http://www.scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JVER/v29n2/becker.html.
[5] Burries, J. (2014) Investigating the effect of problems based learning on critical thinking ability and content knowledge acquisition of secondary agriculture students. Eurasia Journal of Education, Science and Technology Education, 4(3), 122-129.
[6] Eze, P. N. (2009). Effects of Peer Assessment on Students’ Achievement and Interest in French. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Department of Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
[7] Iwendi, B.C. and Oyedum N.A. (2012).Effects of Gender and Age on the Mathematics Achievement of secondary School Students in Minna metropolis, Niger State. Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED) Minna.kezzyproductions.com
[8] Joshua, B. (2012). Conflict management skills in high demand. Retrieved June 25, 2012 from http://www.ehow.com/facts_6944249_definition_computer_aided_drafting.html.
[9] Mbata, A. (2010). Towards a more effective Manpower Training and Development in the Field of Technical Education. Nigeria Journal of Technical Education Review.Nsukka, Nigerian Vocational Association (NVA). 2 (1); 18-20
[10] Merher, J.R. (2010). Overview of metal injection moulding. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0026065710802425
[11] Myers, David G., (2012). Social Psychology.7th Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York.
[12] NABTEB, (2017). Grade Distribution Sheet. Benin-City: N.A.B.T.E.B Office.
[13] National Board for Technical Education (2019). Report of the Accreditation Exercise on Technical Colleges in Nigeria. NBTE Kaduna.
[14] Ndukwe, D. (2016). Principles and Methods in Vocational and Technical Education. Nsukka: University Trust Publishers.
[15] Ogundu, I. (2015). Effect of an improvised furnace on students’ performance in heat treatment in Technical Colleges in Rivers State. Unpublished M.Ed Thesis. Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt.
[16] Okoro, O.M. (2009). Principles and methods in vocational and technical education. Nsukka: university trust publishers
[17] Onaga, P. O. (2014). Instructional Materials Utilization Strategies for the Study of Introductory Technology in NsukkaL.G.A… Vocational Technical Education and Technological Growth.Nsukka: Nigeria Vocational Journal Association (NVA). 2 (1); 15 – 20.
[18] Oviawe, J.I. (2010). Differential effects of three instructional methods on students’ performance in building technology in polytechniques in Nigeria. University of Nigeria Abstracts of theses 2005-2010, Vol. 2.
[19] Owoso, J. O. (2010). Effects of constructivist Instructional Approach on Achievement and Retention of Automechanics students in Technical Colleges in Lagos State. University of Nigeria Abstracts of theses 2005-2010, Vol. 2.
[20] Udofia, A.G. (2008). Effects of Edutainment on Achievement and interest of students in introductory technology in Akwa Ibom State Nigeria. University of Nigeria Abstracts of theses 2005-2010, Vol. 2.
[21] Uwaifo, V. O. (2009), “Technical Education and its Challenges in Nigeria in the 21st Century. International NGO Journal 5(2), 40-44.

Kabir, B., Abdullahi S.M, Alhassan, Y.A “Impact of Improvised Injection Moulding on Students’ Psychomotor Achievement In General Metalwork In Technical Colleges In Niger State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.01-06 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/01-06.pdf

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Comparative Study the Effect of Color Image Enhancement in Image Segmentation

Thida Soe, Khin Kyu Kyu, Thin Thin Htwe September 2020 Page No.: 07-12

Segmentation the image is a very important area of study in color image processing. Many algorithms have been developed for this purpose. However, the segmentation algorithms results suffer from miss-classification and over- segmentation. This is due to the degradation of image quality, during transmission, acquisition and color space conversion. That is why the need of an efficient image enhancement technique that removes the noises or redundant pixels from the color image prior to process of final segmentation arises. In this paper, an effort has been made to analyze and study image enhancement techniques by histogram equalization and adaptive histogram equalization on HSV and L*a*b color spaces separately to search for the better way for color image segmentation. Then, morphological based marker-controlled watershed segmentation technique is used to segment the enhanced images. Lastly, the comparative study is done with the entropy values to measure the performance of image enhancing. Also, compare the minima watershed region for quality of image segmentation with respect to visual perspective. Then, determine the most suitable color space that provides segmentation results more powerfully with respect to those enhancement techniques.

  •  Page(s): 07-12
  •  Date of Publication: 22 September 2020
  •  Thida Soe
    Faculty of Computer Systems and Technologies, University of Computer Studies, Pathein
  •  Khin Kyu Kyu
    Faculty of Computer Systems and Technologies, University of Computer Studies, Pathein
  •  Thin Thin Htwe
    Faculty of Computer Systems and Technologies, University of Computer Studies, Pathein

References

 

[1] R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,2002
[2] Anju Bala, “An Improved Watershed Image Segmentation Technique using MATLAB”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 6, June-2012.
[3] Dibya Jyoti Bora, Anil Kumar Gupta, Fayaz Ahmad Khan, “Comparing the Performance of L*A*B* and HSV Color Spaces with Respect to Color Image Segmentation”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2015.
[4] Anish Kumar Vishwakarma, Agya Mishra, “Color Image Enhancement Techniques: A Critical Review”, Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE), Vol. 3 No. 1 Feb -Mar 2012
[5] Md. Shakowat Zaman Sarker, Tan Wooi Haw, Rajasvaran Logeswaran ”Morphological based technique for image segmentation”, International Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 14 No. 1.
[6] Dibya Jyoti Bora, “Importance of Image Enhancement Techniques in Color Image Segmentation: A Comprehensive and Comparative Study”, Indian J.Sci.Res. 15 (1): 115-131, 2017.
[7] Diya Chudasama, Tanvi Patel, Shubham Joshi, Ghanshyam I. Prajapati ,“Image Segmentation using Morphological Operations”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 117 – No. 18, May 2015.
[8] Ravi S, A M Khan , “Morphological Operations for Image Processing”, Conference Paper • December 2013

Thida Soe, Khin Kyu Kyu, Thin Thin Htwe, “Comparative Study the Effect of Color Image Enhancement in Image Segmentation” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.07-12 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/07-12.pdf

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Climate Change Anomalies and its Prospects on Agriculture in Cross Rivers State, Nigeria

Dr. Ajiere, Susan; Dr. Nwaerema, Peace; Dr. Bridget Edewede Diagi September 2020 Page No.: 13-17

The changes that occurred in the climate systems have become a global challenge. Climate change has impacted on different sectors including agriculture and this calls for urgent attention as food security is of great importance to the economy of a nation and its challenges and prospects differ from different geographical locations. Therefore, this work examined the monthly, annual and decadal distribution, pattern, trends, anomalies of rainfall and temperature in Cross River State, Nigeria. The rainfall and temperature data were obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) for a period of 30 years (1997-2016). The measure of dispersion, trend, anomalies was used to analyze the work and results showed the highest monthly mean rainfall was in July with 491.97mm and lowest rainfall was in December with 33.84mm and no august-break was recorded while mean temperature is 28.7oC, the anomalies for rainfall and temperature trend fluctuated greatly with a positive trend. Findings in this study showed that temperature and rainfall are on the increase and such rise in rainfall can result to flooding which can affect agriculture. The study recommends a proper climate monitoring system for farmers to practice early dry season planting to ensure a profitable agricultural practice for food sustainability.

  •  Page(s): 13-17
  •  Date of Publication: 28 September 2020
  •  Dr. Ajiere, Susan
    Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  •  Dr. Nwaerema, Peace
    Department of Geography, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
  •  Dr. Bridget Edewede Diagi
    Department of Environmental Management, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Chikezie, C1, Ibekwe, U. C, Ohajianya, D. O, Orebiyi, J. S, Ehirim N. C, Henri-Ukoha, A, Nwaiwu, I.U.O, Ajah, E. A, Essien, U. A, Anthony, G and Oshaji, I.O. (2015). Effect of climate change on food crop production in southeast, Nigeria: a co-integration model approach International Journal of Weather, Climate Change and Conservation Research, 2(1): 47-56. Available from: www.eajournals.org.
[2] Igwenagu, C. M. (2015). Trend Analysis Of Rainfall Pattern In Enugu State, Nigeria. European Journal of Statistics and Probability. 3(3): 12-18. Available from: www.eajournals.org.
[3] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] (2007). Impact, Adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group 1 of the intergovernmental panel on climate change to the Third Assessment Report of IPCC. London: Cambridge University Press.
[4] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] (2007). Climate change 2007: synthesis report. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Geneva, Switzerland.
[5] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] Climate Change (2014). Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, Pp 151.
[6] National Research Council [NRC] (2010). Advancing the Science of Climate Change. TheNational Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA.
[7] Nigeria Meteorological Agency [NIMET] (2016). Nigeria Climate Review Bulletin. Nigeria Meteorological Agency Abuja Nigeria.
[8] Odekunle, T.O. (2004). Rainfall and length of the growing season in Nigeria. International Journal of Climatology, 24: 467-479.
[9] Umar, A.T. (2010). Recent Trends and Variability in the Length of the Growing Season in Northern Nigeria. Journal of Meteorology & Climate Science, 8(1): 40-52.

Dr. Ajiere, Susan; Dr. Nwaerema, Peace; Dr. Bridget Edewede Diagi “Climate Change Anomalies and its Prospects on Agriculture in Cross Rivers State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.13-17 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/13-17.pdf

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Studies on the Properties of an Oil Sorbent Material Produced from Hyphaene thebaica

Dimas,B. J, Osemeahon, S. A September 2020 Page No.: 18-23

This study investigated the use of Hyphaene thebaica as a sorbent for remediation of crude oil polluted water. The crude Hyphaene thebaica (CHT), retted Hyphaene thebaica (RHT) and bleached Hyphaene thebaica (PFHT) were subjected to sorption studies to optimize their sorption capacity. The results revealed that the efficiency of sorbent to remove crude oil from water is related to the sorbent weight, contact time, initial oil concentration and temperature of sorption. It was found out that increase in sorbent weight led to increase in sorption capacity from 3.71-4.87g/g, 4.30-5.77g/g, and 4.56-6.23g/g in CHT, RHT and PFHT respectively. Increased in Initial oil concentration also increased the oil sorption capacity by 18-24% until it reach equilibrium. Sorption time was varied from 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and70 minutes and the highest sorption capacity was recorded at 30 minutes before a gradual decreased was observed. Sorption capacity decreased with increased in temperature above 400C. The sorbent exhibited good reusability after 8 cycles, with less than 50 % reduction in sorption capacity. These properties introduce Hyphaene thebaica as a potential sorbent for oil cleanup.

  •  Page(s): 18-23
  •  Date of Publication: 29 September 2020
  •  Dimas,B. J
    Department of Science Education, Taraba State University, Jalingo,Nigeria.
  •  Osemeahon, S. A
    Department of Chemistry Modibbo Adama University of Technology,Yola, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Nwadiogbua, O.J., Ajiweb, E.V., Okoyeba, A.C. (2016). Removal of crude oil from aqueous medium by sorption on hydrophobic corncobs: Equilibrium and kinetic studies. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 10: 56–63.
[2] Sulyman, M., Sienkiewicz, M., Haponiuk, J., & Zalewski, S. (2018). New Approach for Adsorptive Removal of Oil in Wastewater using Textile Fibers as Alternative Adsorbent. Acta Scientific Agriculture 2.6 (2018): 32-37.
[3] The United Nations World water development report (2017). Waste water: An untapped resource.
[4] Rahman, S.N., Yhaya, F.M., Azahari, B., & Ismail, R.W. (2018). Utilisation of natural cellulose fibers in wastewater treatment. Cellulose (2018) 25:4887–4903.
[5] Lv, W., Xia, M.T., & Yuewu, P. (2017). Preparation of an Efficient Oil-Spill Adsorbent Based on Wheat StrawErmeng. BioResources 12(1), 296-315.
[6] Lazzari, K.L., Zampieri, B.V., Neves M.R., Zanini, M., Zattera, J.A., & Baldasso, C. (2019). A study on adsorption isotherm and kinetics of petroleum by cellulose cryogels. Cellulose, 26:1231–1246.
[7] Paulauskiene, T., & Jucike, I. (2015). Aquatic oil spill cleanup using natural sorbents. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 22, 14874-14881.
[8] Younis, S.A., El-Gendy, N.S., Waleed, I.E.A., & Moustaf, Y.M. (2014). Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biosorption from petroleum refinery wastewater using spent waste biomass. Desalin.Water Treat 56 (11), 3013-3023
[9] Yakout, M.S. and Daifullah, M.A. (2014). Asorption/desorption of BTEX on activated carbon prepared from rice husk. Desalination and water treatment, 52: 4485-4491.
[10] Eze, I.S., Akpomie, G.K., Ezeofor, C.C., Mmadubuike, V.N. & Ojo, K.F (2019). Remediation of oil spill polluted water from Niger Delta Nigeria by sorption onto ammonium sulfate modified Dialium guineense seed husk. Petroleum Science and Technology, 37 (15): 1830–1838.
[11] Akpomie, K. G., C. C. Ezeofor, J. U. Ani, S. I. Eze, C. C. Odo, and E. A. Onoabedje (2019). Equilbrium isotherm modeling of crude oil sorption from aqua mixture onto codiaeum variegatum stem powder. Petroleum Science and Technology, 37(3):329–36.
[12] Shehu, B.B., Zanna, H., & Tukur, M.A. (2017). Effect of Methanolic Extract of the Fruit Pulp of Hyphaene thebaica (L) mart on some Heamatological parameters and Organ Histology in Rats. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 20; 203- 207
[13] Bayad, E.A. (2016). Influences of doum fruit (Hyphaene thebaica) extract on the reproductive parameters, blood picture, lipid profile and hepato-renal functions in rats. Merit Research J. of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 4(8): 384-391.
[14] Cai, M., Takagi, H., Nakagaito, A.N., Li, Y., Waterhouse, G.N. (2016). Effect of alkali treatment on interfacial bonding in abaca fiber-reinforced composites. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf. 90:589–597.
[15] Nwabueze, H. O., Igbokwe, P.K., Amalu, E. U., & Okoro, S.E. (2015). A study on the equilibrium and kinetics of oil spill cleanup using acetylated corn cobs. Internat. j.environmental sciences, 5:6
[16] Donatus, R.B., Barminas, J.T., Riki, E.Y. (2016). Sorption Studies of Violet Plant (Securidaca longepedunculata) Root Powder as Sorbent in Oil Spill Treatment. Internat. J. Scientific & Engineering Research, 7 (4): 567-573.
[17] Al Zubaidy, A.I., Zaffar, U., Chowdhury, N., Mustafa, N., Varughese, V., Ahmed, R., Alharmoudi, A.R., Shahid, A., & Gomes, E.E. (2015). Adsorption Study of Bio-Degradable Natural Sorbents for Remediation of Water from Crude Oil. 6th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, 24:84
[18] Onwuka, C.J., Agbaji, B.E., Ajibola, O.V., & Okibe, G.F. (2018). Treatment of crude oil‑contaminated water with chemically modified natural fiber. Applied Water Science, 8:86.
[19] Al Zubaidi, A.I., Al Tamimi, K.A., & Ahmed, H. (2016). Remediation of water from crude oil spill using a fibrous sorbent. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 6: 105–114.
[20] Najaa Syuhada, M.T., Rozidaini, M. G., Norhisyam, I. (2017). Response surface methodology optimization of oil removal using banana peel as biosorbent. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 21 (5): 1101 – 1110.
[21] Sudhir, K.S., Joyjeet, G., Gaulam, S. (2016). Potentiality of luffa fiber used as reinforcement in polymer composites. (2016). Green Biocomposites, pp 293-310.
[22] Asadpour, R., Sapari, B.N., Isa, H.M., & Kakooei, S. (2016). Acetylation of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber as an adsorbent for removal of crude oil. Environ sci. pollutres, 23:11740–11750.
[23] Onwuka, J.C., Agbaji, E.B., Ajibola, V.O., & Okibe, F.G. (2016). Kinetic studies of surface modification of lignocellulosic Delonix regia pods as sorbent for crude oil spill in water. J Appl Res Technol. 14:415–424.
[24] Sidik, S. M., Jalil, A. A., Triwahyono, S., Adam, S. H., Satar, M. A. H., & Hameed, B. H (2012). Modified oil palm leaves adsorbent with enhanced hydrophobicity forcrude oil removal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 203, 9–18.
[25] Cheu, C.S., Kong, H., Song, T.S., Saman, N., Joharib, K. & Mat, H. (2013). High Removal Performance of Dissolved Oil from Aqueous Solution by Sorption Process Using Fatty Acid Esterified Pineapple Leaves as Novel Sorbents. RSC Advances 2013, 00, 1-3 | 1 p 1-14.
[26] Hameed, H.B., Mahmoud, K.D. & A.L. Ahmad, L.A. (2007). Equilibrium modeling and kinetic studies on the adsorption of basic dye by a low-cost adsorbent: Coconut (Cocos nucifera) bunch waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2007:158:65-72.
[27] Sulyman M., et al. “Greener Cleaner: Sheep Wool Fiber as Renewable Sources for Oil Spill Cleanup”. International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology 5.2 (2017).
[28] Hussein, M., Amer, A. & Sawsan, I. I. (2009). Oil spill sorption using carbonized pith bagasse. application of carbonized pith bagasse as loose fiber. Global NEST Journal, 11(4): 440 – 448.
[29] Ola Abdelwahab (2014). Assessment of raw luffa as a natural hollow oleophilic fibrous sorbent for oil spill cleanup. Alexanria Engineering J., 33, 213-218.
[30] Singh, V., Kendall, R.J., Hake, K., & Ramkumar, S. (2013). Crude oil sorption by raw cotton. Ind Eng Chem Res 52:6277–6281.
[31] Hussein, M. Amer, A. A. & Sawsan, I. I. (2011). Heavy oil spill cleanup using law grade raw cotton fibers: Trial for practical application, Journal of Petroleum Technology and Alternative Fuels Vol. 2(8), pp. 132-140.

Dimas,B. J, Osemeahon, S. A “Studies on the Properties of an Oil Sorbent Material Produced from Hyphaene thebaica” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.18-23 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/18-23.pdf

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Optimized One Dimensional-Ternary Pattern (1D-TP) for SMS Spam Feature Extraction

Oluwakemi Christiana Abikoye, Fatimoh Abidemi Taofeek-Ibrahim, Taye Oladele Aro September 2020 Page No.: 24-31

Short Message Service (SMS) has become an important form of the mobile communication channel; their popularity is attributed to several conditions including low-cost sending, simple delivery mode and convenient usage. Feature extraction phase has been identified by researchers to be one of the major steps in the Spam SMS detection system. The extraction of features in SMS involves a process of reduction of an initial set of raw features into more manageable forms for processing. This paper employed a new One Dimensional Ternary Pattern (1D-TP) for SMS feature extraction while the simulated annealing was applied to optimize the extracted features. Experimental results showed a better objective function.

  •  Page(s): 24-31
  •  Date of Publication: 01 October 2020
  •  Oluwakemi Christiana Abikoye
    Department of Computer Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
  •  Fatimoh Abidemi Taofeek-Ibrahim
    Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara, Nigeria
  •  Taye Oladele Aro
    Department of Mathematical and Computing Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Abdulhamid, M., Shafie, M., Latiff, A., Chiroma, H., & Osho, O. (2017). A Review on Mobile SMS Spam Filtering Techniques A Review on Mobile SMS Spam Filtering Techniques. (February). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2666785
[2] Adewumi, O. A & Akinyelu, A. A. (2016). A Hybrid Firefly and Support Vector Machine Classifier for Phishing Email Detection. Kybernetes, 45(6), 977–994. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-07-2014-0129
[3] Chaudhari, N., Jayvala, P., & Vinitashah, P. (2016). Survey on Spam SMS filtering using Data mining Techniques. Ijarcce, 5(11), 193–195. https://doi.org/10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.51141
[4] Downer, S. R., Meara, J. G., Da Costa, A. C., & Sethuraman, K. (2006). SMS text messaging improves outpatient attendance. Australian Health Review : A Publication of the Australian Hospital Association, 30(3), 389–396. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH060389
[5] Geertsema, S., Hyman, C., & van Deventer, C. (2011). Short message service (SMS) language and written language skills: Educators’ perspectives. South African Journal of Education, 31(4), 475–487. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v31n4a370
[6] Jantan, A., Waheed, A. H., & Ghaleb, S. A. (2017). Using a Modified Bat Algorithm to Train Neural Networks for Spam Detection. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 95(24), 6788–6799.
[7] Kaur, R., & Rajput, R. (2013). Face recognition and its various techniques : a review. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research, 2(3), 670–675.
[8] Kawade, D. R., & Oza, K. S. (2015). SMS Spam Classification using WEKA. International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology, 5, 43–47.
[9] Ma, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., & Chen, B. (2018). A new fine-grain SMS corpus and its corresponding classifier using probabilistic topic model. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems, 12(2), 604–625. https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2018.02.004
[10] Mahmoud, T. M. &, & Mahfouz, A. M. (2012). SMS Spam Filtering Technique Based on Artificial Immune System. International Journal of Computer Science Issues, 9(2), 589–597.
[11] Mizuki, A., Matsumoto, T., Uemura, T., & Kichimi, S. (2013). Improving SMS Processing Power for Increasing Smartphone Demand. NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal, 14(4), 60–62.
[12] Mustapha, A., & Behjat, A. R. (2016). Ensemble Feature Subset Selection Technique in Spam Detection System. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(22), 13135–13140.
[13] Reaves, B., Blue, L., Tian, D., Traynor, P., & Butler, K. R. B. (2016). Detecting SMS spam in the age of legitimate bulk messaging. WiSec 2016 – Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks, 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1145/2939918.2939937
[14] Shaw, R., & Bosworth, H. (2012). Short message service (SMS) text messaging as an intervention medium for weight loss: A literature review. Health Informatics Journal, 18(4), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458212442422
[15] Shuaib, M., Abdulhamid, M., Adebayo, O. S., Osho, O., Idris, I., Alhassan, J. K., & Rana, N. (2019). Whale optimization algorithm ‑ based email spam feature selection method using rotation forest algorithm for classification. SN Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0394-7
[16] Subramaniam, T., Jalab, H. A., & Taqa, A. Y. (2010). Overview of textual anti-spam filtering techniques. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5(12), 1869–1882.
[17] Telgaonkar, A. H & Deshmukh, S. (2015). Dimensionality Reduction and Classification through PCA and LDA. International Journal of Computer Applications, 122(17), 4–8.
[18] Uysal, A. K., Gunal, S., Ergin, S., & Gunal, E. S. (2013). The impact of feature extraction and selection on SMS spam filtering. Elektronika Ir Elektrotechnika, 19(5), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.19.5.1829
[19] Vikas & Kaur, A. (2016). Face Recognition using Local Ternary Pattern. International Journal of Science and Research, 04(12), 2115–2120.
[20] Zainal, K., Sulaiman, N. F., & Jali, M. Z. (2015). An Analysis of Various Algorithms For Text Spam Classification and Clustering Using RapidMiner and Weka. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), 13(3), 66–74.

Oluwakemi Christiana Abikoye, Fatimoh Abidemi Taofeek-Ibrahim, Taye Oladele Aro “Optimized One Dimensional-Ternary Pattern (1D-TP) for SMS Spam Feature Extraction” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.24-31 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/24-31.pdf

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IoT Based Industrial Security Control and Monitoring System Using NodeMCU

Md. Romzan Ali, Abdullah Al Zubaer, Md. Ariful Islam, Sabrina Ferdous, Md. Habibur Rahman September 2020 Page No.: 32-37

There are many sudden accident is happened in various industries recently. So now a day’s security has become an important issue in everywhere. Developing this trend a new intelligent smart security system of industry based on various wireless sensor/actuator, Node MCU microcontroller with IoT network is proposed in current research paper. This innovation namely IoT Based Industrial Security Control and Monitoring System Using NodeMCU detect any Chemical overflow or leakage, Gas leakage, Fire/Boiler explosion or short circuit and sensing temperature, humidity, undesired sound by various smart sensor. So it can measure any environmental deviation and monitored the update condition of the industries and inform the proprietor by Email &SMS through internet. So it’s not a matter the proprietor stays in far or near. After knowing current condition it can take proper action which protect the industries from accident and saves many lives. A traditional security system gives the signal by alarms. Here Internet of Things is used to communicate with the device for sending and receiving required information and data through internet. So it can be controlled and monitored from anywhere & anytime through computer, mobile or any smart device. Moreover combination of embedded electronics and computer programming is the significant outcome of the work. The more advantages of this device are it is a portable device and it can be driving both mobile & computer by internet.

  •  Page(s): 32-37
  •  Date of Publication: 01 October 2020
  •  Md. Romzan Ali
    Lecturer, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rabindra Maitree University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
  •  Abdullah Al Zubaer
    Lecturer, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rabindra Maitree University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
  •  Md. Ariful Islam
    Lecturer, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rabindra Maitree University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
  •  Sabrina Ferdous
    Lecturer, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rabindra Maitree University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
  •  Md. Habibur Rahman
    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rabindra Maitree University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.

References

 

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Md. Romzan Ali, Abdullah Al Zubaer, Md. Ariful Islam, Sabrina Ferdous, Md. Habibur Rahman “IoT Based Industrial Security Control and Monitoring System Using NodeMCU ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.32-37 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/32-37.pdf

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Effectiveness of powder of Tribulus Teristrus in the management of urinary calculi

N.S.Abegunasekara, K.D.G.Damintha September 2020 Page No.: 38-40

Urinary calculi is a common genito-urinary disorder in the modern era. They may cause pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria and possibly chills and fever due to secondary infection. Diagnosis is based on urinalysis and radiological imaging usually non-contrast helical CT imaging. In Ayurveda, urinary calculi are known as Mutrāshmari. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Gokshurabija choorna (GBC) comparatively with Cystone® in the management of Mutrāshmari. The formula was prescribed in Bhaishajya Rathnāvali under the chapter of Mutrāshmari chikitsa. Twenty patients with urinary calculi were randomly selected from Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda (Teaching) hospital, Yakkala and D. B. Welagedara Ayurveda (Provincial) hospital, Kurunegala. They were divided into two groups (Control and Test) using the simple random sampling method. Test group was treated with 10g of GBC with hot water twice daily for a period of seven days. Two tablets of Cystone® was recommended twice daily for a period of seven days to the control group. Appropriate patyāpatya were instructed to follow during the period. Data was collected before treatment, after treatment and after seven days follow-up period using USG (for objective parameters) and self-prepared questionnaire (for subjective parameters). Results were analyzed by using IBM SPSS v22 statistical software. After fourteen days of treatment, both groups showed a significant effect to some clinical symptoms. But calculated p values of GBC were less significant than Cystone® comparatively. It was concluded that GBC has got effectiveness as a treatment of Mutrāshmari. No adverse reaction was observed during treatment, proving the formulation is safe and effective.

  •  Page(s): 38-40
  •  Date of Publication: 02 October 2020

Urinary calculi is a common genito-urinary disorder in the modern era. They may cause pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria and possibly chills and fever due to secondary infection. Diagnosis is based on urinalysis and radiological imaging usually non-contrast helical CT imaging. In Ayurveda, urinary calculi are known as Mutrāshmari. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Gokshurabija choorna (GBC) comparatively with Cystone® in the management of Mutrāshmari. The formula was prescribed in Bhaishajya Rathnāvali under the chapter of Mutrāshmari chikitsa. Twenty patients with urinary calculi were randomly selected from Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda (Teaching) hospital, Yakkala and D. B. Welagedara Ayurveda (Provincial) hospital, Kurunegala. They were divided into two groups (Control and Test) using the simple random sampling method. Test group was treated with 10g of GBC with hot water twice daily for a period of seven days. Two tablets of Cystone® was recommended twice daily for a period of seven days to the control group. Appropriate patyāpatya were instructed to follow during the period. Data was collected before treatment, after treatment and after seven days follow-up period using USG (for objective parameters) and self-prepared questionnaire (for subjective parameters). Results were analyzed by using IBM SPSS v22 statistical software. After fourteen days of treatment, both groups showed a significant effect to some clinical symptoms. But calculated p values of GBC were less significant than Cystone® comparatively. It was concluded that GBC has got effectiveness as a treatment of Mutrāshmari. No adverse reaction was observed during treatment, proving the formulation is safe and effective.

  •  Page(s): 38-40
  •  Date of Publication: 02 October 2020

References

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Dr. Meghna Sharma, Prachi Trivedi “Increment of Mobile Subscriber in India : Gompertz Curve’ Buying Behaviour for Green Products” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.1 issue 1, pp.01-04 2016

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Evaluation of Two Named Heavy Metal Residue in Tissues of Cattle from Three Selected Slaughter Slabs in Akure Metropolis

Adekolurejo, O. O., Arogbodo, J. O.and Dada, O. S. September 2020 Page No.: 41-44

This study was carried out to determine the levels of lead and cadmium in the liver, kidney and muscle of cattle slaughtered in three slaughter slabs in Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria. Heavy metals (HM) as well known through scientific knowledge can build up in the soil, leading to severe environmental pollution and contamination of the food chain which is of global public health importance. This study therefore emphasized on the need for continuous monitoring and control of heavy metal residues in cattle slaughtered for human consumption. Five animals each were sampled from Shasha (SH), Onyarugbulem (ON) and Ilara mokin (IM), collecting their liver, kidney and muscle. The samples were assessed for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results obtained showed that lead and cadmium levels in samples from SH were in the order kidney > muscle > liver and liver > muscle > kidney respectively. Levels in IM samples appeared in the order kidney > muscle >liver for lead and kidney > liver > muscle for cadmium. While ON samples presented the order; kidney > liver > muscle and liver > muscle /kidney for lead and cadmium respectively. However, significant difference was not observed in lead and cadmium concentrations in all the samples (p > 0.05). Summarily, levels of the assessed metals in this study were within the limits adjudged safe by two International Organizations viz; Food and Agriculture Organization together with World Health Organization (FAO / WHO).

  •  Page(s): 41-44
  •  Date of Publication: 03 October 2020
  •  Adekolurejo, O. O.,
    School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
  •  Arogbodo, J. O.
    School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
  •  Dada, O. S.
    School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Varsha, M., Nidhi, M., Anurag, M., Singh, R. B. and Sanjay, M. (2010). Effect of toxic metals on human health. Open Nutr. J. 3(10): 94 – 99.
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[3] Kennish, M. J. (1992). Ecology of Estuaries Anthropogenic Effects. CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp. 494. 1992.
[4] Felagha, I., Monanu, M. O. and Amadi, B. A. (2020). Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Three Species of Mollusks (Egeria radiata, Limicolaria flammea and Viviparus contectus) from Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 10(3): 21-26; Article no. AJARR.56780 ISSN: 2582-3248.
[5] Sedki, A., Lekouch, N., Gamon, S and Pineau, A. (2003). Toxic and essential trace metals in muscle, liver and kidney of bovines from a polluted area of Morocco. The Science of the Total Environment, 317: 201–205.
[6] Ugwu, J. N. (2010). Assessment of levels of some heavy metals in the muscles and internal organs of cows consumed in Enugu and Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria”. Unpublished PhD Thesis of the Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka.
[7] Nawaz, R. and Rehman, S. (2015). Analysis of heavy metals in red meat in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhawa. 23: 166-71.
[8] Arogbodo, J. O., Ajayi, O. A. and Adebayo, I. A. (2020). Phytochemical Screening and Analyses of Eight Selected Heavy Metals in an Air-dried and Sun-dried Leaf of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) O Kuntze. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences Vol.7, Issue 2, pp 146-150.
[9] Demirezen, O. and Uruc, K. (2006). Comparative study of trace elements in certain fish, meat and meat products. Meat Science. 74: 255-60.
[10] Oluyemi, E. A., Feuyit, G., Oyekunle, J. A. O. and Ogunfowokan, A. O. (2008). Seasonal variations in heavy metal concentrations in soil and some selected crops at a landfill in Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2 (5): pp 089-096.
[11] Jalil, H. (2013). Determination of Heavy Metals in Exposed Corned Beef and Chicken Luncheon That Sold in Sulaymaniah Markets. Afr J Food Sci. 7: 178-825.
[12] Hillary-Frances, L. G. and Emmanuel, T. T. (2019). Appraisal of heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in the muscle and intestinal organs of cattle slaughtered in Ibadan. American Journal of Zoology, 2(1): 1 – 5.
[13] Nwineewii, J. D., Edori, O. S. and Marcus, A. C. (2019). Heavy metal content of surface water and crab (Potamon fluviatile) from the New Calabar River, Rivers State, Nigeria. J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria. 44(6): 1035 – 1043.
[14] Umer, Z., Wasif, M., Saif-ur-Rehman, K., Saman, S. and Fariha, A. (2017). Assessment of heavy metal contaminants from protein sources. Short commentary, J Food Technol Pres 2017 Volume 1 Issue 2 pp 7 – 11.
[15] Onuoha, S. C., Anelo, P. C. and Nkpaa, K. W. (2016). Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in snail (Archachatina marginata) from four contaminated regions in Rivers State, Nigeria. Amer. Chem. Sci. J. 11(2): 1 – 8.
[16] Iwegbue, C. M. A., Nweje, G. E. and Iyoha, E. H. (2008). Heavy metal residues of chicken meat and gizzard and turkey meat consumed in Southern Nigeria. Bulgar J. Veterin. Med., 11: 275 – 280.
[17] SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (2015). SPSS 23 Statistics Premium for Windows. IBM Corporation computer software package, version 23, 32 and 64 bit, Jordan.
[18] Onianwa, P. C., Adetola, C., Iwegbue, C. M. and Tella, O. (1999). Trace heavy metal composition of some Nigerian beverages and food drinks. Food Chemistry, 66: 275 – 279.
[19] Yusuf, A. A., Arowolo, T. A. and Bamgbose, O. (2003). Cadmiun, Copper and nickel levels in vegetable from industrial and residential areas of Lagos city, Nigeria. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 41: 375 – 378.
[20] Adekunle, I. M. and Akinyemi, M. F. (2004). Lead levels of certain consumer products in Nigeria: a case study of smoked fish foods from Abeokuta. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 42: 1463 – 1468.
[21] Nnorom, I. C., Osibanjo, O. and Ogugua, O. (2007). Trace heavy metal levels of some bouillon cubes and food condiments readily consumed in Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6(2): 122 – 127.
[22] Lanre-Iyanda, T. Y. and Adekunle, I. M. (2012). Assessment of heavy metals and their estimated daily intakes from two commonly consumed foods (Kulikuli and Robo) found in Nigeria. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 12(3): 6156 – 6169.
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Adekolurejo, O. O., Arogbodo, J. O.and Dada, O. S. ” Evaluation of Two Named Heavy Metal Residue in Tissues of Cattle from Three Selected Slaughter Slabs in Akure Metropolis” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.41-44 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/41-44.pdf

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Bound for maximal rank hypothesis for p4

B. Owino September 2020 Page No.: 45-47

The method of Horace is an inductive method that makes use of elementary transformation of vector bundles. The base step involves proving by hand the cases arising from diagram chasing using appropriate short exact sequences. Proving satisfactorily the maximal rank hypothesis requires proving certain statements for all possible cases. This paper presents a bound that guarantees inclusivity of the base cases arising in the proof of maximal rank hypothesis for P^4 using the method of Horace.

  •  Page(s): 45-47
  •  Date of Publication: 03 October 2020

 B. Owino
Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Technical University of Kenya

References

 

[1] Lorenzini, A. (1993), The Minimal Resolution Conjecture, J. Algebra 156, 5-35.
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[12] Owino,B. (2019), On the method of Horace for free resolutions in Pn, International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics, Vol. 6, no. 2, 8-14.

B. Owino “Bound for maximal rank hypothesis for p4” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.45-47 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/45-47.pdf

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Female Headship and Poverty in Sri Lanka: A Household Level Analysis

Achini Jayathilaka, M.D.J.W Wijesinghe September 2020 Page No.: 48-52

The main objective of this study is to identify the relationship between female headed households and poverty. Secondary data were obtained from the Household Income and Expenditure survey (HIES) 2009/10 conducted by the Department of Census and Statistics to analyze the poverty of female headed households at a national level. The sample size was 20137 households. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for the analysis. The study found that gender of the household head, ethnicity, and employment status of the head, residential sector, marital status and province are significantly affected on poverty among the households. Further, it revealed that Female headed households are poorer up to a percentage of 60 in comparison to male headed households. Poverty is higher among widows and the married group. The findings of the study highlighted that better education, investment in skill training and promotion of social dialogue between industrial partners to create a working environment is critical to encourage women to engage in marketing activities and it will reduce poverty among them.

  •  Page(s): 48-52
  •  Date of Publication: 03 October 2020
  •  Achini Jayathilaka
    Department of Economics and Statisitcs, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka
  •  M.D.J.W Wijesinghe
    Department of Economics and Statisitcs, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka.

References

 

[1] Aseefa. M (2003) .Female headed households and poverty in urbanEthiopia, Availableat: http://www.africanchildinfo.net/documents/Female_headed_hhs.pdf
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[3] Chant. S. (1997) Women-Headed Households Diversity and Dynamics in the Developing World. Available at http://www.palgraveconnect.com pc/doifinder/view/10.1057/9780230378049
[4] Chant,S.(2003) Female Household headship and the Feminisation of Poverty: Facts, Fictions and Forward Strategies, Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/574/femaleHousehold Headship. pdf
[5] Chant,S. (2008) ‘The ‘Feminisation of Poverty’ and the ‘Feminisation’ of Anti-Poverty Programmes: Room for Revision? ‘, Journal of Development Studies , Vol 44(No 2). Available at: http://www.pesonal.lse.ac.uk/chant/chantpublications/jdsarticle _ content.pdf
[6] Das .S(2015 )Headed Households And Poverty: Analysis Using Household Level Data , Available at file:///C:/Users/MS0DDB~1.JAY/AppData/Local/Temp/WorkingPaper133.pdf
[7] Department of Census and Statistics (2012) Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2012/13: Department of Census and Statistics.
[8] Dreze J, Srinivasan PV. 1997. Widowhood and poverty in rural India: some inferences from household survey data. Journal of Development Economics 54(2)
[9] Gangopadhyay .S and Wadhwa. W. (2003) Are Indian female-headed households more vulnerable to poverty, Available at: http://www.researchgate.net/…/238622873
[10] Gunathilaka. R (2013) Women’s Participation in Sri Lanka’s Labour Force: Trends Drivers and Constraints, Availableat http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—ilo colombo/documents/publication/wcms_215445.pdf
[11] Javed,Z.A and Asif,A. (2011) Female Households and Poverty: A Case Study of FaisalabadDistrict, Available at http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/IJPDS/article-abstract/ B61578E41008
[12] Maclanahan . S, Garfinkel. I and Watson, D (1983) .Family Structure Poverty and Underclass. Available at http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/86-13.pdf
[13] Meenakshi, J.V. and Ray, R. (2002). Impact of household size and family composition on poverty in rural India, Journal of Policy Modeling.
[14] Kimenyi.M.S and Mbaku. J.M (1995) ‘Female Headship, Feminization of Poverty and Welfare ‘, Southern Economic Jornals, Vol 62(No 1), Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/1061374?origin=JSTOR-pdf
[15] Mutavi.T,Kokonya. D,Muliro.M,Obondo,A,Wariua.P and Ocharo.P (2013) The Magnitude of Poverty among Female Headed Households in Yathui and Central Division, Machakos District, Kenya’, International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 4 (No. 6) .Available at http://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_6_June_2013/25.pdf
[16] Rajaram, R (2009) Female-headed households and poverty: evidence from the National Family Health Survey, Available at https://www.frbatlanta.us/documents/news/conferences/09-3rd_se_international_economics_paper_rajaram.pdf
[17] Rogan. M (2014) Poverty may have declined, but women and female-headed households still suffer most, Available at http://www.econ3x3.org/article/poverty-may-have-declined-women-and-female-headed-households-still-suffer-most
[18] Schmitz, C. L. (1995) Reframing the Dialogue on Female-Headed Single-Parent Families, Available at http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/c_schmitz_reframing_1995.pdf
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[20] Snyder.A.R ,McLaughlin.D.K and Findeis.F (2006) Household Composition and Poverty among FemaleHeaded Households with Children: Differences by Race and Residence, Available at http://www.people.uwec.edu/bonstemj/GenderWork/women.bottom.pdf .
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Achini Jayathilaka, M.D.J.W Wijesinghe “Female Headship and Poverty in Sri Lanka: A Household Level Analysis ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.48-52 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/48-52.pdf

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An Evaluation of the Chemical and Radiological effect of Uranium in Rainwater from Selected Areas in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Ehiwe Isaac Osadebamwen, Aniesua Akpan Essiett and Edu Inam September 2020 Page No.: 53-56

The activity concentrations of uranium in rainwater from selected areas in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were measured by the means of a gamma-ray spectrometry using a sodium Iodide Thallium doped NaI (TI) detector. The results gotten were used to calculate the radiological risk of human over lifetime consumption by the population in the area. The mean activity concentration for Uranium in all the rainwater samples from all the areas was 5.2 + 0.88 Bq.L-1 with a range of 1.2 + 0.21 to 15.00 + 2.92 Bq.L-1. The mass concentration was obtained ranges from 46.74 ± 8.46 to 602.86 ± 117.67 µg.L-1. The radiological risks for cancer mortality risk ranged from 4.3 × 10-5 to 5.6 × 10-4, while that of the morbidity risk ranged from 6.5 × 10-5 to 8.5 × 10-4 these values were found to be low. The chemical toxicity was found to vary from 1.28 to 16.51 µg.kg-1.day-1 while the hazard quotient ranges from 2.13 to 27.53 and these values are above the recommended acceptable safe level by various international organizations. Therefore, it is recommended that regular monitoring of rainwater in these areas should be carried out and also, adequate measures such as providing clean and properly treated water to people living in those areas should be taken

  •  Page(s): 53-56
  •  Date of Publication: 05 October 2020
  •  Ehiwe Isaac Osadebamwen
    Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  •  Aniesua Akpan Essiett
    Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  •  Edu Inam
    Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

References

 

[1] Awudugba, A.O. and Tchokossa, P. (2008). Assessment of radionuclide concentration in water supply from bore-holes in Ogbomoso land, Western Nigeria: ind and Buil.Environ., 17(2):183-186.
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[6] Olomo, J.B., Tchokossa, P. and Aborisade, C.A. (2003). “Study of Radiation Protection guidelines in the use of Building Materials for Urban Dwellings in South- West Nigeria,”Nigeria journal of Physics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 7-13.
[7] Olomo, J.B. (1990). “The Natural Radioactivity in Some Nigerians Foodstuffs,” Nuclear Instruments methods in Physics Research A, Vol. 299, No. 1-3, pp. 666-669. doi: 10-1016/0168-9002(90)90866-5.
[8] Shultis, J. K. and Faw, R. E. (2007). Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering (2nd edition). CRC Pres. P.175. ISBN 978-1-4398-9408-8.
[9] Stabin, M. G. (2007). Radiation Protection and Dosimetry: An introduction to Health Physics. Springer. doi: 10-1007/978-0-387-49983-3. ISBN 978-0-387-49982-6.
[10] United Nation Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), (1988). “sources, effects and risks of Ionizing Radiation”, New York.
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[12] United States Environmental Protection Agency (2003). Current Drinking Water Standards, Ground water and drinking water protection agency, pp. 1–12.
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[14] World Health Organization (WHO) (2003). Guidelines for drinking water quality Health criteria and other supporting information, Geneva, 2nd edition., 2: 367–370.
[15] World Health Organization (WHO) (2008). Meeting the MDG drinking water and sanitation target: the urban and rural challenge of the decade. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
[16] Ye-shin K., Hoa-sung P., Jin-yong K., Sun-ku P., Byong-wook C., Ig-hwan S and Dong-Chun S (2004). Health risk assessment for uranium in Korean groundwater. J. Environ. Radioactivity, pp. 77-85

Ehiwe Isaac Osadebamwen, Aniesua Akpan Essiett and Edu Inam “An Evaluation of the Chemical and Radiological effect of Uranium in Rainwater from Selected Areas in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.53-56 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/53-56.pdf

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Properties of Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete Made With Recycled Concrete Aggregate

Adejo Jacob, E., Ka’ase Ephraim, T & Marafa Muhammad September 2020 Page No.: 57-63

Construction industry is a major consumer of materials in large quantities and a producer of large quantity of waste which had led to the gradual decrease of natural resources. Many researchers have utilized natural aggregates in the production of geopolymer concrete but few researches have been carried out producing geopolymer concrete using Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA). The research evaluates properties of metakaolin based geopolymer concrete (MKGPC) made with RCA. MKGPC was produced and cured at 60oC in the oven for 24hrs after which they were left to air dry in the laboratory.  Conventional Portland cement concrete (PCC) was produced to serve as control. MKGPC and PCC specimens containing RCA at varying percentages of 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were produced.  Cube moulds of size 100mm x 100mm x100mm was used to cast a total of 96 concrete and properties such as compressive and tensile strength, absorption and abrasion resistance were evaluated after curing ages of 7, 14, 28 and 56days. The average compressive strength obtained at 28 days of curing for PCC specimens with 0%, 20%, 30% and 40% RCA are 24.23N/mm2, 21.09N/mm2, 19.81N/mm2 and 19.37N/mm2, while for MKGPC specimens with same replacement of RCA are 31.54N/mm2, 31.17N/mm2, 28.55/mm2, 26.40N/mm2 respectively. The average split tensile strength of MKGPC specimen was 4.66%, 11.11% and 14.69% while PCC specimen had 15.38%, 23.49% and 25.90% respectively. Water abrasion resistance was found to be higher than the PCC specimens though its absorption capacity was higher than the PCC specimens. This shows that properties of MKGPC containing RCA is higher when compared to that of PCC containing RCA though it has high absorption capacity. The research recommends that metakaolin based geopolymer concete containing RCA up to 40% RCA could be used to produce concrete for structural use.

  •  Page(s): 57-63
  •  Date of Publication: 05 october 2020
  •  Adejo Jacob, E.
    Department of Building, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
  •  Ka’ase Ephraim,
    Department of Building Technology, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
  •  Marafa Muhammad
    Department of Building Technology, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Adejo, J. (2012). Comparison of the Properties of Concrete made with Natural Aggregate with Properties of Concrete Made with Recycled Aggregate. Unpublished Undergraduate Project, Department of Building, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
[2] Anuar K. A., Ridzuan, A. R. and Ismail, S. (2011). Strength Characteristic of Geopolymer Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate. International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 11(01).
[3] Anuradha, R., Sreevidya, V., Venkatasubramani, R. and Rangan, B. V. (2011). Modified Guidelines for Geopolymer Concrete Mix Design Using Indian Standard.Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. 354-364.
[4] Bachhav, S. S. and Dubbey, S. K. (2016). Effect of Geopolymer on Strength of Concrete. SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering. 3(1), 34-41.
[5] Benjamin, G. and Natelie, L. (2011). Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete with Recycled Aggregate. In: Proceeding of Concrete 2011 Conference, Perth, WA. The Concrete Institute of Austrelia.
[6] Davidovits, J. (1991). Geopolymers. Journal of Thermal Analysis, 37, 1633-1656.
[7] George, O. (2014). A Solution to the Problem of Recycled Concrete Aggregate. International Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 2(4), 1-6.
[8] Irfan, K. M., Khairun, A., Suriati, S., Ahmer A. S., Zakaria M, and Hafeez, U. (2014). Sodium Silicate Free Geopolymer As Coating Material: Adhesion To Steel. In: proceedings of 1st international conference on material. Retrieved from http://sciforum.net/conference/ecm-1. 1-8.
[9] James, S. T. (2009). Recycled Concrete Aggregate—A Viable Aggregate Source For Concrete Pavements. PhD Thesis, University of Waterloo, 1-206.
[10] Posi, P., Teerschanwit, C., Tanutong, C., Limkamoltip, S., Lertnimoolchai, S., Sata, V. and Chindaprasirt, P. (2013). Lightweight geopolymer concrete containing aggregate from recycled lightweight block. Material Design, 52, 580–586.
[11] Preethy, K. T., Binu, M. I. and Deepak, J. P. (2015). Assessment of Demolished Concrete as Coarse Aggregate in Geopolymer Concrete. In: 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology and Management. University of Delhi, Conference Center, New Delhi India. 2229-2241.
[12] Ramujee, K. and Potharaju, V. K. (2014a). Abrasion Resisatnce of Geopolymer and its Composites. In: Proceeding Material Science for 3rd International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterization (ICMPC), 6, 1961-1966.
[13] Ramujee, K. and Potharaju, M. (2014b). Development of Low Calcium Flyash Based Geopolymer Concrete. LACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology. 6(1), 1-4.
[14] Reddy, B. S., Varaprasad, J. and Reddy, K. N. K., (2010). Strength and Workability of Low Lime Fly-Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete. The Indian Journal of Science Technology, 3(12), 1188.
[15] Rangan, V. B. (2010). Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Geopolymer Cement and Concrete. Allied Publishers Private Limited, Mumbai, India. 68-106.
[16] Roesler, J. R. and Hunley, J. G. (2008). Performance of I-57 Recycled Concrete Pavement. Research Report, Illinois Center for Transportation, 48.
[17] Sata, V., Wongsa, A. and Chindaprasirt, P. (2013). Properties of pervious geopolymer concrete using recycled aggregates. Constriction Building Material, 42, 33–39.
[18] Sherif, Y., Kareem, H., Annam, A., Amani, Z. and Hiba, I. (2015). Strength and Durability Evaluation of Recycled Aggregate Concrete. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials. 9(2), 291-239.
[19] Smith, J. T. and Tighe, S. L. (2008). Recycled Concrete Aggregate-A Viable Aggregate Source for Concrete Pavements. In: Report of 87th Annual Transportation Research Board Meeting. Washington, D.C.
[20] Swapna, K., Sarkar, A. k. and Rajamane, N. P. (2011). Nanosilica Improves Recycled Concrete Aggregate. Retrieved from: http://www.nbmcw.com/articles/admixtursadditives/20929-nanosilicate-improves-recycled-concrete-aggregate.html. On 20/03/2015.
[21] Valerie, S., and Assia, D. (2013). Improvement of recycled concrete aggregate properties by polymer treatments. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 2, 143 – 152.
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Adejo Jacob, E., Ka’ase Ephraim, T & Marafa Muhammad” Properties of Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete Made With Recycled Concrete Aggregate” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.57-63 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/57-63.pdf

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The Role of Packaging in Consumer Buying Behavior. A Case of Selected Small-Scale Entrepreneurs in Arusha City

James Lomayani, Msafiri Allen, PhD September 2020 Page No.: 64-69

Packaging is a critical factor in the buying decision-making process of the consumers. Therefore, understanding the role of packaging in consumer buying behaviour is necessary for small- scale entrepreneurs’ survivability. In this study descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to determine the role of packaging in consumer buying behaviour for the small- scale entrepreneurs in Arusha City. The findings revealed that the label of the package is important in the decision buying process, the quality of the packaging material is important during the buying process, and packaging color impacts consumer behavior during the buying process. Society culture, business culture, customer’s family culture, and customer’s lifestyle culture were important factors towards customers buying behavior. Also, the study indicated the existence of the relationship between the small-scale entrepreneurs packaging practices and the buying behavior of consumers in Arusha City were the factor for small-scale entrepreneurs to compete with other products from outside the country. The study recommended that small-scale entrepreneurs in Arusha City should be creative and innovative in terms of packaging. It was also recommended that the Government through the Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO) should train the small-scale entrepreneurs in Arusha City on packaging related matters to promote customer buying behavior.

  •  Page(s): 64-69
  •  Date of Publication: 05 October 2020
  •  James Lomayani
    Master of Strategic Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Arusha
  •  Msafiri Allen, PhD
    Ag. Dean, Faculty of Business, University of Arusha

References

 

[1] Agata, A.N. (2017). The influence of Product Packaging on the Millenial consumer’s buying Behaviour – A case study of the juice, nectar and still drinks category in Kenya. Master’s. Thesis. United States International University –Africa.
[2] Akhtar, I. (2016). Research Design. Research in Social Science: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308915548_Research_Design/citation/download
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[5] Chukwu, B.A. and Enugu, T.O. (2018). The impact of product packaging on consumers’ purchasing behavior in Benin Metropolis, Edo state, Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management. Vol. VI (4).pp.708-725.
[6] Deliya, M. M. and Parmar, B. (2012). Role of Packaging on Consumer Buying Behavior–Patan District. Global. Journal of Management and Business Research. Vol. 12 (10).
[7] Dudovskiy, J. (2013) Consumer buying behavior definition. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2vzKODy
[8] Kazimoto, P. (2014). Assessment of Challenges facing Small and Medium Enterprises towards Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences. Vol.4 (2).pp. 303–311. Incomplete citation
[9] Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd Revised Edition). New Delhi: New Age International Publishers Ltd.
[10] LaMarco, N. (2019). Importance of Product Packaging in Marketing. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-product-packaging-marketing-648.html.
[11] Lymo, S.E.(2014). The Challenges and Prospects of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Accessing Credit Facility: A Case Study of Agricultural Inputs Sellers and Distributors in Arusha City. Master’s Thesis. Open University of Tanzania
[12] Lundberg, C., & Fredman, P. (2012). Success factors and constraints among nature-based tourism entrepreneurs. Current issues in tourism, 15(7), 649-671.
[13] Mazhar, M. Sayeda, D. Bhutto, M. and Mubeen, S.A. (2015). Impact of Product Packaging on Consumers Buying Behavior: Evidence from Karachi. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research.Vol.16.
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[15] Mousavi, S.A and Jahromi, M.M. (2014). Examining the relationship between packaging and consumer buying behavior. A case study: comparison of pasteurized 1.5l milk of brands Roozaneh and Mihan. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences. Vol. 4 (1).
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[17] Oppong, M., Owiredu, A., & Churchill, R. Q. (2014). Micro and small-scale enterprises development in Ghana. European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research, 2(6), 84-97
[18] Shah, S. Ahmad, A. and Ahmad, N. (2013). Role of Packaging in Consumer Buying Behavior. A study of University Students of Peshawar Region KPK Pakistan. International Review of Basic and Applied Sciences. Vol. 1 (2).
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James Lomayani, Msafiri Allen, PhD “The Role of Packaging in Consumer Buying Behavior. A Case of Selected Small-Scale Entrepreneurs in Arusha City” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.64-69 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/64-69.pdf

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Environmental Health Services and Environmental Quality in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Collins Ebubedike Onyeri, Ugboaja Ikechukwu Michael, Prisca Adanma Onyeri, Christopher I. Ogunka September 2020 Page No.: 70-83

This study is entitled Health Services and Environmental Quality in Ikwerre urban area of Rivers State’. The state which is one of the states in Nigeria endowed with petroleum resources, for a very long period has been exposed to environmental degradation and deterioration due to crude oil exploration and extraction activities. These activities go a long way to causing environmental pollution and its concomitant health problems in the local government areas and the whole state in general. For improved environmental health services to enhance Ikwerre urban environmental quality in the study area method of data collection in the field: random, sample data collection the questionnaires were administered to 400 respondents from eighteen communities in Ikwerre urban area. (y) And independent variables (x) for analysis, spatial presentation and descriptive statistics were used regression analysis were also used for analysis. The study found that there was low level environmental quality because of low level of environmental health services. Against the background of the result, a participatory environmental health management approach is recommended for improvement of environmental quality in Ikwerre local government area.

  •  Page(s): 70-83
  •  Date of Publication: 06 October 2020
  •  Collins Ebubedike Onyeri,
    ,Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ema Dominion International Schools Port Harcourt, University Of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Enugu State College Of Education Nigeria.
  •  Ugboaja Ikechukwu Michael,
    Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ema Dominion International Schools Port Harcourt, University Of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Enugu State College Of Education Nigeria.
  •  Prisca Adanma Onyeri,
    Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ema Dominion International Schools Port Harcourt, University Of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Enugu State College Of Education Nigeria.
  •  Christopher I. Ogunka
    Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ema Dominion International Schools Port Harcourt, University Of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Enugu State College Of Education Nigeria.

References

 

[1] Arimah, B.C, (1992) An Empirical Analysis of the Demand for Housing Attributes in a Third World city land Journal of Economics 68,366-379.
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Collins Ebubedike Onyeri, Ugboaja Ikechukwu Michael, Prisca Adanma Onyeri, Christopher I. Ogunka “Environmental Health Services and Environmental Quality in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.70-83 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/70-83.pdf

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Environmental Influence on the Functional and Pasting Properties of Sun Dried and Oven Dried Bitter Yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) Flour

Olasoju, S. A, Adesina, B. S, Amosu, A. O, Owoseni, J.A, Oniya O.O September 2020 Page No.: 84-88

This research work was carried out to investigate the effect of drying methods on functional properties and pasting behaviour of bitter yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) flour. Flour processed from bitter yam tubers was subjected to sun drying and oven drying methods at 4% moisture contents level, under the temperature of 32.3 ± 0.20C and 61.8 ± 0.20C at 6% respectively. The results showed that the oven-dried bitter yam flour had higher water absorption capacity (173g/g) and oil absorption capacity (341g/g) compare with lower values of 165g/ g, water absorption and 298g/g, oil absorption capacity for sun dried bitter yam flour. It was also observed that oven dried flour had lower foaming capacity and foaming stability of 5.3% and 3.5% respectively compared with sun dried flour with the values of 5.9% and3.9% for foaming capacity and foaming stability respectively. Furthermore, Sun-dried bitter yam flour showed greater pasting characteristics for peak viscosity (73.18 RVU) and breakdown (19.63 RVU) compared to that of oven-dried flour of peak viscosity (65.96 RVU) and breakdown (3.71 RVU). On the other hand, it was observed that oven dried flour possessed higher holding strength, final viscosity and setback pasting characteristic compared to sun dried flour. While the sun-dried flour produced higher peak viscosity and breakdown pasting characteristics compared to oven-dried flour, the peak time is insignificantly different. This study showed that a low temperature dry method (sun drying) could be employed for processing bitter yam into flour for considerable application in food formulations especially when flour with high functional characteristics for foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsion capacity and emulsion stability is to be considered. Oven dried bitter yam flour should be considered when high water absorption capacity, high oil absorption capacity and high reconstitution index are of high priority.

  •  Page(s): 84-88
  •  Date of Publication: 11 October 2020
  •  Olasoju, S. A
    Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational & Technical Education, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, PMB 007 Festac Town, Otto/Ijanikin, Lagos State, Nigeria
  •  Adesina, B. S
    Department of Agricultural and Bio – Environmental Engineering, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria
  •  Amosu, A. O
    Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational & Technical Education, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, PMB 007 Festac Town, Otto/Ijanikin, Lagos State, Nigeria
  •  Owoseni, J.A
    Departmental of Agricultural Education, School of Part-time Studies, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Otto/Ijanikin, Lagos State, Nigeria
  •  Oniya O.O
    Departmental of Agricultural Education, School of Part-time Studies, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Otto/Ijanikin, Lagos State, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Banigo, E.B. and Akpapunam, M.A. (1987): Physio-chemical and Nutritional evaluation of protein -enriched fermented maize flour. Nigerian Food Journal, 5:30-36.
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[15] Sathe, S.K., Desphande, S.S. and Salunkhe, D.K. (1982). Functional Properties of Winged Bean (Psophocarpustetragonolobus (L.) D) Proteins. J. Food Science, 47: 503-509
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Olasoju, S. A, Adesina, B. S, Amosu, A. O, Owoseni, J.A, Oniya O.O “Environmental Influence on the Functional and Pasting Properties of Sun Dried and Oven Dried Bitter Yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) Flour” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.84-88 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/84-88.pdf

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Micro Science Kits Intergration Approach: The Effect on Students’ Acquisition of Process Skills in Kenyan High School Physics

Fanuel Murundi Mukhuyu Wesonga September 2020 Page No.: 89-94

This study investigated the effect of integrated micro science kits on student’s acquisition of practical skills in physics practical work in form two students in Kakamega Central sub-county. Two research objectives guided the study and two null hypotheses were postulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study utilized quasi experimental design; specifically pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of six hundred and forty one (641) form two physics students. Two groups of the form two physics students from 16 secondary schools were a signed as experimental and control groups who participated in the study. The experimental group consisted of 319 students from 8 schools. They carried out experiments using micro science kits. The control group consisted of 321 students from the other 8 schools. The control group performed experiments using conventional apparatus. A Physics Process Skill Checklist (PPSC) was used for Data Collection. The instrument was validated by experts and the reliability co-efficient obtained was 0.84 using the test-retest method and followed by the Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation as descriptive statistics while t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were the inferential statistics used to test the hypotheses test at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that students’ use of micro science kits had a significant effect on science process skill acquisition in physics practical work. It also revealed that school type was a significant factor in students’ science process skill acquisition in physics. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended among others that teachers’ should update their knowledge on the integration of micro science kits in teaching of practical work for enhancement of students’ acquisition of science process skills in physics

  •  Page(s): 89-94
  •  Date of Publication: 12 October 2020
  •  Fanuel Murundi Mukhuyu Wesonga
    St. Mary Goretti Shikoti Girls’ High School, Kenya

References

 

[1] Abdullah M, Ismail Z and Mohamed N, (2005), Microscale experimentation in teaching Chemistry. In M. Ismail, S. Osman and H.Yunus (Eds), Proceeding for seminar Pendidikan JPPG 2005-Education for sustainable development. Penang:UniversitiSains Malaysia. Pp29- 57.
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[5] Hanson R, Sakina A, (2014), Enhancing concept understanding through the use of micro chemistry equipment and collaborative activities. Journal of Education and Practice; Vol 5 pp 120-130.
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Fanuel Murundi Mukhuyu Wesonga “Micro Science Kits Intergration Approach: The Effect on Students’ Acquisition of Process Skills in Kenyan High School Physics” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.89-94 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/89-94.pdf

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Validation of Egli Model and Estimation of Pathloss Exponent of a Radio Signal at VHF Band in Hilly Terrain

Aremu Olaosebikan Akanni, Anie Nicholas Oliseloke September 2020 Page No.: 95-100

Pathloss exponent is one of the most important parameter which has been considered widely in wireless communications analysis. It determines the rate at which the signal reduces as the distance (LOS) between the transmitter and the receiver increases and this parameter enhances the effective propagation of radio signal. This paper investigated the radio signal propagation profiles at 88 MHz at various elevation levels. In this work, a Retekess TR501 FM long range instrumentation was used as transmitter. This instrument is capable of transmitting audio signal at VHF band and the signal strength was measured quantitatively across the regions along several routes with the aid of a hand held spectrum analyzer. A global positioning system (GPS) receiver was used to determine the elevation above ground level and the geographic coordinates for four different itinerary in hilly environment. The line of sight (LOS) of the various data points from the transmitter was determined using a digital distance meter. The measured data obtained were compared with existing standard models (Free-space, Egli and Irregular terrain model). The findings revealed that, the average measured values was in good agreement with optimized Egli model having the MAE of 7.10 dB, MAPE of 3.20% and RMSE of 4.80 dB which is within the acceptable international standard range while Free space model underestimated the measured values. The work also shows that the path loss increases with increasing line of sight and the mean path loss exponent obtained in this region is 2.18 which is within the acceptable international standard range for urban environment. Furthermore, it was revealed that, radio signal strength depend directly on elevation regardless of LOS between transmitter and receiver, that is, the signal strength is enhanced at higher elevation point than lower elevation.

  •  Page(s): 95-100
  •  Date of Publication: 12 October 2020
  •  Aremu Olaosebikan Akanni
    Physics Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan. P.M.B 22, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria
  •  Anie Nicholas Oliseloke
    Physics unit, General Studies Department, Federal School of Surveying, Oyo. P.M.B. 1024, Oyo, Nigeria

References

 

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Aremu Olaosebikan Akanni, Anie Nicholas Oliseloke “Validation of Egli Model and Estimation of Pathloss Exponent of a Radio Signal at VHF Band in Hilly Terrain” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.95-100 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/95-100.pdf

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Firm’s Characteristics and Cash Holdings: Evidence from Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya

Nnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka, Ofoegbu, Grace N., Nnubia, Juliet Chinelo September 2020 Page No.: 101-118

The study examined the relationship between firm’s characteristics and cash holdings of listed consumer and industrial goods firms in Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya. Out of 35, 23 and 15 listed consumer and industrial goods firms in Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya respectively, we sampled fifty-two (33 for Nigeria, 12 for South Africa and 7 for Kenya) firms for a period of 8 years (from 2011-2018). The main type of data used in this study is secondary in nature; sourced from the financial statements of the selected firms via Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), and Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). This study applied ex-post facto research design. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation matrix. The results revealed that in South Africa, firm size (FSIZE) was statistically significant at 5% with its t-value as 2.083134 and p-value as 0.0400; while in both Nigeria and Kenya, it was statistically insignificant at 5% with its t-values as -1.000160 and-1.900007 and p-values as 0.3182 and 0.0631 respectively. In Kenya, leverage (LEVG) was statistically significant at 5% with its t-value as 3.850902 and p-value as 0.0003; while in both Nigeria and South Africa, it was statistically insignificant at 5% with its t-values as 0.985502 and -0.584775 and p-values as 0.3253 and 0.5601 respectively. In Nigeria and Kenya, profitability (PROF) was statistically significant at 5% with its t-values as 5.889308 and 4.249736 and p-values as 0.0000 and 0.0001 respectively; while in South Africa, it was statistically insignificant at 5% with its t-value as 0.435708 and p-value as 0.6641. Finally, dividend policy (DIVP) was statistically insignificant at 5% in Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya with its t-values as -1.098510, 1.691096 and 1.234615 and p-values as 0.2730, 0.0942 and 0.2226 respectively. In view of the discoveries of our investigation, a financial specialist can sensibly reason that an organization with high leverage ought to like to hold more money. The higher leverage recommends higher office costs; this may be because of the potential size of riches move from obligation holder to investors. Thus, insightful supervisors will need to abstain from holding over the top money saves as this would pull in examination from the capital markets.

  •  Page(s): 101-118
  •  Date of Publication: 14 October 2020
  •  Nnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka
    Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria.
  •  Ofoegbu, Grace N.
    Department of Accountancy, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria.
  •  Nnubia, Juliet Chinelo
    Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria

References

 

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Nnubia, Innocent Chukwuebuka, Ofoegbu, Grace N., Nnubia, Juliet Chinelo “Firm’s Characteristics and Cash Holdings: Evidence from Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.101-118 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/101-118.pdf

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Perception of Teacher’s on Democratic Leadership Styles of Principal’s in Secondary Schools in Sokoto State

Shafa’atu Yunusa, Ladi Muhammad Bello, Aliyu Malam Bala & Bashar Ibrahim September 2020 Page No.: 119-123

The study investigated the perceptions of Teachers on Democratic Leadership Style of Principals in Secondary Schools in Sokoto State. The specific objective that guided the study was; to analyze the extent to which secondary school teachers in Sokoto perceive Principals democratic leadership style, the study was basically based on descriptive survey design that employed quantitative method. The total number of population under study was 500. 217 questionnaires were administered to the respondents. The sampling techniques were Stratify sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires which were based on four likert scale, 1 for strongly Disagree, 2 for Disagree 3 for Agree and 4 Strongly Agree the researchers treating all the research questions one after another using descriptive statistic of a computer program called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The data was once again presented in simple percentages and frequency. However, mean scores were used by the researcher to find out the extent of teachers’ perception of the principals Democratic leader style. it was found that principals’ democratic leadership style are made of Principal allows teachers to participate in determining school resources allocation and utilization, encourage teachers to participate in decision making, consult teachers before making decisions on academic programs and involves teachers in organizing academic activities in the school. Overall, there is high teachers’ perception of the principals’ democratic leadership style in secondary schools in Sokoto State.

  •  Page(s): 119-123
  •  Date of Publication: 14 October 2020
  •  Shafa’atu Yunusa
    Department of General Studies, Shehu Shagari College of Educaion Sokoto State, Nigeria
  •  Ladi Muhammad Bello
    Department of Adult and Non-formal Education, Shehu Shagari College of Educaion Sokoto State, Nigeria
  •  Aliyu Malam Bala
    Department of Educational Foundation Shehu Shagari College of Educaion Sokoto State, Nigeria
  •  Bashar Ibrahim
    Department of Adult and Non-formal Education, Shehu Shagari College of Educaion Sokoto State, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Adeyemi T.O. (2010). Principals’ leadership styles and teachers Job performance in senior secondary schools in Ondo state, Nigeria: (Unpublished masters-Dissertation) University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
[2] Douglass Mc gregor, (1961) management Style and leadership. Internet publication. Journal of Applied Psychology, 52(7), 32-45.
[3] Heenan & Bennis. (1995). Management concepts and practices. London, pitmen publishing company.
[4] James & Colenny (2000). Leadership skills and influence in schools, Harvard University press.
[5] Morgan & kreycies (1978) Table for determining sample size from a given population.
[6] Macibi, N.A (2005). Pertinent issues in management Human Resources and educatio management. Net media publishers Ltd, Kampala Okumbe, J.A. (1999). Educationalmanagement: Theory and practice; Nairobi: Nairobi University press.
[7] Mba, J. (2004). Strategic management center. Punch Lagos; Punch newspaper, PP.11-24. measure, Review of Educational Research. 68/2, 202-246.
[8] Owing, J.A (1988). Educational management; Theory and practice, Nairobi; Nairobi University press.
[9] Okumbe, J.A (1999). Educational management; Theory and practice, Nairobi; Nairobi University press.
[10] Sokoto State Ministry of Education Board, SSMEB (2014). Supervision and Inspection Committee report. Five Star Western By Pass Sokoto.

Shafa’atu Yunusa, Ladi Muhammad Bello, Aliyu Malam Bala & Bashar Ibrahim “Perception of Teacher’s on Democratic Leadership Styles of Principal’s in Secondary Schools in Sokoto State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.119-123 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/119-123.pdf

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Re-evaluating the Factors confronting Quality Education in Secondary Schools in Delta State

EMORDI, Promise Jude, Nwamaka, Patricia Ibeme (PhD), NNAMANI, Victus Sunday, AUGUSTA, C.Okonkwo September 2020 Page No.: 124-132

Since the return to democracy in 1999, Delta Sate is yet to achieve its grand quest of free quality education for its indigenes. Rather, the war against illiteracy, students drop-out, teachers strike actions and other insecurity challenge that distorts the realization of quality education in public secondary schools remains unabated. The study examined emerging and existing factors that confront the realization of quality education in secondary schools in Delta State. Methodologically, the study strictly utilized the documentary method and data were sourced through the secondary sources and analyzed in content. The study found that insecurity and global health crisis as emerging factors will worsen the existing leaning inequalities among secondary school students in Delta State. Also, if these emerging factors are not tamed, they will solidify with the existing factors to thwart government efforts towards achieving quality education in the State. The study recommended among others: that the ministry of Basic Education in synergy with other stakeholders should fence and provide security personnel to porous schools.

  •  Page(s): 124-132
  •  Date of Publication: 15 October 2020
  •  EMORDI, Promise Jude
    Post-Graduate Students; Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
  •  Nwamaka, Patricia Ibeme (PhD)
    Department of Public Administration, National Open University, Nigeria
  •  NNAMANI, Victus Sunday
    Department of Public Administration,University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
  •  AUGUSTA, C.Okonkwo
    Post-Graduate Students; Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Akanzua, O. (2016. August 22). Delta teachers to dialogue with government over salary, others. The Guardian Newspaper. Source: https://m.guardian.ng/news/delta-teachers-to-dialogue-with-government-over-salary-others/
[2] Akepeli, A.O. (2020, July 23). Delta State Education Marshals: the prospects and challenges in influencing compulsory education. Source: https://www.dutable.com/2019/03/08/delta-state-education-marshal-the-prospects-and-challenges-in-influencing-compulsory-education/
[3] Akhaine, S.O. (2016, October 27). Education in the age of neo-liberalism: local and external contact. Vanguard newspaper
[4] Akporobaro, K. (2015). Sustenance of education sector reforms in Nigeria through adequate participation by all stakeholders. Int. NGO J. 4(6), 104-108.
[5] Aluede, R. O. A. (2015). Universal Basic Education in Nigeria: Matters arising. Journal of Human Ecology. 20(2), 97-101
[6] Asiyai, R.I. (2013). Challenges of Higher Education in Nigeria in the 21st Century. International Journal of Educational Planning and Administration. Vol.3, No. 2(pp.159-172).
[7] Awoh, F. (2018, September 2). Why we stopped Edumarshal Programme in Delta—Ebie. Vanguard Newspaper. Source: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/why-we-stopped-edumarshal-programme-in-delta-ebie/
[8] Azukaego, U. (2013, September 11). Delta EduMarshals: an overview of its first quarter performance. The Pointer Newspaper
[9] Azukaego, U. (2020, July 4). Giant strides in Delta’s primary, post-primary education system. The Pointer Newspaper
[10] Azukaego, U., Bienose, K. & Iyowu, F. (2020, July 6). Delta spends N22.6Bn. The Pointer Newspaper
[11] Bienose, K. (2013, July 7). Enter Education Marshals. The Pointer Newspaper
[12] Daily Trust (2019, March 28). Delta says Public Schools Pupil’s shouldn’t Pay Fees. Daily Trust Newspaper
[13] EduMarshals: Eradicating Street Culture (2015). Retrieved from:https://edumarshals.com
[14] Emordi, P.J. (2019). Neo-liberal reforms and poverty reduction in Nigeria, 2015-2019. (An unpublished M.Sc thesis). Submitted to the department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu.
[15] Emordi, P.J. (2020, August 23). Quality Education in Delta State: Issues Arising. Retrieved from: https://judeokonji024.wixsite.com/emordipromisejude/post/quality-education-in-delta-state-issues-arising
[16] Geo-Jaja, M.A. (2010). Social exclusion, poverty and educational inequality in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: which development framework. In, J. Zajda & M.A. Geo-Jaja (Eds.). The Politics of educational reforms (111-136). Australia: Springer
[17] Habib, Z .& Ahmed, S.H. (2012). Managing development in a globalized world: concepts, processes, institutions. London: CRC Press
[18] Iduh, B. (2013). Compulsory education for children: Uduaghan inaugurates Education Marshals.
[19] Igbuzor, O. (2014). The state of education in Nigeria. Being a keynote address delivered at a round table organised by Civil Society Action Coalition on Education for All (CSACEFA) on 3rd July.
[20] Odu, M. (2013). A systematic review of the Delta State free and compulsory education: Challenges and prospects. Educational Review Bulletin.
[21] Ogbogu, A. (2020, July 5). Education: harvest of success stories. The Pointer Newspaper
[22] Okonjo, C. (2017). Universal tertiary education (UTE) for all Nigerians: on reforming and sustainably financing Nigerians education system. Ibadan: Safari Books LTD
[23] Okoro, E., Uzeme, Y. & Odu, M. (2015). The prospect of UBE programme in Delta State, Southern Nigeria. International NGO Journal 4(2), 46-49.
[24] State Ministry of Basic and Primary Education (2015). Education for all: The Delta state perspective. Asaba: State Ministry of Basic and Primary Education
[25] The Nation (2013, September 27). Delta battles truancy in schools with Edu-Marshals. The Nations Newspaper; Retrieved from: https://thenationonlineng.net/delta-battles-truancy-in-schools-with-edu-marshals/
[26] The Nation (2019, July 26). Principal to refund N12m in Delta. The Nations Newspaper; retrieved at: https://thenationonlineng.net/principal-to-refund-n12m-in-delta/
[27] The Nation (2020, March 6). Delta schools where children of the poor learn with tears. The Nations Newspaper
[28] The Nations (2019, September 12). Delta approves N1.5b for UBEC projects. The Nations Newspaper; retrieved at: https://thenationonlineng.net/delta-approves-n1-5b-for-ubec-projects/
[29] The Pointer (2013, July 6). Boosting education system in Delta State. The Pointer Newspaper
[30] The Pointer (2019, July 6). Insecurity- Attack on teachers at Isele-Azagba. The Pointer Newspaper
[31] The Pointer (2020, July 6). Delta blames communities for destruction of schools infrastructure. The Pointer Newspaper. Source: https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=69970
[32] The Pointer (2020, June 20). Delta reaffirms zero tolerance for illegal levies in schools. The Pointer Newspaper. Source from: https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=68267
[33] The Pointer (2020, September, 5). Teacher’s welfare remains top priority in Delta — Okowa. The Pointer Newspaper
[34] Uleme, M. (2015). Historical analysis of educational policy formulation in Nigeria: Implication for educational planning policy. International Journal of African and African-American Studies: 4(2), 69.
[35] United Nations Report (2014). Delta State Development Performance: education sector policy brief, 1991-2014. Abuja: United Nations Country Office-Nigeria
[36] Vanguard (2015. February 28). Uduaghan’s education story: how he changed Delta schools. Vanguard Newspaper. Retrieved from https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/02/uduaghans-education-story-how-he-changed-delta-schools/amp/
[37] Vanguard (2018, April 28). Peaking Delta State educational standard. Vanguard Newspaper. Source: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/peaking-delta-state-educational-standards/amp/
[38] Vanguard (2020, February 27). Okowa’s efforts at transforming education in Delta. Vanguard Newspaper. Source: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/02/okowas-efforts-at-transforming-education-in-delta/

EMORDI, Promise Jude, Nwamaka, Patricia Ibeme (PhD), NNAMANI, Victus Sunday, AUGUSTA, C.Okonkwo “Re-evaluating the Factors confronting Quality Education in Secondary Schools in Delta State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.124-132 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/124-132.pdf

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Chemistry by Guided Inquiry and Students’ Academic Achievement in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria

W. Chinda, B. Ikiroma September 2020 Page No.: 133-139

The study was designed to determine the effect of guided inquiry teaching strategy on students’ academic achievement in Chemistry. To this end three research questions which were transformed into three hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted the quasi experimental design of the pre-test post-test nonequivalent control group design. One hundred year two undergraduate students of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education and Rivers State University were randomly selected and assigned into two groups; fifty students for the experimental group (guided inquiry group) and the other fifty students for the control group (discussion group). After four weeks of the teaching of the twelve principles of Green Chemistry such as waste preventions, atom economic, less hazardous chemical synthesis, designing safer chemicals, safe solvent and auxiliaries design for energy efficiency, use of renewable feed stocks, reduce derivatives. catalysis, design for degradation, real-time pollution prevention and safer chemistry for accident prevention, a 36 multiple choice objective questions which was well validated and had a reliability co-efficient of 0.92 were administered to the students in the two groups before and after the application of the teaching strategies on the two groups. Mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA were the statistical tools used for data analysis. The result of the study reveals that students in the experimental group i.e. guided inquiry group did significantly better than their counter part in the control group i.e. discussion method group. It was also found out that student achievement do not significantly differ on the basis of university type. In addition, degree types (B.Sc./B.Sc.Ed) has significant influence on student achievement in favour of the B.Sc. students. Consequently, it was recommended among others that guided inquiry as a teaching strategy should be adopted by university lectures in delivery their lesson especially in the teaching of concept such as Green Chemistry.

  •  Page(s): 133-139
  •  Date of Publication: 15 October 2020
  •  W. Chinda
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, P.M.B. 5047, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
  •  B. Ikiroma
    Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, P.M.B. 5047, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Abraham, T.W. (2011). Challenges of Teaching Chemistry. Open Access and Academic Journal, 2(1), 61-70.
[2] Achuonye, K.A. & Ajoku, L.I. (2013). Foundations of curriculum development and implementation. Port Harcourt: Pearl Publishers.
[3] Ajienka (2019). Blessed are the Teacher. A paper presented at the 10th Anniversary of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria 20th August, 2019.
[4] Alamina, J.I. (2001). Fundamentals Principles of Science Teaching and Learning. Port Harcourt: Votex publishers.
[5] Anastas, P.T & Warner, J.C. (1998). Green Chemistry Theory and Practice. Uk: Oxford University Press.
[6] Bromfield-Lee, D.C. (2019). Re-Casting traditional organic experiments into green, guided- inquiry based experiment; Student Perceptions. Journal of Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 12(2), 1-14.
[7] Chinda, W. & Ikiroma, B. (2020). An investigation of Undergraduate Chemistry Education Student Mastery and Use of Standard Nomenclature in Rivers State. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 7(1), 66 -72.
[8] Chinda, W. (2011). Culture and Motivation as Determinates of Performance in Chemistry. African Journal of Professional Research in Human Development, 7 (3), 60-69.
[9] Chinda, W. (2011). Green Chemistry and Sustainable Development. Haitan Research Journal on Development Studies, 9(4), 84 – 87.
[10] Edomwonyi-Ofu, L. & Avaa, A. (2011). The Challenge of Effective Teaching of Chemistry. Leonardo Electronic Journal of practices and Technologies, 10(18), 1- 8.
[11] Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2020). Guided Discovery Learning. Retrieved 25 March 2020 from www.edutech.wiki.unige.chehttp//www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article-presenting-newlanguage
[12] Ivankovic, A., Dronjic, A., Bevanda, A.M. & Talic, S. (2017). Review of 12 Principles of Green Chemistry in Practice. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 6(3), 39-48.
[13] Jegede, S.A. (2012). Nigeria Students’ Perception of Technical words in Senior Secondary School Chemistry Curriculum. Pakistan Journal of Education, 5(3), 205-220.
[14] Kuhthau, C.C., Manioks, L.K. & Caspari, A.K. (2018). Guided inquiry learning in the 21st century. Retrieved from http://aes-as-in-ubguides.comk.php?=768531.
[15] Lancester, M. (2002). Green Chemistry an Introductory Text. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
[16] Nwafor, C. L. & Nwanekezi, A.U. (2018). Effects of Guided Inquiry and Test Hierarchy analysis model in Cooperative Learning Strategy on Chemistry Students’ Performance in Imo State. European Scientific Journal, 14(25), 54-62.
[17] Nwanekezi, A.U. & Arokoyu, A.A. (2014). Teaching Integrated Science Constructively. Port Harcourt: Soteria Publishing House.
[18] Okoth, R., Keener, J., Laner, M., & Rosado-Flores, P. (2019). A Guided-inquiry experiment: Separation of Five Component Mixture by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Column Chromatograph. Journal of Laboratory Chemical Education, 7(1), 19-21.
[19] Salah, H.E. & Koller, M. (2018). Principles of Green Chemistry. Open access peer reviewed, dio:10.577/intechopen.71191. Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/book/greenchemistry/introductory-chapter-principle-of-green-chemistry.
[20] Teague (2016). Discovery through guided inquiry. Chemistry. London: Cornel Report Spring.
[21] Ugwu, S.H. (2015). Impact of Guided Inquiry Instructional Strategy on Chemistry Students’ Performance in Ikwuato Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria. Journal of Science and Technical Education, 4(1), 112-125.
[22] Vlassi, M.S. & Karaliota, A. (2013). The comparison between Guided inquiry and Traditional teaching method. A case study for the teaching of the structure of matter to 8th grade Greek students. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Science, 93, 494-491.
[23] Wood, H. (2018). Cleaning the cleaning industry: The truth about Green Chemistry. Citizen truth. Retrieved on 30th April 2020 from, https://www.Cleaning%20the%20Cleaning%20Industry%20%20The%20Truth%20About%20Green%20Chemistry%20-%20Citizen%20Truth.htm

W. Chinda, B. Ikiroma “Chemistry by Guided Inquiry and Students’ Academic Achievement in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.133-139 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/133-139.pdf

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Antibiogram of Salmonella Species Obtained from Environmental Samples in Ilishan-Remo Ogun State, Nigeria

Cajethan Onyebuchi Ezeamagu, Amarachukwu Joyce Anayo September 2020 Page No.: 140-142

Multi-drug resistance in Salmonella species is becoming a great problem in healthcare institutions resulting in high mortality rate due to its infections. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibiogram of Salmonella species obtained from various environmental samples in Ogun state. Samples (150) comprising faecal droppings of cow, goat, bird and pig as well as pond wastewater were obtained and Salmonella species were isolated using Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar and identified using analytical profile index. The susceptibility of the species was evaluated and interpreted according to CLSI guidelines. Fifty (50) species of Salmonella species were obtained and all (100%) were resistant to ceftazidime, gentamicin, while 92%, 90%, 48%, 46%, and 44% were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin respectively. Multi-drug resistance was noted in Salmonella species to at least three antibiotic classes. The results revealed high prevalence and multi-drug resistant Salmonella species in our environment. Hence measures should be implemented urgently to curb further spread of multidrug resistant Salmonella species in our environment.

  •  Page(s): 140-142
  •  Date of Publication: 15 October 2020
  •  Cajethan Onyebuchi Ezeamagu
    Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan
  •  Amarachukwu Joyce Anayo
    Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan

References

 

[1]. Willey, J. M., Sherwood, L. M., & Woolverton, C. J. (2008). Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology. 7th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill ISBN 978-0-071-10231 pp 309-311; 332-346; 816-833.
[2]. Rahman, S. H., & Othman, H. H (2017). Salmonella infection: The common cause of human food poisoning. Progress in Bioscience and Bioengineering. 1(1), 5-10.
[3]. Brooks, G. F., Carroll, K. C., Butel, J. S., Morse, S. A. & Mietzner, T. A. (2013). Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th Edition. New York: McGraw Publishers ISBN 978-0-07-181578-9 pp 150-163.
[4]. Antunes, P., Mourao, J., Campos J., & Peixe, L. (2016). Salmonellosis: The role of poultry meat. Clin. Microbiol. Infect, 22, 110-121.
[5]. Hao Van, T., Moutafis, G., Istivan, T., Thuoc, T.L. and Coloe, P.J. (2007). Detection of Salmonella Spp. in retail raw food samples from Vietnam and characterization of their antibiotic resistance. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73(21), 6885-6890.
[6]. Doublet, D., Boyd, D., Mulvey, M.R. and Cloeckaert, A. (2005). The Salmonella genomic island 1 is an integrative mobilizable element, 55(6):1911-1924.
[7]. Ahmed AKM, Islam MT, Haider MG, Hossain MM (2008) Sero prevalence and pathology of naturally infected Salmonellosis in poultry with isolation and identification of causal agents. J Bangladesh Agric Univ 6:327–334.
[8]. CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). (2016). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: CLSI M100-S26.
[9]. Detha, A. I. R. and Datta, F. U. (2016). Antimicrobial activity of traditional wines (sopi and moke) against Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. J. Adv.Vet. Animal Research, 3, 282-285.
[10]. Khan, M. F., Rahman, M. B., Khan, M. S., Nazir, K. H. and Rahman, M. . (2005). Antibiogram and plasmid profile analysis of isolated poultry Salmonella of Bangladesh. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 1614-1619.
[11]. Selvaraj, R., Das, R., Ganguly, S., Ganguli, M., Dhanalakshmi, S. and Mukhopadhayay, S. K. (2010). Characterization and antibiogram of Salmonella spp. from poultry specimens. J. Microbiol Antimicrob, 2(9), 123-126.
[12]. Divek, V. T., Nair, Kumar Venkitanarayanan, and Anup Kollanoor Jonny. (2018). Antibiotic- resistant Salmonella in the food supply and the potential role of antibiotic alternatives for control. Nat. Lib. Med, 7(10), 167.
[13]. Msemo, O.A., Mbwana, J., Mahende, C., Malabeja, A., Gesase, S., Crump, J.A., Dekker, D. and Lusingu, J.P.A. (2019). Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella enterica Bloodstream Isolates Among Febrile Children in a Rural District in Northeastern Tanzania: A Cross-sectional Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 68 (Suppl 2).
[14]. Bjelland, A.M., Sandvik, L.M., Skarstein, M.M., Svendal, L. and Debenham, J.J. (2020). Prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from reptiles in Norwegian zoos. Acta Vet. Scand 62, 3.

Cajethan Onyebuchi Ezeamagu, Amarachukwu Joyce Anayo “Antibiogram of Salmonella Species Obtained from Environmental Samples in Ilishan-Remo Ogun State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.140-142 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/140-142.pdf

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Influence of Geoclimatic Factor on Fade Depth for Wireless Link Design using Radiosonde Data

Aremu Olaosebikan Akann, Mufutau Jelili Adekunle September 2020 Page No.: 143-146

The concept of fading and signal propagation design remain very vital to a radio Engineer because of the unstable nature of environment the signal traversing. Precise estimation of Geoclimatic factor (K) and effective earth’s radius factor (k) which depends on temperature, relative humidity and pressure are highly essential for radio signal propagation in clear air so as to provide for fade margin. In this work, the Geoclimatic factor has been obtained using Radiosonde data for two different locations (Ibadan and Ilorin), Nigeria. The K-factor obtained was used to determine the multipath fade depth exceeded for 0.01% of time and the result revealed that the k and K have monthly variations and they are locations dependent. Specifically, Ibadan and Ilorin has annual mean geoclimatic factor of 0.000293 and 0.000185 respectively. Also, the annual mean k-factor obtained in the two locations are 1.475 and 1.548 respectively. These values are higher than the standard value of 1.33 as predicted by ITU-R and the implications of the result is that, propagation in this geographic locations are mostly Super-refractive. From the monthly and annual K-factor presented, the percentage of time a given fade depth exceeded for the 20 GHz increases rapidly with increasing link distance in the two locations and the fade depth also increases with increase in frequency at a fixed distance. This is due to the fact that as the path length increased, the multiple reflections leading to multipath also increases and this leads to multipath fading. The overall results can be used for microwave link design in these locations.

  •  Page(s): 143-146
  •  Date of Publication: 17 October 2020
  •  Aremu Olaosebikan Akann
    Physics Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan. P.M.B 22, UI Post Office, Oyo state, Nigeria
  •  Mufutau Jelili Adekunle
    Physics unit, General Studies Department, Federal School of Surveying, Oyo. P.M.B. 1024, Oyo, Nigeria

References

 

[1] ITU Radio communication Study Group III: “The Radio Refractive Index: Its formula and Refractivity Data”, ITU Radio communication Assembly, Document No. ITU-R P.453-7, 11 July 2003.
[2] ITU Radio communication Assembly “Propagation Data and Prediction Methods Required for the Design of Terrestrial Line of Sight Systems” ITU-R P.530-11 (1982-1986- 1990-1992-1994-1995-1997-1999-2000- 2001, 2005).
[3] ITU Radio communication Study Group III: “Effects of Tropospheric Refraction on Radio wave Propagation”, ITU Radio communications Assembly, Document No. ITU-R p.834-4 (1992-1994-1997-1999-2003).
[4] Olsen, R. I., Tjelta T (1999) “Worldwide Techniques for Predicting the Multipath Fading Distribution on Terrestrial LOS Links: Background and Results of Tests” IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, Vol. 47, No.1. pp.157-170.
[5] Olsen, R. I (1999) “Radio climatological Modeling of Propagation Effects in Clear-Air and Precipitation Conditions: Recent Advances and Future Directions” Proceedings of the Third Regional Workshop on Radio Communications in Africa Radio Africa ’99, Gaborone Botswana.
[6] Grabner, M., Kvicera, V., Pechac, P., Mudroch, M. (2010) Multipath fading measurement and prediction on 10 GHz terrestrial link,” Proceedings of IEEE 15th Conference of Microwave Techniques, 2010.
[7] Bogucki, J., Wielowieyska, E (2009) “Empirical season’s fading’s in radio communication at 6 GHz band,” Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, vol. 2, 4852.
[8] Barclay, H.M., Hewitt, M. (1996) ”Propagation of Radio waves. London: IEEE Press.
[9] Van de Kamp,M., Tervonen, J.K., Salonen,E.T and Baptista, J.P. (1999) “Improved models for long-term prediction of tropospheric scintillation on slant paths,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation., vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 249 – 260.
[10] ITU-R, “Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial
[11] Line-of-sight systems,” in Recommendation ITU-R P.530-15, Geneva, 2013.
[12] Freeman, R. L., (1997) Radio System Design for Telecommunications, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-471-75713-9.
[13] Odedina, P. K., Afullo, T. J. (2007) “Use of spatial interpolation technique for determination of geoclimatic factor and fade depth calculation in Southern Africa,” Proceedings of IEEE AFRICON Conference, Windhoek, Namibia, September 26(28)
[14] Afullo, T. J., Odedina, P. K. (2006) “On the K-Factor Distribution and Diffraction Fading for Southern Africa” South African Institute of Electrical Engineers Research Journal Vol. 97(2) pp 172-181.
[15] Odedina P.K., Afullo, T. J (2007) “Use of Spatial Interpolation Technique for the Determination of the Geoclimatic Factor and Fade Calculation for Southern Africa”, Proceeding of IEEE AFRICON conference 2007 ISBN: 0 – 7803 – 8606 – X. IEEE Catalog number: 04CH37590C, September 26 -28, Namibia.
[16] ITU-R, Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems,” Recommendation of ITU-R P.530-14, Geneva, 2012.

Aremu Olaosebikan Akann & Mufutau Jelili Adekunle ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.143-146 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/143-146.pdf

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Deep Neural Networks in the Discovery of Novel Antibiotics Drug Molecule: A Review

Michael Idowu Oladunjoye, Olumide Olayinka Obe September 2020 Page No.: 147-150

Machine learning methods have been used in various fields to enhance automation and the ability of computer to learn from experience for decades. Its application in drug discovery is emerging and is now being integrated into the process especially in the early stage for lead compounds screening. The antibiotic discovery process is cumbersome considering the duration and inadvertently the resultant cost. So, the application of deep neural networks will help in efficiency by reducing the duration of process and the overall cost of the process. A deep convolutional neural network successfully predicted new broad-spectrum antibiotic, Halicin, with other molecules with distinct structures. The deep learning models have been engaged to learn from known useful chemical compounds (molecules) with their biological activities. The use of the artificial intelligence techniques in the antibiotics discovery will be reviewed with focus on the deep neural networks model as compared with other methods.

  •  Page(s): 147-150
  •  Date of Publication: 17 October 2020
  •  Michael Idowu Oladunjoye
    Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
  •  Olumide Olayinka Obe
    Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

References

 

[1] F. Lake, “Artificial intelligence in drug discovery: what is new, and what is next.” Future Science. Available at https://www.future-science.com/. Accessed on 2020-06-04.
[2] “Drug Discovery and Development.” Available at http://www.astp4kt.eu/. Accessed on 2020-05-20.
[3] “A Scientific Roadmap for Antibiotic Discovery 2016.” Available at. https://www.pewtrusts.org/. Accessed on 2020-05-20
[4] L. Rajeev, “Antibiotic Discovery.”Available at https://www.labome.com/method/Antibiotic-Discovery.html. Accessed on 2020-04-15.
[5] S. Ortega, L. Cara and M. Salvador. “In silico pharmacology for a multidisciplinary drug discovery process,” Drug Metab Drug Interact, vol 27, no 4, pp. 199-207, 2012.
[6] P. Aparoy, K. K. Peddy and P. Reddanna, “Structure and Ligand Based Drug Design Strategies in the Development of Novel 5-LOX Inhibitors,” Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol 19, pp. 3763-3778, 2012.
[7] B. Blass, Basic principles of drug discovery and development. Elsevier Inc, 2015.
[8] J. D. Durrant and R. E. Amaro, “Machine-Learning Techniques Applied to Antibacterial Drug Discovery,” Chem Biol Drug Des, Special issue, pp. 14-21, 2015.
[9] B. Ramsundar, P. Eastman, P. Walters and V. Pande, Deep Learning for the Life Sciences: Genomics, Microscopy, Drug Discovery. USA: O’reilly, 1 ed., 2019.
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[14] B. Meriem and B. Mohamed, “Deep Learning for Ligand-Based Virtual Screening in Drug Discovery,” in PAIS Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Pattern Analysis and Intelligent Systems, pp. 201-209, 2018.
[15] S. Ou-yang, J. Lu, X. Kong, Z. Liang, C. Luo and H. Jiang, “Computational drug discovery,” Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. Vol. 33, pp. 1131-1140, 2012.
[16] I. Baskin, “The power of deep learning to ligand-based novel drug discovery,” Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, Vol. no. pp. 2020.
[17] V. Rees, “Discovering and Designing Drugs with Artificial Intellience,” Drug Target Review, 2020.
[18] G. Schneider, “Neural networks are useful tools for drug design,” Pergamon, Available at www.elsevier.com/. Accessed on 2020-03-23.
[19] M. Kubat, An Introduction to Machine Learning. Springer International Publishing. AG 2015, 2017.
[20] I. Wallach, M. Dzamba and A Heifets, “AtomNet: A Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Bioactivity Predictions in Structure-based Drug Discovery,” Available at https://www.arxiv-vanity.com/papers/. Accessed on 2020-04-23.
[21] R. Sabet, A. Fassihi, B. Hemmateenejad, L. Saghaei, R. Miri and M. Gholami, “Computer-aided design of novel antibacterial 3-hydroxypyridine-4-ones: application of QSAR methods based on the MOLMAP approach,” Jounal Computer Aided Mol Des., vol.26, pp 349-361, 2012.
[22] L. Terfloth and J. Gasteiger, “Neural networks and genetic algorithms in drug design,” Drug Discovery Today, vol 6, pp 102-108, 2001.
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[24] J. Stokes, K. Yang, K. Swanson, T. Jaakkola, R. Barzilay, J. Collins et al., “A Deep Learning Approach to Antibiotic Discovery,” Cell, Elsevier Inc, vol. 180, pp 688-702, 2020..
[25] “Intelligent Drug Discovery”, Available at https://www2.deloitte.com/. Accessed on 2020-05-23.
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Michael Idowu Oladunjoye, Olumide Olayinka Obe “Deep Neural Networks in the Discovery of Novel Antibiotics Drug Molecule: A Review” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.147-150 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/147-150.pdf

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The State of Noise Levels in Major Motor Parks in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

Salami, John Tolulope, Sawyerr, Henry Olawale, Oluwatuyi, Victor Shegun September 2020 Page No.: 151-157

Noise pollution is a major threat that affects the well-being of man in urban areas. This study assessed the noise pollution levels at major motor parks in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of Five (5) major motor parks were selected within the Metropolis namely: Offa garage motor park, Soludero Motor Park, Maraba motor park, New-Shao garage motor park and Saw-mill garage motor park. Noise levels assessment in the motor parks were measured using a Benetech GM 1357 factory-calibrated sound level meter. Measurements were taken at three points in each motor parks, making a total of fifteen points in all. The assessment took place in the morning between the hours of (6.00am-8:00am) ,afternoon (12-2:00pm) and evening (4:00-6:00pm) three times weekly in alternate days for four weeks. No night time assessments were made. The results revealed that with the exception of Offa garage motor park with 69.94 dB(A) that was slightly lower and within the 70 dB(A) WHO standard, all other motor parks had levels that were above the WHO recommended limit. Results showed exceedance of 60 dB(A) National Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) recommended permissible limit in all the motor parks. The motor park with highest noise levels is Saw-mill garage motor park with mean noise value of 74.45 dB(A) followed by New-Shao garage motor park with 72.24 dB(A) then Maraba motor park having 71.74 dB(A) while Soludero motor park had 71.48 dB(A) and the least noise level was recorded at Offa garage motor park with 69.94 dB(A) . This study provides and creates awareness on the implications of noise in motor parks .The lead source of noise is vehicular activities as observed during the assessement. The findings of the study provide information on the state of noise pollution in the motor parks and likely impacts on those that engage in activities in the motor parks. The study recommended that for vehicular noise pollution, it is important for the management of the motor parks to enlighten the drivers and vehicle owners the need to repair and maintain their vehicles to reduce the noise at source. Also, there is need for sporadic monitoring and assessment of noise levels in motor parks so as to provide relevant data on the state of noise levels in motor parks in urban centres, this will bridge up the data gap challenges. In ensuring the health effects of noise is prevented, there is need for the Ministry of Environment and other environmental regulatory agencies to create awareness and sensitize the public on the dangers of noise pollution. Strict actions on noise pollution should be done by the Ministry of Environment to ensure strict compliance to noise. Lastly, the need for periodic auditory examination and screening of motor park users and workers should be carried out for individuals who use and perform activities in motor parks.

  •  Page(s): 151-157
  •  Date of Publication: 17 October 2020
  •  Salami, John Tolulope
    Department of Environmental Health Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
  •  Sawyerr, Henry Olawale
    Department of Environmental Health Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
  •  Oluwatuyi, Victor Shegun
    Department of Environmental Health Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria

References

 

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[6] Anomohanran, O. and Osemeikhian, J.E.A (2006).Day and Night Noise Pollution Study in Some Majo Towns in Delta State, Nigeria. Ghana Journal of Science 46,47-54.
[7] Aslam, M.J, Aslam M.A., Batool. A (2008). Effect of noise pollution on hearing of public transport drivers in Lahore City. Pakistan J. Med Sci; 21:142-146.
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[10] Ebare, M.N, Omuemu , V.O, Isah, E.C (2011) Assessment of noise levels generated by music shops in an urban city in Nigeria. Public Health. 125(9):660-664.
[11] Essandoh, P.K and Armah, F.A (2011).Determination of Ambient Noise levels in the main Commercial Area of Cape Coast, Ghana. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences;3(6):637-644.
[12] Hammersen, F., Niewmann H., Hoebel J(2016).Environmental Noise Annoyance and Mental Health in Adults: findings from the Cross-Sectional German Health Update (GEDA) Study 2012.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Hleath.Vol.13.pp.954.
[13] Hinchcliffe, R. Review: Global perspective of noise-induced hearing loss as exemplified by Nigeria. J Audiolog Med. 2002; 11(1):1-24
[14] Hunashal, R.B., Patil, Y.B (2012) Assessment of noise pollution indices in the city of Kolhapur, India. Procedia Soc. Behav Sci. 37: 448-457.
[15] Ibekwe, T., Folorunso, D., Ebuta, A., Amodu, J., Nwegbu, M., Mairami, Z..,Nwaorgu, O. (2016). Evaluation of the environmental noise levels in Abuja municipality using mobile phones. Ann Ib Postgrad Med, 14(2), 58-64.
[16] Ibhadode, O., Oyedepo, O.S., Ogunro, A.S, Azeta, J., Solomon, B.O., Umanah, I.I, Apeh, E.S, Ayoola, A.R (2018). An Experimental-assessment of Human Exposure-levels to Aircraft Noise-hazards in the Neighbouring-environments of four Nigerian Airports, IOP Conf. Series: Mat Sci Engine .413(1): Article number 012080. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/413/1/012080
[17] Khilman, T (2004).Noise Pollution in Cities, Curtiba and Totenberg as examples In: Proceedings of the Seminar-Environmental Aspects of Urbanization-Seminar in Honour of Dr. Motafa Kamal Tolba, Gothenburg, Sweden in CD.
[18] Mangelekar, S.B., Jadhav, A.S. and Raut, P.D (2012).Study of Noise pollution in Kolhapur City, Maharashtra, India. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology.Vol.2, Issue 1:65-69.
[19] Munzel, T, Gori, T., Babisch, W., Basner, M (2014).Cardiovascular effects of environmental nois exposure. European Heart Journal;35 :829-836.
[20] National Environmental Standard Regulations Agency (NESREA) 2009. Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette; National Environmental Regulations (Noise Standards and Control). Vol.96:1299-389.
[21] Nwaka G. (2005). The Urban Informal Sector in Nigeria: Towards Economic Development, Environmental Health, and Social Harmony. Global Development (GUD)Vol.1(1):14pp.Available from:http://www.globalurban.org/Issue1PIMag05/NWAKA%20ar ticle.htm-5/1/07
[22] Okokpujie, K, Noma-Osaghae, E, Modupe ,O., John, S., Oluwatosin, O (2018).A smart air pollution monitoring system. Int J Civil Engine Technol.9(9):799-809.
[23] Omole, D.O., Ogbiye, A.S., Longe, E.O., Adewumi, I.K., Elemile, O.O., Tenebe, T.I (2018). Water quality checks on river atuwara, south-west Nigeria. WIT Trans Ecol Environ. 228:165-173. https://doi.org/10.2495/WP180171
[24] Onuu, M.U., and Menkiti, A.I (1993).Spectral Analysis of Road Traffic Noise in part of South Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Pure and Applied Science 6(2), 135-138.
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[27] Oyedepo, S.O and Saadu, A.A (2009).A comparative study of Noise pollution in some selected Areas of Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.Vol.158, 155-167.
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[29] Oyedepo, S. O. (2013). Development of noise map for Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. International journal of environmental studies, 70(4), 503-514.
[30] Oyeyemi, K.D., Aizebeokhai, A.P., Okagbue, H.I (2017). Geostatistical exploration of dataset assessing the heavy metal contamination in Ewekoro limestone, Southwestern Nigeria. Data in Brief. 14:110-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.041 PMid:28795088 PMCid:PMC5537382
[31] Paiva, K.M., Cardoso, M.R., and Zannin, P.H.T (2019). Exposure to road traffic noise: Annoyance, perception and associated factors among Brazil’s adult population. Sci Total Environ. 650:978-986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.041 PMid:30308872
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[37] Stansfeld, S.A., Berglund, C. Clack, et al. (2005). “Aircraft and road traffic noise and children’s cognition and health: a B. Crossnational study,” Lancet, vol. 365, no. 9475, pp. 1942–1949, 2005.
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[39] Usikalu, M. R., & Kolawole, O. (2018). Assessment of noise pollution in selected locations in Ota, Nigeria. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(9), 1212-1218.
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[42] World Health Organization (WHO) (2011). Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise. Quantification of Healthy Life Years Lost in Europe, World Health Organization: Copenhagen, Denmark

Salami, John Tolulope, Sawyerr, Henry Olawale, Oluwatuyi, Victor Shegun “The State of Noise Levels in Major Motor Parks in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.151-157 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/151-157.pdf

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Remarks on Commutativity Results for Alternative Rings With [x(x2 y2),x] = 0

Abubakar Salisu, Tasi’u Abdullahi Yusuf and Shu’aibu Salisu September 2020 Page No.: 158-159

In this article, it is shown that the commutativity of alternative ring satisfying the following properties: (p1) [x(x2 y2 ),x]=0 (p2) [x(xy),x]=0

  •  Page(s): 158-159
  •  Date of Publication: 17 October 2020
  •  Abubakar Salisu
    Science and Technical Education Board Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
  •  Tasi’u Abdullahi Yusuf
    Department of Mathematics and Statistics Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina, Nigeria.
  •  Shu’aibu Salisu
    Katsina State Science and Technical Education Board, Nigeria.

References

 

[1]. H.A.S Abu Jabal and M.A Khan. (1993) “Some Elementary commutativity theorem for Associative Rings”, Kyungpook Math J .1: 49-51.
[2]. Gupta.R.N. (1970). Nilpotent matrices with invertable transpose,proc.Amer.Math.Soc.,24, 572-575.
[3].Y. Madana Mohana Reddy, G. Shobhatha and D.V Ramin Reddy (2017) “Some Commutativity Theorem for non-associative rings” Math Archive, 5:379-382.
[4]. Madana Mohana Reddy and Shobha latha. (2020). On Commutativity for certain of Non-Associative Primitive Rings with: [x(〖xy)〗^2- (xy^2)x∈Z(R)].7: 292-294.

Abubakar Salisu, Tasi’u Abdullahi Yusuf and Shu’aibu Salisu “Remarks on Commutativity Results for Alternative Rings With [x(x2 y2),x] = 0″ International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.158-159 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/158-159.pdf

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The Influence of Gender and Self-Efficacy Beliefs on Students’ Motivation to Learn High School Mathematics in Laikipia County, Kenya

Mbuthia Ngunjiri (PhD) September 2020 Page No.: 160-163

This study examined the influence of gender and students’ self efficacy beliefs on motivation to learn secondary school mathematics in Laikipia County, Kenya. The study was guided by Keller’s ARCS model of motivation. Descriptive research design was employed in the study. The target population comprised of all 8357 Form Four students in Laikipia County .Simple random sampling was used to select sample schools and respondents. A sample of 392 students (276 males and 176 females) was selected for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Cronbach’s alpha was used to estimate the reliability of research instruments. Data was analyzed using t- test and simple regression analysis. The study findings revealed that male students had a significantly better motivation to learn mathematics than female students, and that students’ self-efficacy beliefs contributed significantly to students’ motivation to learn mathematics. The study concludes that mathematics teachers should apply appropriate motivational and self- efficacy enhancement strategies in improving students’ motivation to learn mathematics.

  •  Page(s): 160-163
  •  Date of Publication: 18 October 2020
  •  Mbuthia Ngunjiri (PhD)
    ,Laikipia University, Kenya.

References

 

[1] Ayotola, A,& Adedeji, T. (2009). The relationship between mathematics self efficacy and achievement in mathematics. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 953-957.
[2] Bandura, A. (1986).Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
[3] Bandura, A. (1994), Self-Efficacy, In V.S. Ramachaudran (Ed.) Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol 4,pp. 71-81). New York: Academic Press
[4] Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New Yolk W.H: Freeman and Company.
[5] Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp. 307- 337) Greenwich CT: Information Age.
[6] Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G.V.& Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children aspiration and career trajectories Child Development, 72(1), 187-206.
[7] Brophy, J. (2004). Motivating students to learn. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[8] Driscoll, M. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
[9] Eggen, P.& Kauchak,D.(2004) . New jersey: Pearson Education Ltd.
[10] Hackett, G.& Betz, N.E. (1998). An exploration of mathematics self-efficacy/ mathematics performances correspondence. JournalforResearch in Mathematics Education, 20(3), 261-273.
[11] Hughes E.M.& Picconini, P,J. (2011) Mathmatics motivation and self efficacy of middle school student. Focus on middle school, 24(1), 1-6
[12] Huitt, W. (2001). Motivation to learn: An overview. Educational Psychology Interactive. Retrieved April, 2020 from http: //Chiron. Valdosta. edu / whuitt/col/motivation/motivate.html
[13] Keller, J. (1999). Motivation in cyber learning environments. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 1(1), 7-30
[14] Keller, J. (2006). Development of two measures of learner motivation (version 06022). Available from John Keller at Jkeller@arcsmodel.com KIE (2002). Secondary education syllabus (Vol II). Nairobi: Kenya Institute of Education
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[16] Krejcie,R.& Morgan,D.(1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement,30,607-610.
[17] Liem, A.D; Lau, S.& Nie, Y. (2008). The role of self efficacy, task value and achievement goals in predicting learning strategies, task disengagement, peer relationship and achievement outcome. Contemporary Educational Pschology, 33,486-512
[18] Liu, X.& Koirala, H. (2010). The effect of mathematics self-efficacy on mathematics achievement of high school students. Paper presented at the Northeastern Educational Research Association Annual Conference ,Paper 30, Connecticut, USA,
[19] McQuiggan S.W.,Mott, B.W., & Lester, J.C. (2008). Modelling self-efficacy in intelligent tutoring systems: An inductive approach. User modeling and User Adapted Interaction, 18, 81-123
[20] Meece, J.L., Glienke, B.B.,& Burg,S.(2006) Gender and motivation .Journal of School Psychology, 44, 351-373.
[21] Pajares, F. (2002). Overview of social cognitive theory and of self-efficacy. Retrieved April 2020 from http:/www.emory.edu/education/wfp/eff.htm.
[22] Pajares, F.(2006). Self-efficacy during childhood and adolescence: Implications for teachers and parents. In F. Pajares and T. Urban (Eds.), Self efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp.339-367). Greenwich CT: Information Age.
[23] Pajares, F. & Schunk, D.H. (2001).Self-beliefs and school success: Self-efficacy , self-concept and school achievement. In R. Riding and S. Rayner (Eds.),Perception(pp.239-266). London: Ablex publishing.
[24] Skaalvik, E.M.& Skaalvik,S. (2006) .Self-concept and self-efficacy in mathematics: Relation with mathematics motivation and achievement. Paper presented at the proceedings of the 7th conference on learning strategies.Indiana,USA. Tella,A. (2007).The impact of motivation on students’ achievement and outcomes in mathematics among secondary school students in Nigeria. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology, 3(2), 149-156.
[25] Zimmerman B.J.& Cleary T.J. (2006). Adolescents’ development of personal agency. In F. Pajares and T. Urban (Eds), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp.45-69). Greenwich CT: Information Age.

Mbuthia Ngunjiri (PhD) “The Influence of Gender and Self-Efficacy Beliefs on Students’ Motivation to Learn High School Mathematics in Laikipia County, Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.160-163 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/160-163.pdf

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COVID-19 testing: The Reimbursement Puzzle

Patrick Mutunga Mwanza September 2020 Page No.: 164

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a cross-cutting concern worldwide disrupting societal and scientific norms. However, the opportunities and challenges it presents calls for a focus on upstream thinking framework to address equitable access to testing and treatment options. An essential component in defining a clear case for COVID-19 is mass testing as well as addressing the barriers to uptake. A well-defined case is essential for isolation, quarantine, management, and contact tracing that can help control the spread of SARS-CoV2. As the global understanding of SARS-CoV2 evolves, reimbursement already plays a crucial role in reducing health care costs. There is currently a scarcity of debate regarding cost reimbursements and its role in COVID-19 mass testing. Understanding reimbursement role is key to ensure sustained access to testing especially in resource limited setting where majority of the most vulnerable populations live.

  •  Page(s): 164
  •  Date of Publication: 18 October 2020

 Patrick Mutunga Mwanza
Afyabridge Health Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

References

 

No References

Patrick Mutunga Mwanza “COVID-19 testing: The Reimbursement Puzzle” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.164 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/164.pdf

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Comparison of Basic Sampling Techniques: Simple Random Sampling and Systematic Random Sampling

Adebara Lanre, Alabi Remilekun Enitan, Ajayi Bamidele September 2020 Page No.: 165-166

Sample is a fractional part of population. Sampling is the act of selecting sample from whole population for required information in order to take decision. Sampling techniques are the methods used to select samples from whole population which are in two ways probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling. Two probabilistic sampling techniques were compared in this paper, simple random sampling with use of random number table to select samples and systematic random sampling with fixed sampling interval to other take samples after first randomly selected sample. The standard error value of simple random sampling is the least compared to that of systematic random sampling and therefore simple random sampling technique gives the best precision.

  •  Page(s): 165-166
  •  Date of Publication: 18 October 2020
  •  Adebara Lanre
    Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
  •  Alabi Remilekun Enitan
    Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
  •  Ajayi Bamidele
    Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Cochran, W.G (1999). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley
[2] Gregoire, T.G, & Valentine, H.T (2008). Sampling Strategies for Natural Resources and the
[3] Environment. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
[4] Schreuder, H.T, Gregoire, T.G, & Wood, G.B (1993). Sampling Methods for Multiresource
[5] Forest Inventory. New York: Wiley
[6] Wretman J.(2014). Reflecting on Probabilitic versus Non-Probabilistic Sampling. Official
[7] Statistics Honour Daniel Thorburn pp 29-35

Adebara Lanre, Alabi Remilekun Enitan, Ajayi Bamidele “Comparison of Basic Sampling Techniques: Simple Random Sampling and Systematic Random Sampling” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.165-166 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/165-166.pdf

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C-Loops Obtained From Hypercomplex Numbers

Kioko Eugene Moses, Lydia Njuguna September 2020 Page No.: 167-180

Hypercomplex numbers have played a notable and critical role in the study and exploration of Loop Theory. Researchers have made numerous studies in this area especially in the investigation and construction of different loops. This paper has extended the research to C-loops where we are investigating the formation of C-loops obtained from hypercomplex numbers of dimension 2n ; 1 ≥ n ≤ 4. We are specifically working with the 24– dimensional algebra, called the sedenions. In constructing the C-loops, we have used the frame multiplication of hypercomplex numbers using the Cayley-Dickson construction. We have tested the satisfaction of the left, (x x) (y z) = (x (x y)) z and right, x ((y z) z) = (x y) (z z) C-loop identities by the sedenions. We have also formed split extension of sedenions and equally tested the satisfaction of the C-loop identities on them. We have found that the sedenions satisfy the C-loop identities hence forming C-loops. However, the split extension of sedenions satisfies the right C-loop identity only. AMS Subject Classification: 20B05

  •  Page(s): 167-180
  •  Date of Publication: 18 October 2020
  •  Kioko Eugene Moses
    Kenyatta University, Kenya
  •  Lydia Njuguna
    Kenyatta University, Kenya

References

 

[1] Cayley, A. (1945). On Jacobi’s elliptic functions in reply to Rev.B.Brown; and on quaternions, Proc, Philos.Magazine 26,208-211.
[2] Fenyves, F. (1968). Extra loops1, Publ.Math.Debrecen,15,235-238.
[3] Graves, T. (1845). On a connection between the general theory of normal couples and the theory of complete quadratic functions of two variables, Phil.Mag.,26:315-320.
[4] Hamilton, W.R. (1844). On quaternions, or on a new system of imaginaries in algebra. Philosophical Magazine. Vol.25, n 3.p.489-495.
[5] Jenya, K.(2012). Cayley-Dickson Loops, a dissertation presented to the faculty of natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Denver.
[6] Magero, F. B. (2007). Split of Complex numbers quaternions and octonions basis. Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
[7] Njuguna, L. N. (2012). Investigating Sedenion Extension loops and frames of hypercomplex numbers: Ph.D Thesis: Kenyatta University, Kenya
[8] Phillips, J. D. & Vojtechovsky, P. (2007). C-loops.An introduction. ArXiv preprint math/0701711 .

Kioko Eugene Moses, Lydia Njuguna “C-Loops Obtained From Hypercomplex Numbers” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.167-180 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/167-180.pdf

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Covid-19 and the Nigerian Economy: Evidences from the Foreign Exchange Rate

Onwughai, Emelenjor Austin September 2020 Page No.: 181-185

The entire world including Nigeria is currently battling the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. The pandemic has affected all aspects of human lives and world economy without any form of exemption to the Nigeria economy. The foreign exchange rate has witnessed a dwindling effect since the rise of the pandemic in Nigeria. It is based on the aforementioned that this paper has examined the impact of the COVID-19 on the Nigeria economy with empirical evidences from the foreign exchange rates. Expo facto research design was used to collate secondary data from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Nairametrics covering the period April 1 to June 30, 2020. The data were analysed with Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS using descriptive statistics. The findings reveal that a negative relationship exist between the impact of the COVID-19 and the value of the naira against the dollar. The study concluded that there is no relationship between COVID-19 and the Nigeria foreign exchange rates. The study recommends that the government and its agencies should focus more on other economic factors like oil price and importation to manage the exchange rate instead of COVID-19.

  •  Page(s): 181-185
  •  Date of Publication: 19 October 2020
  •  Onwughai, Emelenjor Austin
    Department Of Accounting, Finance and Taxation, College Of Post-Graduate Studies, Caleb University,Imota Lagos, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Albulescu, C. (2020). Coronavirus and oil price cash. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3553452.
[2] Benzid L. and Chebbi K (2020). Impact of Covid-19 virus on exchange rate volatility: evidence through GARCH model. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3612141
[3] Cardona-Arenas C.D. and Serna-Gómez H.M. (2020) Covid-19 and oil prices: effects on the Colombian peso exchange rate. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3567942
[4] Chukwuka O. and Mma A.E. (2020). Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Nigerian economy. Retrieved from www.brookings.edu.
[5] Nigeria Centre for Disease Control website: https://ncdc.gov.ng/
[6] Nairametrics. COVID-19 update in Nigeria. Retrieved from https://nairametrics.com/2020/07/09/covid-19-update-in-nigeria/
[7] Nuhu A.S. (2020). The impact of the COVID – 19 on the financial markets: evidence from China and USA. Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 9(2).
[8] ONALI, E. (2020), “Covid-19 and stock market volatility”, SSRN Electronic Journal.
[9] Ozili, P. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis: the Nigerian experience and structural causes. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3571085
[10] WHO (2020). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report-7 – World Health Organization (WHO), January 27, 2020.
[11] World Health Organization (WHO, 2020): Situation Report March 2020; Corona virus (COVID-19).
[12] Worldometer, 2020. “Coronavirus Update (LIVE)”. Retrieved from worldometers.info/coronavirus/.

Onwughai, Emelenjor Austin “Covid-19 and the Nigerian Economy: Evidences from the Foreign Exchange Rate” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.181-185 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/181-185.pdf

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Bioremediation of Toxic Lead from Industrial Effluent Using an Agricultural Waste, Melon Husk Activated With Urea

Nwankwo Ogonna D., Okoye Okechukwu N.N., Dan-Nwankwo Chiagozie N. September 2020 Page No.: 186-189

Lead which is toxic to the environment because of its threat on living organisms is one of the common components of industrial effluent. Urea-activated melon husk was used as an adsorbent to remove lead from simulated industrial effluent. Exposure times, adsorbate concentrations and adsorbent dosages were varied for the most suitable set of conditions for the adsorption process. The Adsorption isotherms correlated fine with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, with their R2 values 0.9999 and 1 respectively. Data from the experiment were also assessed to discover the kinetic characteristics of the adsorption process. Adsorption process for the target heavy metal ion was found to follow pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics with r2 value of 0.9995. Urea-activated melon husk, a readily available adsorbent, was found to be efficient in the uptake of Pb2+ ions in industrial effluents, thus, indicating an excellent alternative for the removal of heavy metals from industrial waste water.

  •  Page(s): 186-189
  •  Date of Publication: 19 October 2020
  •  Nwankwo Ogonna D.
    Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
  •  Okoye Okechukwu N.N.
    Department of Industrial Chemistry, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
  •  Dan-Nwankwo Chiagozie N.
    Global Health, Maastricht University, The Netherlands

References

 

[1]. Clesceri, L.S., Green berg, AE. And Eaton, AD. (1998). Standard methods for the Examination of water and waste water (20thedition). American Public Health Association, Washington.
[2]. Gour, A., Sharma, A. K., Sharma S. and Verma, S. (2016), Removal of lead from aqueous solution using low cost adsorbents: A Review, International Journal of Applied Research, 2 (7), 178-182.
[3]. Ho, Y.S., John, W.D.A and Forster, C.F. (1995). Batch nickel removal from aqueous solution by sphagnum moss peat. Water Research. 29(5):1327-1332. Follow the format of the Journal,please
[4]. Jalali, R., Ghafourian, H., Asef, Y., Davarpanah, S.J. and Sepehr, S. (2002). Removal and recovery of lead using nonliving biomass of marine algae, J. of Hazardous Materials. 92(3):253-262.
[5]. Muhamad, N., Parr, J., Smith, D.M. and Wheatley, D.A. (1998). Adsorption of heavy metals in slow sand filters. In: Proceeding of the WEDC conference on sanitation and water for all, Islamabad, Pakistan. 346-349.
[6]. Nasim, A.K., Shaliza, I. and Piarapakaran, S. (2004). Elimination of Heavy metal from wastewater using Agricultural waste as adsorbent. Malaysian J. Sci. 23:43 – 51.
[7]. Nwankwo, O.D., Ewuim, S.C. and Mogbo, T.C. (2014). Comparative study of the bioadsorption of Cadmium and Lead from industrial waste water using melon husk activated with sulphuric acid. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 1(1): 1-8
[8]. Okoye, A.I., Ejikeme, P.M. and Onukwuli, O.D. (2010), Lead removal from wastewater using fluted pumpkin seed shell activated carbon: Adsorption modeling and kinetics, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 7 (4), 793-800.
[9]. Owa, F.D. (2013), Water Pollution: Sources, Effect, Control and Management, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol 4, No 8, pp 65-66.
[10]. Salehzadeh, J. (2013), Removal of Heavy Metals Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Fe3+ from Aqueous Solutions by using Xanthium Pensylvanicum, Leonardo Journal of Sciences, Iss. 23, pp. 97-104.
[11]. Tripathi, A. and Ranjan, M. R (2015), Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater Using Low Cost Adsorbents, J Bioremed Biodeg, Vol. 6, Iss. 6, pp 1-5.
[12]. Vinod, V.P. and Anirudhan, T.S. (2002). Sorption of tannic acid on zirconium pillared clay. J.of Chemical Tech. and Biotech.77 (1):92-101.

Nwankwo Ogonna D., Okoye Okechukwu N.N., Dan-Nwankwo Chiagozie N. “Bioremediation of Toxic Lead from Industrial Effluent Using an Agricultural Waste, Melon Husk Activated With Urea” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.186-189 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/186-189.pdf

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Quality Control in Organizations: The Nigeria Issue

Anyaoha Okechukwu September 2020 Page No.: 190-196

This article which is qualitative in nature examines quality control in organizations with emphasis on Nigeria’s manufacturing and the education sector. Secondary source constituted the main source of data for this article. The essence of this article is to explain the objectives and steps towards the implementation of quality control plan in an organization. Because it is imperative to ensure and maintain quality standards in an organization, to ensure that product quality is maintained, manufacturing errors are reduced or eliminated, and the quality of service are improved. The study recommend that the government should meet the recommended 26% educational spending prescribed by UNESCO, which will boost higher education system in Nigeria. Higher institutions in Nigeria should set up internal quality assurance and monitoring of lecture units to enhance good quality delivery. There should be a review of curriculum content in order to meet the current societal needs of the people. The article further recommended that for the manufacturing sector, organizations should be able to device the quality control measure suitable for their products and be able to fund their quality control plan and measure, this will enhance the quality of their products and the trust the customer have on them. And the government monitoring team should intensify effort in monitoring and certifying the products produced in these organizations.

  •  Page(s): 190-196
  •  Date of Publication: 19 October 2020
  •  Anyaoha Okechukwu
    IMO State University, Owerri, Nigeria

References

 

[1] Academic Staff Union of Universities (1994). The bare-fact of the university of Abuja crisis at a glance Abuja: ASUU Abuja Branch.
[2] Adeoti, E. O. (2015). The role of the National Universities Commission (Nuc) in the development of University Education in Nigeria: Reflections and Projections. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2(3).
[3] Anyanwu, C.I (2013). Quality Control Concepts in the Manufacture of Masonry Block for Building Project Delivery. Cited in Marire, M. I., Nwankwo, B. E. & Sydney-Agbor, N.( 2014).The problems of quality control in the manufacturing sector: A study of Nigeria Breweries Plc, Enugu. Journal of Business and Management, 16 (12) 96-107.
[4] Asiyai RI and Oghuvbu EP (2009) An empirical analysis of the causes and possible solutions to decline in quality of tertiary education in Delta state, Nigeria. Journal of Sociology and Education in Africa 8(2):1-13.
[5] Federal Ministry of Education (2014) National Policy on Education. Lagos: Education research and development council.
[6] Gbadeyan, R.A. & Adeoti, J.O. (2005). Total Quality Management. An MBA Seminar presentation to the Department of Business Administrtation, University of Illorin.
[7] Joseph, A. (2017). Seven functions of NAFDAC in Nigeria. Retrieved on March 9th, 2018, from https://infoguidenigeria.com/functions-nafdac-nigeria
[8] Juran J. M. (2000). Early Scientific Quality Control: A Historical supplement Quality Process, cited in Marire, M. I., Nwankwo, B. E. & Sydney-Agbor, N.( 2014).The problems of quality control in the manufacturing sector: A study of Nigeria Breweries Plc, Enugu. Journal of Business and Management, 16 (12) 96-107.
[9] Mahmoud S. S. and Mador, M. (2013). Education: Problems and challenges in Nigeria, what to be done? Retrieve on March 7th 2018 from https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/comment-debate/12514-education-problems-and-challenges-in-nigeria-what-to-be-done.
[10] Marire, M. I. Nwankwo, B. E. & Sydney-Agbor, N. (2014). The problems of quality control in the manufacturing sector: A study of Nigeria Breweries Plc, Enugu. Journal of Business and Management, 16 (12) 96-107.
[11] National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control. (2005). Retrieved on 27th July 2017 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agency_for_Food_and_Drug_Administration_and_Control.
[12] National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE). (1993). Functions of National Commission for Colleges of Education. Retrieved on 15th August, 2017, from http://www.ncceonline.edu.ng/functions.php
[13] on 27th July 2017 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agency_for_Food_and_Drug_Administration_and_Control.
[14] Peretomode, V. F. (2008). What is higher in higher education. Benin-City: Justice Jecko press and publishers Ltd.
[15] Romina, I. A. (2013). Challenges of Quality in Higher Education in Nigeria in the 21st Century. International Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, 3 (2) 159-172.
[16] Vlašić, S, Vale, S, & Puhar, D. K. (2014). Quality Management In Education. Interdisciplinary Management Research (5).
[17] World Bank (2004) Improving Tertiary education in Sub-Sahara Africa: Things that work. Report of a regional training conference, Accra, Ghana

Anyaoha Okechukwu “Quality Control in Organizations: The Nigeria Issue” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.190-196 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/190-196.pdf

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Assessing Differential Impacts of COVID-19 on African Countries: A Comparative Study

Joseph Oyepata Simeon, Builders Modupe, Joseph Opeyemi Tosin, Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu September 2020 Page No.: 197-203

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without special treatment. A number of deaths have been recorded across world. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the extent the virus affects Africa relative to other parts of the world and it significant. Fifty five countries were selected randomly based on their continents and cases of infection. Data from each country were obtained from United Nations Geoscheme and WHO and were analyzed and compared to that of the United State of America (USA). USA was used as a Comparism Factor (CF) because it has one of the best healthcare system and high COVID-19 cases. Subsequent examination of associations between the proportion of COVID-19 cases, recovery and deaths of each country to the United State of America was carried out. All data used in these analyses are from publicly available data sets. Data analyzed revealed that with exception of South Africa, Africa appears to be least affected by the virus. African countries have the least infected, more recovery and lesser number of deaths index. Result from the study suggests that the virus affect Africa the least when compared to USA and other continents in terms of cases and mortality. This may be due to among other factors a more robust immune response. The result also helps to provide insight as to how significant developing and providing vaccine may be to this part of the world.

  •  Page(s): 197-203
  •  Date of Publication: 20 October 2020
  •  Joseph Oyepata Simeon
    Department of Pharmacology and Toxicolology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  •  Builders Modupe
    Department of Pharmacology and Toxicolology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  •  Joseph Opeyemi Tosin
    Department of Pharmacy, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
  •  Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu
    Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria

References

 

[1] www.britannica.com/science/orthomyxovirus
[2] www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2020
[3] Virus Taxonomy: (2019) Release”. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). .
[4] Giaimo C (2020). The Spiky Blob Seen Around the World. The New York Times. Page 1-12.
[5] International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). October 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2020-01-24.
[6] International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 2020-01-24.
[7] Fan Y, Zhao K, Shi ZL, Zhou P (March 2019). Bat Coronaviruses in China. Viruses. 11 (3): 210-223.
[8] Cherry, James; Demmler-Harrison, Gail J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Steinbach, William J.; Hotez, Peter J. (2017). Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. PT6615. ISBN 978-0-323-39281-5.
[9] Woo PC, Huang Y, Lau SK, Yuen KY (2010). Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis. Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20.
[10] Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, Hamre D, Hofstad MS, Mallucci L, McIntosh K, Tyrrell DA (November 1968). Virology: Coronaviruses. Nature. 220 (5168): 265-278.
[11] Definition of Coronavirus by Merriam-Webster”. Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 2020-03-23. Retrieved 2020-03-24.
[12] Joseph O. T, Obianime. A. W., Siminialaye M. I., Joseph O. S., Anyanwu C. and Musa T. L. (2019). Clinical study on the effect of Moringa oleifera on serum level of glucose and tryglyceride in subjects taken tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz combination regimen. European Scientific Journal. Vol.15, (.21). Page 280 -293.
[13] Wertheim JO, Chu DK, Peiris JS, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Poon LL (2013). A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses. Journal of Virology. 87 (12): 7039–45.
[14] Wertheim JO, Chu DK, Peiris JS, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Poon LL (2014). A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses. Journal of Virology. 87 (12): 7039–45.
[15] Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation reports – World Health Organization (WHO)
[16] 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in the U.S. -. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
[17] Outbreak Notification – National Health Commission (NHC) of the People’s Republic of China
[18] Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) – Australian Government Department of Health
[19] Jonathan M. Read et al. (2020). Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic prediction –
[20] Maimuna Majumder and Kenneth D. Mandl. (2020). Early Transmissibility Assessment of a Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China – Harvard University – Computational Health Informatics Program –
[21] Imperial College London (2020). Report 3: Transmissibility of 2019-nCoV – 25
[22] https://healthwise.punchng.com/covid-19-may-lead-to-high-death-toll-in-africa-melinda-gates/
[23] Joseph O. S., Builders M., Joseph O. T., Zubairu S.A., Musa T. and Oyepata p.j. (2019). Sub-acute toxicity study of ethanol leaf extract of Ocimum canum on the kidney of wistar rats. African Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development. Vol. 11 No.1. Page 1-7.
[24] Joseph O. S., Builders M., Joseph O. T., Zubairu S.A., Musa T. and Oyepata p.j. (2019). Sub-acute toxicity study of ethanol leaf extract of Ocimum canum on brain, lungs, stomach and spleen of wister rats. African Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development. Vol. 11 No.1. Page 35-42.
[25] The Guardian. (2020). why Africa is least affected by deaths from covid-19 https://guardian.ng/news/why-africa-is-least-affected-by-deaths-from-covid-19/
[26] Joseph O. S., Joseph O. T., Musa T. L and Oyepata P. J. (2019). Histological evaluation of the nephroprotective activity of the ethanol stem extracts of Homalium letestui in Gentamicin – induced albino rats injury, using various staining techniques. Global Scientific Journal. Volume 7, Issue 8. Page 1065-1087.
[27] Joseph O.S., Builders M., Emem E.U and Joseph O.T. (2019). EFFECT OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Cassia angustifolia extract ON LIVER OF WISTER RATS. Global Scientific Journal. Volume 8, Issue 9. Page 1112-11120.
[28] Joseph O.S., Builders M., Emem E.U and Joseph O.T. (2019). EFFECT OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Cassia angustifolia extract ON Kidney OF WISTER RATS. Global Scientific Journal. Volume 8, Issue 9. Page 1023-1031.
[29] Imperial College London. (2019). Report 3: Transmissibility of 2019-nCoV – 25 January
[30] Epidemiology (2019). Case fatality risk of influenza A (H1N1pdm09): a systematic review
[31] Chen Want et al (2019). A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern -. The Lancet.
[32] CDC (2005). Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) .
[33] China’s National Health Commission news conference on coronavirus (2020) – Al Jazeera.
[34] Reuters report, January 23, 2020. Wuhan lockdown ‘unprecedented’, shows commitment to contain virus: WHO representative in China -.
[35] Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) – WHO, January 23, 2020
[36] Antonio Villalonga Morales. 2020: Factors that may explain why COVID is less deadly in Africa. Newsletter
[37] Gregorio A., Millett MPH, Austin T., Jones MA, DavidBenkeser MPH, StefanBaral LM et al. (2020). Differential impacts of COVID-19 on black communities Pages 37-44
[38] BABRAHAM INSTITUTE (2020). Charting immune system development in sub-Saharan African
[39] Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 Dashboard. 2020. Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE). Johns Hopkins University (2020), Accessed 24th Apr 2020
[40] New York State Department of Health COVID-19. 2020. fatalities. https://covid19tracker.health.ny.gov/views/NYS-COVID19-Tracker/NYSDOHCOVID-19Tracker-Fatalitiesno. Accessed 8th Apr 2020
[41] Willis H, Williams V. A (2020). Funeral is thought to have sparked a COVID-19 outbreak in Albany, Ga. — and led to many more funerals. The Washington Post, Washington, DC. Page 54-67.
[42] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Cases in U.S. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html(2020), Accessed 15th Apr 2020
[43] Georgia Department of Public HealthCOVID-19 Daily Status Report. https://dph.georgia.gov/covid-19-daily-status-report (2020), Accessed 9th Apr 2020
[44] Helen Thompson. (2012). Early exposure to germs has lasting benefits. Nature. Page 163-176
[45] The Guardian. (2020). why Africa is least affected by deaths from covid-19 https://guardian.ng/news/why-africa-is-least-affected-by-deaths-from-covid-19/.

Joseph Oyepata Simeon, Builders Modupe, Joseph Opeyemi Tosin, Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu “Assessing Differential Impacts of COVID-19 on African Countries: A Comparative Study” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.197-203 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/197-203.pdf

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Strategies Promoting Healthy Food Choices Among Pupils In Nyeri County, Kenya

Waithaka Simon Runo, Dr Kirimi Kiara, Dr Rubai Mandela September 2020 Page No.: 204-212

In Kenya, nutrition education is included in the school curriculum as recommended in the year 2009 national school health policy. Nevertheless, policy advocacy and communication strategies on nutrition are relatively weak, and there is insufficient focus on operational research on nutrition. In addition, nutrition education is not taught as a standalone subject and is only infused in science subjects. Consequently, the malnutrition problem is not as well understood as it could be. Modern malnutrition consists in over-consumption of energy dense and fatty foods. These have led to an upsurge of non-communicable and lifestyle diseases such as cancer, diabetes, bone and heart conditions. Therefore, there was need to find out strategies on eating habits in order to help pupils acquire discriminative skills among foods. The pupils can act as agents of change in the community through the symbiotic relationship that exists between the school and the society. This will be the first stage towards curbing the food- related health problem. The purpose of this study was to establish strategies promoting healthy food choices among pupils. The Health Belief Model as a predictor of preventive health behaviour was the guide theory for this research. The study was mainly descriptive in design with purposive sampling. The target population was pupils in Nyeri County with their teachers and parents. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions, food diary, and FFQ. Data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively guided by the themes from research objectives. Quantitative data was analyzed using basic descriptive statistics and presented in form of tables, pie charts, graphs, and percentages. The Qualitative analysis involved narrative records and respondents’ quotations. The study established strategies that would promote healthy food choices key among them being healthy snacking. The study findings may be used by the Ministry of education to inform nutrition education content in the school curriculum.

  •  Page(s): 204-212
  •  Date of Publication: 20 October 2020
  •  Waithaka Simon Runo
    Masters Student, School of Education, Department of Education Foundations (Health Education) Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
  •  Dr Kirimi Kiara
    Lecturer, Department of Education Foundations, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
  •  Dr Rubai Mandela
    Lecturer, Department of Education Foundations, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.

References

 

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Waithaka Simon Runo, Dr Kirimi Kiara, Dr Rubai Mandela” Strategies Promoting Healthy Food Choices Among Pupils In Nyeri County, Kenya Leaf Extract” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.204-212 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/204-212.pdf

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Phytomechanistic Processess in Environmental Clean-Up: A Biochemical Perspective

Emmanuel Okon, Ofonime O. Udo, Iquo A. Archibong, Idongesit A. Victor September 2020 Page No.: 213-222

Plant plays important roles in environmental clean-up geared towards a sustained eco-friendly environments. Myriads of environmental pollutants from natural and anthropogenic activities are mopped up by certain plants via phyto-based mechanisms. This processes are highly regulated by phytoenzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. The uptake of contaminants via the plant roots for further biochemical processes within the plant tissues utilizes apoplastic pathway (passive diffusion process) and symplastic pathway (an energy dependent process). However, certain pollutants that are not taken up by plants are transformed into less harmful and eco-friendly molecules by the activities of endophytes within the plant roots. Phytomechanistic processes utilized by plant to remediate contaminated environments include; phytoextraction where pollutants in soil, sediments and groundwater are taken up into plant tissues or adsorbed into the roots for storage and further biochemical activities; phytodegradation where toxic pollutants taken up by plants are metabolized by phytoenzymes into non-toxic molecules; phytostabilization where the environmental pollutants are immobilized, precipitated and adsorbed within the root zone via the release of plant exudates in synergy with endophytic activities; and phytovolatilization which involves pollutant uptake and subsequent transformation into an eco-friendly compounds that are released into the atmosphere. Phytoremediation strategy for remediating contaminated environments has enormous merits over other conventional environmental remediation techniques. However, by understanding the mechanisms and the phytometabolic events occurring within plants used in phytoremediation, a new paradigm geared towards effective phytotechnological advancement and application with high ecological impact can be gained, hence the focus of this review.

  •  Page(s): 213-222
  •  Date of Publication: 20 October 2020
  •  Emmanuel Okon
    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
  •  Ofonime O. Udo
    Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
  •  Iquo A. Archibong,
    Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
  •  Idongesit A. Victor
    Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

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Emmanuel Okon, Ofonime O. Udo, Iquo A. Archibong, Idongesit A. Victor “Phytomechanistic Processess in Environmental Clean-Up: A Biochemical Perspective” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.213-222 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/213-222.pdf

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Assessment of Typical Heavy Metals in Bangladeshi Tannery Workers’ Hair

Md. Farhad Ali, Nadim Khan and Md Tanjid Ahmed Zahid September 2020 Page No.: 223-226

In Bangladesh the safety precaution and working condition of tannery workers are very disappointing. The tannery workers are always coming in contact with different chemical exposure and different heavy metals are inserting into their body organs. The aim of this study was to determine selected heavy metal levels including cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in scalp Hair of tannery workers and find out the Relationship between the chromium concentration in workers hair and their working duration. Human hair sample of different tannery worker were collected from different tanneries in Bangladesh and samples of individual were analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectro photometric technique (AAS). The results of replicate analysis shows the following mean concentrations in (mg/kg): Cd = 0.04± 0.085, Cr = 5.85 ± 0.8391, Pb = 1.3 ± 0.0465. Comparing with others study around the world, the result shows that the presence of chromium is in very large amount in Bangladeshi tannery workers hair, lead in relatively large amount and cadmium is in small amount.

  •  Page(s): 223-226
  •  Date of Publication: 22 October 2020
  •  Md. Farhad Ali
    Associate Professor ,Institute of Leather Engineering & Technology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
  •  Nadim Khan
    Institute of Leather Engineering & Technology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  •  Md Tanjid Ahmed Zahid
    Institute of Leather Engineering & Technology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

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Md. Farhad Ali, Nadim Khan and Md Tanjid Ahmed Zahid “Assessment of Typical Heavy Metals in Bangladeshi Tannery Workers’ Hair” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.223-226 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/223-226.pdf

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Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Grains Sold In Major Commercial Markets in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

Oguntade Adesola Saheed, Sawyerr Henry Olawale, Salami John Tolulope September 2020 Page No.: 227-231

Pesticides provide protect to grains against destructive pests but its residues or metabolites has been linked to various health challenges. Its lipophilic nature and consumption of food with residue results into the accumulation of the residues beyond the level which the body can handle which leads to gradual deterioration of health and eventual emergence of disease state. The aim of this study is to assess nine (9) composite samples of the grains that are mostly consumed in the study area (millet, maize and beans) in order to ascertain presence of pesticide in grans sold I the study area. Samples were randomly collected from three (3) major markets in Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. Laboratory Analysis was carried out by extraction method for de-fatting of the samples. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed using gas chromatography with electron capture and flame ionization. All the nine (9) samples (100%) contained several pesticide residues which are not conventional with hexadecanoic acid (with mean value of 21.07, 33.06 and 13.38 in millet, maize and beans), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (with mean value of 4.43, 7.95 and 5.43 in millet, maize and beans) and 9, 12 octadecanoic acid (with mean value of 9.41, 19.10 and 4.57 in millet, maize and beans) recorded in all the samples collected from the three (3) markets. Hexadecanoic acid, an acaricide pesticide residue that is neither classified by WHO nor approved by EU for use as preservative. No residue of conventional pesticide was detected in any of the samples analysed which is an indication that use of conventional pesticide is phasing out among the traders in the markets surveyed. AMS Subject Classification: 20B05

  •  Page(s): 227-231
  •  Date of Publication: 22 October 2020
  •  Oguntade Adesola Saheed
    Department of Environmental Health Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
  •  Sawyerr Henry Olawale
    Department of Environmental Health Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
  •  Salami John Tolulope
    Department of Environmental Health Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.

References

 

[1] Adedire, C.O. (2001). Biology, Ecology and Control of Insect Pests of Stored Cereal Grains. In: Pests of Stored Cereals and Pulses in Nigeria-biology, ecology and control (ed)
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Oguntade Adesola Saheed, Sawyerr Henry Olawale, Salami John Tolulope” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.227-231 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/227-231.pdf

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Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity of Potassium Trisoxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate

B.O. Ogori, S. Lubis, B. Gomerep, J.S. Ngap September 2020 Page No.: 232-234

Potassium trisoxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate complex, K3[Fe(C2O4)3].3H2O was synthesized and characterized using UV-Visible and FT-IR spectrophotometry. Its antibacterial properties was evaluated using three(3)different bacteria strains namely: Escherichia coli, Staphilococus aureus and Bacillus subtillus. A commercial drug, ciprofloxacin was used as control. The results of the analysis showed that escherichia coli was not sensitive to the complex. However, staphilococus aureus and bacillus subtillus were sensitive to the complex at a concentration range of 100 – 400mg/ml and 200 – 400 mg/ml respectively. The results of minimum inhibitory analysis and minimum bactericidal analysis showed that the complex could not inhibit the growth of escherichia coli, but it inhibited and destroyed staphilococus aureus and bacillus subtillus at some range of concentration.This study has revealed that the complex, potassium trisoxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate has some medicinal potentials as likely antibacterial agents

  •  Page(s): 232-234
  •  Date of Publication: 22 October 2020
  •  B.O. Ogori
    Department of Chemistry, F.C.E. Pankshin, Plateau state, Nigeria
  •  S. Lubis
    Department of Chemistry, F.C.E. Pankshin, Plateau state, Nigeria
  •  B. Gomerep
    Department of Chemistry, F.C.E. Pankshin, Plateau state, Nigeria
  •  J.S. Ngap
    Department of Chemistry, F.C.E. Pankshin, Plateau state, Nigeria

References

 

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B.O. Ogori, S. Lubis, B. Gomerep, J.S. Ngap “Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity of Potassium Trisoxalatoferrate (III) Trihydrate” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.232-234 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/232-234.pdf

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The Effects of Training on Employees’ Performance in Public Institutions: A Case of Arusha Municipality, Tanzania

Rebeca Peniel Nassary September 2020 Page No.: 235-246

This study examined the effect of employees training on employee’s performance in Arusha Municipality. A sample of 80 respondents was selected through purposive, probability and simple random sampling procedures, 80 respondents filled the questionnaire which was validated through expert in public sector. Reliability test yielded the Cronbach’s Alpha of above 0.7 meaning the questionnaire was reliable for data collection. Data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics to determine the effects of employees training on job performance. The study observed that training have strong effect on employees’ performance. This was indicated by the fact that respondents regarded positively with strength the relationship of training and job performance. Training strategies was another investigation in this study. Short courses training and seminars were more preferred to respondents than forum and workshops for building capability of the trainees. The study recommended that public institutions should increase financial resources allocations to employees’ short course training and seminars to adequately equip workers with high capability. From time to time, the Arusha Municipality should be reviewing its human resources development plans to cater for the new demands of the customers of an institutions’ plans so that whenever it send employees for training should aim at filling the identified gaps or fixing an observed development opportunity. The Arusha Municipality should constantly make assessment and ensure its performance stability prevails with the required skills of employees.

  •  Page(s): 235-246
  •  Date of Publication: 26 October 2020
  •  Rebeca Peniel Nassary
    Faculty of Business, University of Arusha, Tanzania

References

 

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Rebeca Peniel Nassary “The Effects of Training on Employees’ Performance in Public Institutions: A Case of Arusha Municipality, Tanzania” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.5 issue 9 September 2020, pp.235-246 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.5&Issue9/235-246.pdf

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