Volume VI Issue II - International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS)

About The Centenary of Spin Discovery

Celso Luis Levada, Tabata Vidal, Huemerson Maceti, Carlos Miranda Awano, Bruno Sagioro Zaniboni, Ivan José Lautenschleguer, Miriam de Magalhães Oliveira Levada February 2021 Page No.: 01-04

In 2021, we celebrated the centenary of a famous article published in the magazine Zeitschrift für Physik, where the property called spin was discovered and described. Physicists Otto Stern and Walter Gerlach carried out an experiment to confirm the hypothesis of spatial quantization of atoms proposed by Arnold Sommerfeld. In this experiment, silver atoms were collimated by a slit and passed between the poles of an electromagnet, whose magnetic field was not uniform. The result produced in a detector a split line in the shape of a half-open lip, as shown in figure 3 of the article. The original publications on the experiment are four: the first, from 1921, is authored only by Otto Stern, where he proposes to carry out the experiment. The next three, co-authored with Walther Gerlach, aimed to describe the experimental results obtained: one in 1921, and the other two in 1922. Thus, this year 2021 marks the centenary of this important discovery.

Page(s): 01-04

Date of Publication: 02 March 2021

Celso Luis Levada
Herminio Ometto Foundation-Fho/Uniararas-Engineering Nucleus- Brazil
Tabata Vidal
Herminio Ometto Foundation-Fho/Uniararas-Engineering Nucleus- Brazil
Colégio Puríssimo Coração De Maria – Highschool – Rio Claro / Sp – Brazil
Huemerson Maceti
Herminio Ometto Foundation-Fho/Uniararas-Engineering Nucleus- Brazil
Colégio Puríssimo Coração De Maria – Highschool – Rio Claro / Sp – Brazil
Carlos Miranda Awano
Herminio Ometto Foundation-Fho/Uniararas-Engineering Nucleus- Brazil
Bruno Sagioro Zaniboni
Herminio Ometto Foundation-Fho/Uniararas-Engineering Nucleus- Brazil
Ivan José Lautenschleguer
Herminio Ometto Foundation-Fho/Uniararas-Engineering Nucleus- Brazil
Miriam de Magalhães Oliveira Levada
Herminio Ometto Foundation-Fho/Uniararas-Nucleus of Health-Brazil

References

[1] STERN, O. – A Biographical Memoir- by Emilio Segre- National Academy of Sciences Washington d. c. Copyright 1973, text available in stern-otto.pdf (nasonline.org), access in 20/10/2020
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[6] NIKOLIC, B.K. What is Spintronics? Text available in http://www.physics.udel.edu/~bnikolic/teaching/ss_spintronics/ss_spintronics.html, access in 20/09/2020
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[11] NUSSENZVEIG, M.- Basic Physics Course, v. 4, Optics, Relativity and Quantum Physics Edgard Bucher Publisher Ltda., Sao Paulo, 1998.

Celso Luis Levada, Tabata Vidal, Huemerson Maceti, Carlos Miranda Awano, Bruno Sagioro Zaniboni, Ivan José Lautenschleguer, Miriam de Magalhães Oliveira Levada “About The Centenary of Spin Discovery” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.01-04 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/01-04.pdf

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Impact of Herb Oils on Digestion, Lipid Profile and Methane Emissions in Goats Fed Mixed Maize/Rice Straw-Hay as Alternative Basal Diets

M. I. Okoruwa February 2021 Page No.: 05-12

The study was conducted to determine the effects of oils on nutrient digestions, lipid profile and methane emissions in goats fed mixed maize/rice straw-hay as alternative basal diets. Garlic, ginger or lemon grass oil as additives was used with 60% mixed maize/rice straw-hay and 40% concentrate supplement to prepare diets. The four compared diets were; 60% mixed maize/rice straw-hay and 40% concentrate diet without oil (MRH1) and 60% mixed maize/rice straw-hay plus 40% concentrate diet treated with 2mg/g/day of either garlic oil (GAH2), ginger oil (GIH3) or lemon grass oil (LEH4). About 200mg of each of the diets with mixture of medium solution and rumen fluid (2:1) was used for in-vitro methane emissions and degradability. Twenty four West African dwarf goats of about 8 to 9 months of age were randomly allocated to the four diets in a completely randomize design. Methane production, neutral detergent fibre degradation, feed conversion, ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids with cholesterol, acetate, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, faecal and urinary nitrogen output were significantly (p<0.05) higher in MRH1. Weight gains, propionate, digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen retention were greater in GAH2, while feed intake and high density lipoprotein were better (p<0.05) in LEH4. Rumen pH, butyrate and ash digestibility were not significant (p<0.05) among diets. It can be concluded that effects of oils on mixed maize/rice straw-hay enhanced performance and suppressed methane in goats.

Page(s): 05-12

Date of Publication: 02 March 2021

Gurpreet Singh
Department of CSE,
PTU, AIET, Faridkot, India
Gurbinder Singh
Department of CSE,
PTU, AIET, Faridkot, India
Mandeep Singh
Department of CSE,
PTU, AIET, Faridkot, India

References

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Gurpreet Singh, Gurbinder Singh, Mandeep Singh “Signature Verification by using Radial Basis Function (SVM)” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.1 issue 1, pp.05-09 2016

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Effect of Covid -19 Pandemic on Farmer’s Agricultural Activities in Rivers State

Amadi, N.S & Okagwa, Promise February 2021 Page No.: 13-18

The study investigated the effect of Covid -19 pandemic on farmer’s agricultural activities in Rivers State. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of covid-19 pandemic on farmer’s agricultural activities in Rivers Sate. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on farmer’s production activities, packaging and processing activities and farmer’s marketing in Rivers State. Four research questions were asked in line with objective of the study. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The study was carried out in Rivers State. The population of the study was all farmers in Rivers state. Purposive random sampling technique was used to select two local government, twenty commercial farmers were randomly selected using simple random sampling technique. In total, the sample size used was 60 farmers. Questionnaire was used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha formula which yielded 0.88 reliability coefficient. The method used for data analysis was mean and standard deviation and the hypotheses were tested using one way Analysis of Variance at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the showed that total lockdown restrained farmers from purchase of necessary farm inputs for production, restriction in movements limited farmers rate of transportation to their various farms, pandemic restricted purchase of packaging materials for farm product, encouraged farmers for packaging of agricultural produce, disconnection of distribution channel due to logistics restrictions, total lockdown eradicate medium of goods transportation in Rivers State. The study recommended that Federal government should develop a mobilization initiative for farmers so as to enhance their agricultural activities and sustain food security in Nigeria.

Page(s): 13-18

Date of Publication: 04 March 2021

Amadi, N.S
Department of Vocational and Technology Education, Rivers State University
Okagwa, Promise
Department of Vocational and Technology Education, Rivers State University

References

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[10] Zhong, X. Pu, M., Liu, M., & Zhang, L. (2020). The impact of covid-19 on China’s food security and suggestions for ensuring stable grain production issues in agricultural economy. Issues Agriculture Economics 4, 13-22 (Chineses).

Amadi, N.S & Okagwa, Promise “Effect of Covid -19 Pandemic on Farmer’s Agricultural Activities in Rivers State ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.13-18 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/13-18.pdf

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Effect of Nano-Calcite on Polyethylene Blend and its Nanocomposites: A Study of Mechanical and Thermal Characterization

Haydar U. Zaman February 2021 Page No.: 19-23

The effect of nano-calcite (nano-calcium carbonate, nCC) on the mechanical and crystallization behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) (50/50 wt%) blends with and without titanate coupling agent (isopropyl tri-(dioctylpyrophosphato) titanate (JN114)) and different amounts of nCC were prepared through melt blending. The mechanical tests indicate that HDPE/LDPE/nCC composite with 10 wt% nCC is higher than that of HDPE/LDPE. In addition, incorporation of JN114 further increased the mechanical properties of the composites. This improvement in the mechanical properties was attributed to good interfacial adhesion between the fillers and matrix, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy examination. The addition of small amounts of JN114 into HDPE/LDPE/nCC induces the great change of crystallization behavior of HDPE/LDPE matrix. Improved distribution of nCC, enhanced crystallization temperature is achieved for HDPE/LDPE/modified-nCC samples.

Page(s): 19-23

Date of Publication: 05 March 2021

Haydar U. Zaman
Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 3787, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

References

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[4] Zaman, H. U. (2020).The influence of surface modified nanoscale mineral filler on the properties of polyethylene nanocomposites. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 02, 876-882.
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Haydar U. Zaman, “Effect of Nano-Calcite on Polyethylene Blend and its Nanocomposites: A Study of Mechanical and Thermal Characterization” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.19-23 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/19-23.pdf

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Extraction and Assessment of Polymer from Triculia Africana Seeds, As a Pharmaceutical Excipient

Ordu J I, Onichabor Serah February 2021 Page No.: 24-29

The use of natural polymers appears attractive, as they seem to be economical, readily available, non-toxic, capable of chemical modifications, potentially biodegradable and biocompatible though with few exceptions. This study aims to evaluate the gum obtained from seeds of Treculia africana as a suspending agent. The pericarp of the plant seeds was, removed and the seeds cleaned and milled. The resulting powder was defatted using a 2:1 mixture of chloroform and acetone in a soxhlet apparatus and the pure gum recovered by several washing with acetone. The mean percentage yield of dried seed gum was 12.3%. Preliminary investigation studies involving solubility, swelling index, pH, and hydration capacity, elemental and proximate analysis were, undertaken on the extracted gum. The gum was characterized with pH 7.0 – 7.4, hydration capacity 7.97± 0.01 and swelling index 8.58±0.05. Elemental and proximate analyses reveal high potassium 61% and carbohydrate content 72% respectively.

Page(s): 24-29

Date of Publication: 07 March 2021

Ordu J I
Department of Pharmaceutics/Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Onichabor Serah
Department of Pharmaceutics/Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

References

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[2] A Radha Rani Earle*, Lakshmi Usha Ayalasomayajula, G. Loknadh, K.Sai Ram Konda Reddy, L. Ratna kanth. 2016; Review on Natural Polymers Used in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. International journal of Science and Research methodology; 3(3): 1-12.
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[5] Rohit Rajendra Bhosale, Riyaz Ali M. Osmani, *Afrasim Moin. 2014-15; Natural Gums and Mucilages: A Review on Multifaceted Excipients in Pharmaceutical Science and Research International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research; 6(4); 901-912 ISSN: 0975-4873.
[6] Pritam Dinesh, Choudhary1 and Harshal Ashok Pawar1. 2014; Recently Investigated Natural Gums and Mucilages as Pharmaceutical Excipients: An Overview. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences ; |Article ID 204849 | 9 pages | https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/204849
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Ordu J I, Onichabor Serah, “Extraction and Assessment of Polymer from Triculia Africana Seeds, As a Pharmaceutical Excipient” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.24-29 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/24-29.pdf

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Effect of Natural Gum from Triculia Africana Seeds on Pharmaceutical Suspension Formulation

Ordu J I, Onichabor Serah February 2021 Page No.: 30-37

Aceclofenac suspensions were prepared with varying concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of Treculia african seed gum as with other standard suspending agents including, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum and bentonite then evaluated using such parameters as, sedimentation profile, redispersibility, rheology and pH. Moisture content of the agents were obtained with T. africana gum (8.02%), guar gum (7.34%), sodium CMC (8.57%) and bentonite (5.11%). The hydration capacity obtained was sodium CMC (8.23%), T. africana gum (7.97%), guar gum (6.96%) and bentonite (7.34%) while swelling index as determined was T. africana gum (8.56), sodium CMC (8.30), guar gum (7.83) and bentonite (5.41). The pH of T. africana seed gum from analysis was in the range of 6.9 to 7.4. To evaluate the suspending properties of the gum, aceclofenac suspension was prepared in various batches of concentration range, 0.5 to 1.5% and each batch separately made into a flocculated and deflocculated system. The formulation (flocculated or deflocculated), was evaluated based on the sedimentation profile, redispersibility, rheology and pH of the product. Values of sedimentation obtained relative to 1.5%w/v concentration of the suspending agents, in the flocculated suspension after 5days was guar gum (0.78), T. africana gum (0.58), sodium CMC (0.56) and bentonite (0.39).

Page(s): 30-37

Date of Publication: 07 March 2021

Ordu J I
Department of Pharmaceutics/Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Onichabor Serah
Department of Pharmaceutics/Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

References

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Ordu J I, Onichabor Serah “Effect of Natural Gum from Triculia Africana Seeds on Pharmaceutical Suspension Formulation” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.30-37 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/30-37.pdf

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Removal of Cr3+ ions from a model solution by HCl treated Artocarpus heterophyllus L. seeds: Equilibrium and Kinetic study

Nthiga, Esther Wanja, Ndung’u, Samuel Ng’ang’a, Kibet, Kelvin, Wanjau, Ruth Nduta February 2021 Page No.: 38-45

The present study used Jackfruit seeds (JS) as a novel adsorbent in adsorption of Cr³⁺ions from an aqueous solution. A modified Jackfruit seeds (MJS) adsorbent was prepared by chemical treatment of unmodified Jackfruit seeds (UJS) with hydrochloric acid. Both UJS and MJS were characterized by FT-IR which showed increased in the number of negatively charged functional groups responsible for Cr³⁺ions adsorption. Adsorption parameters (pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration) greatly influenced the adsorption process. The Langmuir adsorption model was best fitted with experimental value with R²>0.99, which assumed monolayer coverage of adsorbed Cr³⁺ions with a maximum adsorption capacity of 16.18 mg g^-1(MJS) and 10.34 mg g^-1(UJS). The time data fitted well in pseudo-second order kinetic model with R²>0.99 with rate constant (k₂) and calculated q_ehigher in MJS compared to UJS. From the results of the study, JS adsorbent proved to be a cheap, alternative, effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for Cr³⁺ions adsorption from aqueous solution.

Page(s): 38-45

Date of Publication: 07 March 2021

Nthiga, Esther Wanja
Department of Chemistry, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, P.O Box 657-10100, Nyeri, Kenya
Ndung’u, Samuel Ng’ang’a
Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-0100, Nairobi, Kenya
Kibet, Kelvin
Department of Chemistry, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, P.O Box 657-10100, Nyeri, Kenya
Wanjau, Ruth Nduta
Department of Chemistry, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, P.O Box 657-10100, Nyeri, Kenya

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Nthiga, Esther Wanja, Ndung’u, Samuel Ng’ang’a, Kibet, Kelvin, Wanjau, Ruth Nduta, “Removal of Cr³⁺ ions from a model solution by HCl treated Artocarpus heterophyllus L. seeds: Equilibrium and Kinetic study” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.38-45 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/38-45.pdf

For Full Text Click here

Assessment of Data Management for Monitoring and Evaluation on Performance of Smallholder Tea Farming Project in Nyamira County; Kenya

Stephen Moseria Mesa, Stephen Ondieki, Prof. Charles M. Rambo, Dr. Angeline S. Mulwa February 2021 Page No.: 46-56

The study sought to examine the relationship between Data management for M&Eand Performance of Smallholders’ Tea farming projects. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between Data management for M&Eand Performance of Smallholders’ Tea farming projects, this was done at 95% level of confidence. To test the extent of the relationship between Data management for M&Eand Performance of Smallholders’ Tea farming projects; several characteristics of Data management for M&Eand Performance of Smallholders’ Tea farming projects were analyzed based on the following hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between Data management for M&Eand Performance of Smallholders’ Tea farming projects. The corresponding mathematical model for the hypothesis was identified as follows: Performance of Smallholders’ Tea farming projects = f (Data management for M&E). The correlation results indicated that all constructs of Data management for M&Ehad their P-values under significant 2-tailed being significant since the P-values <0.05. Statement 1 (Data management for M&E is essential on performance of smallholder tea farming projects;r=0.184, P-value=0.000<0.05),Statement 2;(Most of the smallholder tea farming projects fail due to poor data management for M&E r=0.209, P-value=0.000<0.05), Statement 3;(None biased data collection methods for M&E leads to successful performance of smallholder tea farming project;r=0.410, P-value=0.000<0.05) ,Statement 4;(Proper analysis techniques enhance good communication platform for M&E thus promoting performance of smallholder tea farming projects; r=0.155, P-value=0.000<0.05), Statement 5; (Dissemination of M&E results motivates the smallholders thus promoting performance ;r=0.173, P-value=0.001 < 0.05), Statement 6; (Data security for M&E leads performance of smallholder tea farming projects;r=0.186, P-value=0.000<0.05)and Statement 7; (Data management for M&E modern tea processing, use of digital machines reduce logistics and time wastage thus inducing performance r=0.370, P-value=0.000<0.05). The overall correlation coefficient for Data management for M&Eand Performance of Smallholders’ Tea farming projects was found to be 0.552 with a P-value of 0.000 < 0.05 ,implying that there is a significant relationship between Data management for M&E and Performance of Smallholders’ Tea farming projects leading to rejection of the null hypothesis (H0 : There is no significant relationship between Data management for M&Eand Performance of Smallholders’ Tea farming projects) and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis, and hence the research findings conclude that there is a significant relationship between Data management for M&Eand Performance of Smallholders’ Tea farming projects. .

Page(s): 46-56

Date of Publication: 13 March 2021

Stephen Moseria Mesa
PhD Candidate, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Stephen Ondieki
MPPM, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Prof. Charles M. Rambo
Supervisor, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Dr. Angeline S. Mulwa
Supervisor, University of Nairobi, Kenya

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Stephen Moseria Mesa, Stephen Ondieki, Prof. Charles M. Rambo, Dr. Angeline S. Mulwa, “Assessment of Data Management for Monitoring and Evaluation on Performance of Smallholder Tea Farming Project in Nyamira County; Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.46-56 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/46-56.pdf

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Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Pyretic Effect of the Aqueous, Methanolic and N-Hexane Extract of Datura Metel seed on Albino Wister Rats

Jwan’an E.L, Mamudu V.E, Ponfa S, Okonkwo F.O February 2021 Page No.: 57-63

This study was designed with the Aim of evaluating the potency of n-hexane, methanolic and aqueous seed extract of D.metel as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antinociceptic in animal models. The plant sample was collected at kurgwi in the southern part of plateau state. A total of 63 Albino rats were used in these studies. Method the animal models were treated orally with 300mg/kg (n-hexane and methanolic extract) for group 1 and 2 while 300mg/kg 200mg/kg and 100mg/kg (Aqueous extract) for groups 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Antipyretic studies were done using 15% suspension of Brewer’s yeast in Albino rats and temperatures were recorded using a digital thermometer. The antinociceptive activity was done using formalin-induced writhing method in mice. The Anti-inflammatory study was done using the Formalin-induced paw oedema the paw size was measured using a vernier caliper. The results showed there was a significant decrease in temperature for aqueous extract group 3 with 8.53% compared to the standard drug paracetamol with 8.82% after 120mins. For the antinociceptive activity, there was no analgesia with the Formalin-induced writhing test, In the Formalin –induced paw oedema; the extract test did not have significant effect. In Conclusion the aqueous extract of Datura metel seed has better Anti-pyretic activities

Page(s): 57-63

Date of Publication: 16 March 2021

Jwan’an E.L
Department of Biochemistry Bayero University, Kano.
Mamudu V.E
Department of Biochemistry Bayero University, Kano.
Ponfa S
Department of Biochemistry Bayero University, Kano.
Okonkwo F.O
Department of Biochemistry Plateau State University, Bokkos

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Jwan’an E.L, Mamudu V.E, Ponfa S, Okonkwo F.O, “Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Pyretic Effect of the Aqueous, Methanolic and N-Hexane Extract of Datura Metel seed on Albino Wister Rats” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.57-63 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/57-63.pdf

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Anthology of the Reasons and Remedies for Manuscript Rejection from the Archives of Editors’ and Reviewers’ Criticisms

Oyebanji A Olajuyin, Ademola B Olajuyin, Adebola A Olajuyin, Toye G Olajide, Waheed A Adegbiji February 2021 Page No.: 64-69

Background: Publish or Perish is an academic dictum that sensitizes scholars to publish their researches in learned journals. However, the desire to publish is one thing; to get the research published is a different kettle of fish. Sometimes, researchers are confronted by the challenge of manuscript rejection whereby, for one reason or the other, their manuscripts are rejected. In this paper, the reasons and remedies for manuscript rejection in the perspectives of editors and reviewers of the rejected manuscripts are described. Objective: To describe the reasons and remedies for the rejection of manuscripts in the perspectives of editors and reviewers. Methodology: A retrospective review of published papers earlier rejected by scholarly journals was conducted. Results: In all, letters of 41 manuscripts earlier rejected were analyzed. The main reason for the rejections was poor manuscript preparation accounting for 63.4% of the cases. Of the 41 rejected manuscripts, 34 (83%), guided by the editors’ or reviewers’ criticisms, were revised re-submitted and eventually published. Conclusion: This study shows that poor manuscript preparation is the most common reason for manuscripts rejection accounting for 63.4% of the cases. However, the rejected manuscripts, if revised, using the reviewers’ or editors’ criticisms as a guide, can be re-submitted and be published. The need for academicians, especially the inexperienced to pay close attention to manuscript preparation is hereby stressed.

Page(s): 64-69

Date of Publication: 18 March 2021

Oyebanji A Olajuyin
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital and Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria.
Ademola B Olajuyin
Department of Family Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti- State, Nigeria.
Adebola A Olajuyin
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria.
Toye G Olajide
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti/Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti (ABUAD), Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Waheed A Adegbiji
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Head & Neck Surgery, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria.

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Oyebanji A Olajuyin, Ademola B Olajuyin, Adebola A Olajuyin, Toye G Olajide, Waheed A Adegbiji “Anthology of the Reasons and Remedies for Manuscript Rejection from the Archives of Editors’ and Reviewers’ Criticisms” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.64-69 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/64-69.pdf

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Response of Solanum Macrocarpon to Irrigation and Organic Matter

Jimmy Akinfemi Osunbitan and Toyese Friday Oyewusi February 2021 Page No.: 70-74

The study was conducted to examine the effect of irrigation scheduling (irrigation depth and interval) and organic matter on the growth and yield of Solanum macrocarpon. A replicated 3 × 3 × 4 factorial arrangement with treatments consisting of irrigation depth (4, 6 and 8 mm), irrigation interval (1, 3 and 5 days) and percent organic matter incorporation (0%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight) was used for experiment pot in a screen house. The mixed soil and poultry litters was left for 14 days to allow for decomposition of the manure. Ten viable seeds of Solanum macrocarpon were planted per pot and were thinned to three stands of plant per pot two weeks after germination then irrigation water at the above-mentioned depths and intervals were applied. The result of the experiment showed that irrigation depth, irrigation interval and percent organic matter incorporation influenced the vegetable yield. The maximum fresh yield (78.73 kg/ha) and dry matter yield (17.29 kg/ha) occurred when 4% poultry litter was incorporated into the soil while the minimum fresh yield (34.88 kg/ha) and dry matter yield (7.40 kg/ha) occurred when no organic matter was incorporated. Irrigation interval of three days as well as irrigation depth of 6 mm resulted in the highest growth and maximum yield of the vegetable. In conclusion, the factor combination of 4% organic matter incorporation with 6 mm irrigation depth applied at three days irrigation interval resulted in the highest plant growth and maximum yield of the vegetable.

Page(s): 70-74

Date of Publication: 19 March 2021

Jimmy Akinfemi Osunbitan
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Adeleke University, Nigeria
Toyese Friday Oyewusi
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Adeleke University, Nigeria

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Jimmy Akinfemi Osunbitan and Toyese Friday Oyewusi “Response of Solanum Macrocarpon to Irrigation and Organic Matter” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.70-74 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/70-74.pdf

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In-vitro Free Radical Scavenging Ability, Phytochemical Screening and Total Polyphenolic Contents of Different Extracts of Emilia praetermissa Leaves

Yemisi Rufina Alli Smith February 2021 Page No.: 75-79

Emilia praetermissa is a herb that belongs to the family of Asteraceae. It is used as vegetable in many regions of West Africa and Central America. Many diseases/disorders are linked to oxidative stress due to generation of free radicals.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant potentials of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extract of Emilia praetermissa leaves by investigating its phytochemicals constituents and in-vitro antioxidant potentials. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was screened for by measuring its total flavonoid content, total phenol content, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), Hydroxyl (OH), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activities, Iron chelation ability and ferric reducing property. The result showed that the aqueous extract is richer in phytochemical constituents than the other two extracts. Total phenol and Total flavonoids concentration were also higher in the aqueous extract. All the extracts scavenge free radicals in a concentration dependent manner with the aqueous extract show the most scavenging ability. The Free radical scavenging potentials of the extracts particularly the aqueous extract was found to be proportional to its polyphenolic contents. These findings revealed that the leaves of Emilia praetermissa contain biologically active constituents and therefore may be used as a antioxidant supplements for the management of free radicals related diseases.

Page(s): 75-79

Date of Publication: 19 March 2021

Yemisi Rufina Alli Smith
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Nigeria

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Yemisi Rufina Alli Smith “In-vitro Free Radical Scavenging Ability, Phytochemical Screening and Total Polyphenolic Contents of Different Extracts of Emilia praetermissa Leaves” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.75-79 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/75-79.pdf

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Covid-19 Pandemic: Implications for Water Construction Projects in Nzoia River Basin, Kenya

Ernest Othieno Odwori February 2021 Page No.: 80-89

Nzoia River Basin lies entirely within Kenya along the border with Uganda in the Lake Victoria Basin, and has a population of about 3.7 million people who relay on the construction industry to develop the infrastructure required for the provision of various services. The purpose of this study is to examine the COVID-19 pandemic implications on water construction projects in the basin. A cross-sectional research design was used in the study. Three counties were randomly selected from the basin for study with Busia representing the lower catchment, Kakamega middle catchment and Trans Nzoia upper catchment. A total of 80 water construction projects were identified in the study area of which 48 projects representing 60% of the identified projects were sampled. The global outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19 has heavily impacted the construction industry worldwide. As a result of lockdowns and movement restrictions imposed by many countries around the world as a measure to slow the virus’s spread, the construction industry has faced several challenges and obstacles in terms of contractual commitments, resource availability, deliverables, health and safety controls, and project delays or cancellations. The construction industry is a significant growth driver of the economy around the world; and with such disturbances culminating into partial and complete shut downs; and with all developments and projects being postponed until further notice; it is prudent to examine the COVID-19 pandemic implications for construction projects in Nzoia River Basin, Kenya. Water projects were chosen to meet this goal in representing construction projects in the basin as water projects like any other construction project do reflect all phases of a construction project and can be successfully used to examine the pandemic impacts and the accompanying implications for the construction projects in general. This study used questionnaire surveys, in-depth expert interviews (key informants) with selected stakeholders from the construction industry, academia and scientists, field observations, recently published literature and industry experiences to examine COVID-19 pandemic implications on water construction projects in the basin. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that construction projects in the basin like any other projects around the world have been badly affected through contractual obligations, availability of materials, personnel, equipment, health and safety measures, and project delays as a result of lockdowns and movement restrictions imposed by several countries around the world. The findings of this study shed light on the consequences of the sudden occurrence of a major pandemic and raise awareness of the critical impacts to the construction industry. The revelation of the implications shall inform the policy and decision-makers at national and county governments to devise effective mechanisms of addressing the challenges for the sustainability of the construction industry. We recommend similar studies in other important sectors of our economy to establish the effects the pandemic has had and the possible mitigation measures.

Page(s): 80-89

Date of Publication: 20 March 2021

Ernest Othieno Odwori
Department of Water, Environment and Natural Resources, Kakamega County, Kakamega, Kenya

References

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Ernest Othieno Odwori “Covid-19 Pandemic: Implications for Water Construction Projects in Nzoia River Basin, Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.80-89 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/80-89.pdf

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Development of a Dual Powered Fish Smoking Kiln

Ajewole, P. O., Oluwatobi, O. B., and Oni, I. O February 2021 Page No.: 90-95

Fish is a perishable food material and it is highly susceptible to deterioration without any preservative or processing measure. Harvesting of fish, handling, processing, and distribution provide livelihood for millions of people, as well as providing foreign exchange to many countries in Africa, but about 40% of the fish caught in the rural communities get spoilt as a result of poor infrastructures for post-harvest processing and storage. In order to solve this problem, the performance evaluation of a smoking kiln that was fabricated and assembled at the engineering workshop of the Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, was carried out. The smoking cabinet was made from galvanized sheet metal and lagged with insulator to prevent heat loss, the smoking chamber consists of 5 set of trays of 520 x 480 x 80mm. The fish smoking kiln was tested with three different fish (Herring fish, Stock Fish and Cat Fish) using charcoal and electric heat sources. The kiln gave higher drying rate and required more energy cost for all the three fish types when powered with charcoal. However, it was discovered that the labour cost in using charcoal was less than that of the electric heat source. The stock fish had highest drying rate and least energy and labour cost when compared with other fish types.

Page(s): 90-95

Date of Publication: 21 March 2021

Ajewole, P. O.
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Oluwatobi, O. B.
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Oni, I. O
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

References

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[3] Clucas, I.J. (2011): The Influence of Traditional Handling Methods on the Quality of Processed Fish In Nigeria. In: Proceedings Of The Conference on the Handling, Processing And Marketing Of Tropical Fish. 13 To L9th April, 1976 Organized by the Tropical Product Institute, London 201 Pp.
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[6] Holman, J.P. (1998): Heat Transfer, 9th Edition. New York: McgrawHill. ILO – WEP. 1982. Small-Scale Processing Of Fish. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 95Pp.Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, (16th Ed.), P. 42-1.
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[8] Rozum, J. J (1999): Fish Processing Technology in the Tropics. Ilorin, Nig.: University of Ilorin Press, 403Pp FAO. 1971. Equipment and Methods for Improved Smoke-Drying Of Fish in the Tropics.

Ajewole, P. O., Oluwatobi, O. B., and Oni, I. O “Development of a Dual Powered Fish Smoking Kiln” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.90-95 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/90-95.pdf

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Analysis of Monthly Variation and Age-Group Differentials in Cholera Outbreak in Yenagoa, South Southern Nigeria

Amaefula C. G February 2021 Page No.: 96-100

The paper considers monthly variation of cholera outbreak and the effect among different age groups in Yenagoa, south southern Nigeria. The data set used spanned from 2016M1 to 2018M12. The method of calculating seasonal variation using monthly index and quarterly index were applied. Chi-Square was adopted to test the homogeneity of cholera across the quarterly indices and different age groups. The results showed that the null hypothesis of no seasonal variation in Cholera cases in Yenagoa is rejected against the alternative and it is significant under 5% level. Hence, the incidence of cholera has seasonal effect in Yenagoa, with peak in the first quarter (January – March) and nadir in the third quarter (July-September). The results also showed that children under the age group (0-14) are the worst hit and represents 87.2 percent of the cases. Therefore, this finding becomes useful for the government and stake holders in terms of disease surveillance and control.

Page(s): 96-100

Date of Publication: 21 March 2021

References

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Amaefula C. G “Analysis of Monthly Variation and Age-Group Differentials in Cholera Outbreak in Yenagoa, South Southern Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.96-100 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/96-100.pdf

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Estimation of the Ground Heat Flux from Percentage of Net Radiation in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Usman, A; Sunday, J. A. and Sunmonu, L.A February 2021 Page No.: 101-105

Some results and measurement of analysis used to determine ground heat flux, have been evaluated with field data in Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria. For the field observations, an instrumented meteorological mast was set up at an experimental site (7033’N, 4035’E) located at Obafemi Awolowo University campus, Ile-Ife, Nigeria for a period of two weeks (31st May-14th June, 2013). The soil heat flux, net radiation and soil temperature from the soil heat flux plate; an all-wave net radiometer, and soil thermometer were recorded every 10 seconds and averaged over 2 minutes interval. The sampled data was stored in the datalogger (Campbell Scientific, Model CR10X) storage module. After the removal of spurious measurement values (Quality Assurance and Quality Control), the data stored was further reduced to 30 minutes averages using the Microcal Origin (version 7.0) data analysis software. The estimated ground heat flux, PR was compared with the actual measurements, HG,C and remarkably good agreement have been obtained with the MBE = -0.01 Wm-2; RMSE = 0.13 Wm-2 , and r = 0.75. Hence, in the absence of direct measurement of the ground heat flux, the parameterization considered in this study is capable of yielding good result for ground heat flux even with a small set of measured net radiation data.

Page(s): 101-105

Date of Publication: 21 March 2021

Usman, A
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Physics/Electronics Unit), Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria
Sunday, J. A.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Physics/Electronics Unit), Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria
Sunmonu, L.A
Department of Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria

References

[1] Campbell Scientific, (2010): Net Radiometer model NR-Lite Measurement and Control Module Instruction Manual. Campbell Scientist Ltd. Leicester-shire, UK.
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Usman, A; Sunday, J. A. and Sunmonu, L.A “Estimation of the Ground Heat Flux from Percentage of Net Radiation in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.101-105 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/101-105.pdf

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Impact of Economic Activities on Poverty Reduction in Mubi Metropolis, Adamawa State-Nigeria

Hamisu Ali and Bosco Moses February 2021 Page No.: 106-111

This study determined the impact of economic activities on poverty reduction in Mubi metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Objective of this study are to determine the income generated through the economic activities in the Cattle Market (Tike) and Sabon Kasuwa (Kasuwan Hatsi) and identify the level of employment opportunities available through economic activities in the study area. The study data were primarily sourced from the two (2) markets through the use of questionnaire, observation and interviews. Simple random sampling techniques were employed to select 280 respondents. Out of which only 178 were successfully returned. The result shows that on average 4000-5000 cattle are sold per week and N300 naira only is paid per cattle as revenue for the State and local government (Mubi South). It further revealed that State and Local Government generate revenue not less than N1,200,000 on weekly basis. In Sabon Kasuwa (Kasuwan Hatsi), State and Local Government generate revenue of N400,000 and N200,000 respectively. Both the market provides employment opportunities within the age bracket of 35-40 years. The result also depicts that the two (2) markets contribute 42% to the State and 61% percentage to local government. The key issues of the market is cattle rustler, road network to final destination, reduction in consumption of cattle and it’s provide low standard of living due to economics constrain at household level in Mubi metropolis. It is therefore, recommended among others that government should accord top priority to provide security personnel to secure all the roads that link with cattle market (Tike) from neighbouring countries against cattle rustlers, government should employ modern system (electronic) of collecting revenue from the markets in Mubi metropolis.

Page(s): 106-111

Date of Publication: 24 March 2021

Hamisu Ali
Department of Economics, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria
Bosco Moses
Department of Business Administration, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria

References

[1] ADADP (1986). Adamawa Agricultural Development Program.
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[5] Hassan Mohammed, Funmilola F. Ahmed, Abdulkabir N. Adedeji. (2020) Effect of Insurgency on Cattle Markets in Northeast Nigeria: Appraisal of KasuwanShanu Cattle Market, Maiduguri, Borno State. Science Research. Vol. 8, No. 5, 2020, pp. 108-114. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20200805.11 https://www.currency.me.uk/conver/ngn/xaf
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Hamisu Ali and Bosco Moses “Impact of Economic Activities on Poverty Reduction in Mubi Metropolis, Adamawa State-Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.106-111 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/106-111.pdf

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On The Exponential Diophantine Equation (192m)+(6(γ+1)+1)n=ρ2

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar February 2021 Page No.: 112-114

The class of Diophantine equations is classified in two categories, one is linear Diophantine equations and the other one is non-linear Diophantine equations. Both categories of Diophantine equations are widely used to represent the many puzzle problems in mathematical form. In the present paper, authors studied the exponential Diophantine equation (19^2m)+(6^(γ+1)+1)ⁿ=ρ², where m,n,γ,ρ are whole numbers, for determining its solution in whole number. Results show that the exponential Diophantine equation (19^2m)+(6^(γ+1)+1)ⁿ=ρ², where m,n,γ,ρ are whole numbers, has no solution in whole number.

Page(s): 112-114

Date of Publication: 25 March 2021

Sudhanshu Aggarwal
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National Post Graduate College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India
Sanjay Kumar
Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, M. S. College, Saharanpur-247001, U.P., India

References

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Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar “On The Exponential Diophantine Equation (19^2m)+(6^(γ+1)+1)ⁿ=ρ²” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.112-114 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/112-114.pdf

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Symbolic Feathers: A Catalyst for Protectivism; Ritualism and Spirituality in Traditional Religion

Francis Chuks Madukasi, PhD March 2021 Page No.: 115-126

The proper underpinning of feathers as a traditional symbol of royalty and the prestige of the indigenous people of Africa will go a long way in the full integration of the African people’s life and their immediate cultural ecology with messages it disseminate. It must be noted also that despite the significance of this integration, it must be informed that some symbolic feathers to many adherents of African Traditional Religion are seen as a symbol of royalty and the prestige is evidently not limited in its transmission of reality thereby making it to serve as an outward and inward purity and holiness that are required of the initiates towards improving human spiritual conditions and dignity. This paper investigates how feathers basically play significant roles in mediating and facilitating religious communication in Traditional Religion, giving rise to thought, interpretation, and symbolic meanings. In Traditional Religion, feathers of some selected birds like the eagle, fowl and parrot encapsulate so many things which are very distinctive thereby representing so many things and ideologies.

Page(s): 115-126

Date of Publication: 26 March 2021

Francis Chuks Madukasi, PhD
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Department of Religion & Society, Igbariam Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria, PMB 6059 General Post Office Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

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Francis Chuks Madukasi, PhD, “Symbolic Feathers: A Catalyst for Protectivism; Ritualism and Spirituality in Traditional Religion” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 March 2021, pp.115-126 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/115-126.pdf

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Evaluation of turmeric’s protective potential of the kidneys against Doxorubicin induced oxidative stress damage in Wistar rats.

Isirima, Joshua Charles and Okoroafor, Dorcas Okayo March 2021 Page No.: 127-134

Doxorubicin is an effective anthracycline used in the treatment of various cancers, but with severe a adverse effect which affects its potency, thus there is a need to reduce its toxicity in clinical setting in the management of cancers. The current study investigated turmeric root extract for its protective action against doxorubicin-induced kidney histo-pathological damage in Wistar rats. 27 adult Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups of three animals each. Group 1 animals received normal saline, group 2 animals received doxorubicin, group 3 animals were given doxorubicin and turmeric, group 4 animals received doxorubicin and vitamin C, group 5 animals received doxorubicin and vitamin E, group 6 animals received doxorubicin, vitamins C and turmeric, group 7 animals received doxorubicin, vitamin E and turmeric, while group 8 animals received doxorubicin, vitamins C and E and, group 9 animals receive doxorubicin, vitamins C and E and turmeric. The study lasted for 28 days and kidneys were harvested and processed for histological assessment. Results revealed that doxorubicin caused formation and accumulation of inflammatory cells and edematous tubules (nephritis) and necrosis after 14 and 28 days of administration in the kidneys, while kidneys from the control animals and those that received turmeric alone or in combination with either vitamins C or E or both with doxorubicin for 14 and 28 days showed normal histo-morphological features. This was also true for, the kidneys of animals that received vitamins C and E alone or in combination simultaneously with doxorubicin. Thus turmeric root extract protected the kidneys against the damaging effect of doxorubicin-induced toxicity.

Page(s): 127-134

Date of Publication: 26 March 2021

Isirima, Joshua Charles
Department of Biomedical Technology, School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba-Port Harcourt, 500272, Nigeria
Okoroafor, Dorcas Okayo
Department of Biomedical Technology, School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba-Port Harcourt, 500272, Nigeria

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Isirima, Joshua Charles and Okoroafor, Dorcas Okayo, “Evaluation of turmeric’s protective potential of the kidneys against Doxorubicin induced oxidative stress damage in Wistar rats.” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 March 2021, pp.127-134 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/127-134.pdf

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The Corona Virus Pandemic Threat and Assessment of Women Participation in Agricultural Activities in Oyi Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria

Anarah, Samuel E , Anunobi Chizoba P, Obot Akaninyene, Umeh Onyebuchi February 2021 Page No.: 134-143

Women are primarily responsible for food crops in Africa and depending on the region they produce 40 – 90% of food crops. Yet, in spite of these contributions, men make the key farm management decisions. Therefore, this paper investigated women’s participation in agricultural activities and the covid-19 pandemic in Oyi local government area of Anambra State. The specific objectives were to determine the perceived effect of corona virus on farming activities; determine the level of women participation in the different agricultural activities and identify the constraints faced by women in participating in agricultural activities due to corona virus pandemic threat in the study area. A total of 50 women were selected for the study using a multi-stage sampling technique. Objectives were achieved using percentages; mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution. From the findings of this study the result indicates that majority of women showed higher level of participation in farm clearing, planting and weeding. Credit facilities, labour access to input and government policies were factors militating against women participation in agricultural activities. Lack of capital, fear of contacting the coronavirus was a major constraint of women participating in agricultural activities in Oyi local Government. Individuals, cooperates, agencies and governments should provide on-line platform and delivery in the state and across the country for input and credit facilities to women in agriculture.

Page(s): 134-143

Date of Publication: 27 March 2021

Anarah, Samuel E
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Anunobi Chizoba P
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Obot Akaninyene
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Umeh Onyebuchi
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

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Anarah, Samuel E , Anunobi Chizoba P, Obot Akaninyene, Umeh Onyebuchi “The Corona Virus Pandemic Threat and Assessment of Women Participation in Agricultural Activities in Oyi Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.134-143 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/134-143.pdf

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Effects of Teacher-Led Personal-Training and Sustained Participation in Physical Exercise among Undergraduate Students in a Private University in, Ogun State, Nigeria

Oyerinde Oyewole Olusesan (Ph.D), Oyerinde Oluwayemisi Irene (M.ED), Onamade Babatunde (Ph.D), Olaoye Paul Olufemi (M. Sc) February 2021 Page No.: 144-150

The importance of regular physical activity/Exercise (PA/PE) has significant contributions to one’s health and sense of well-being. It has been found to help in maintenance of a healthy body weight. The lifelong carriage positive effect of regular involvement in physical activity/exercises (PA/PE) helps the latter gait at old age. Active sustained participation have been found to impact positively academic activities, However, voluntary participation has been noted and continuous low even among undergraduates male and females collegiate (Emily, Leigh, Ross 2003). This prevailing low or no involvement in PA/PE is increasing at an alarming rate because only few adopt voluntarily physical exercise as a means of promoting general wellness and well-being. Due to the above, the objective of this study was to identify the relationship between teachers-led physical activity and uptake of voluntary personal training to improve Sustained Participation in Physical Activities among undergraduates in a private University in Ogun State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional and it adopted an arm quasi experimental research design involving 600 undergraduates who completed the questionnaire at the pre and post intervention that assessed their physical activity practices and behaviour. The results showed that participant’s mean age was 17±2.45 years, and their ages ranged from 15 to 22 years. Female students 379(65.2%) were slightly more than their male counterpart. The planned relaxation and the ties with teachers 241(40.2%) was rated as sometimes which is quite indicative of teachers tendency to induce free participation. This was found significant Pvalue=0.000 (R-.164). Multiple regression correlation coefficient, indicating the relationship between the predictor variable (teacher led) and students’ involvement in physical activities is 0.152. The adjusted R square is 0.201, this means that the predictor variables accounted for 20.1% variation in students involvement in physical activities. This relationship was further ascertained using multiple regression and ANOVA F (2,597) = 7.040; P<0.05. This indicated that there was a significant linear relationship between the predictor variable and students involvements in physical activities. In conclusion therefore Teacher-led PAPE had a strong correlation with the levels of physical activity performance. Therefore it is recommended that an all-encompassing physical exercise driven program/course should be included as part of general courses for students at all levels in tertiary institutions.

Page(s): 144-150

Date of Publication: 27 March 2021

Oyerinde Oyewole Olusesan (Ph.D)
Department of Public Health, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Oyerinde Oluwayemisi Irene (M.ED)
Federal Government College, Odogbolu, Ogun State, Nigeria
Onamade Babatunde (Ph.D)
Adeleke University, Department of Computer Science Nigeria
Olaoye Paul Olufemi (M. Sc)
Babcock Universirty High School, Nigeria

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Oyerinde Oyewole Olusesan (Ph.D), Oyerinde Oluwayemisi Irene (M.ED), Onamade Babatunde (Ph.D), Olaoye Paul Olufemi (M. Sc) “Effects of Teacher-Led Personal-Training and Sustained Participation in Physical Exercise among Undergraduate Students in a Private University in, Ogun State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.144-150 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/144-150.pdf

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Effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Spills from Transformers on SoilsPhysico-chemical Properties

Tabuanu, O. D, Ogbonna D. N and Eze C. L February 2021 Page No.: 151-157

Polychlorinated biphenyls are toxic persistent organic compounds primarily used in electrical and industrial application such as transformers, capacitors, and insulations. When leaked into the environment, theycontaminate the soils, water and aquifers. Standard analytical procedures were employed in the determination of the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls compounds from soil samples. Soil were collected using hand auger at various depths of 0-15cm, 15-30cm and 30-60cm at two transformer stations at Trans-Amadi and ManillaPepple in Port Harcourt. Physico-chemical characteristic and heavy metal contents were analyzed accordingly using prescribed methods. The pH of4.24was obtained at 0-15cm while the organic matter content had 2.26% while heavy metal contents recorded higher values at same soil depths across both stations.Salinity had a significant positive correlation coefficient (r) of 0.908 and 0.956 with pH and electrical conductivity while Carbon/Nitrogen ratio had a significant similar correlation coefficient (r) of 0.852 with organic carbon. Available phosphorous had a significant correlation coefficient (r) of 0.833 with Carbon/Nitrogen ratio. The calibration factors of target polychlorinated biphenyls were estimated to test the linearity of the Gas Chromatography (GC) with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) within a concentration of 0.025ng/µL to 0.400ng/µL. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of the calibration factors ranged from 4.6% to 12.3%, indicating a good response. . Results of this study revealed that Polychlorinated Biphenyls concentrations varied across various depths; Trans-Amadi was in the range of 12.95mg/kg – 52.05mg/kg while ManillaPepple ranged from 4.70mg/kg – 12.95mg/kg, the mean of Ʃ28 polychlorinated biphenyls in soil samples from both transformer stations ranged from 4.7– 52.05mg/kg. However, these values were above standard limitsfor low persistent organic pollutants (POP) content in soils. The study reveals that continuous exposure of PCBs to the environment can affect the soils negatively by causing an imbalance in the soil structure and then pollute water resources through seepage into the ground water system because of the soil geologic formation.Regular exposure of the populace around the electrical transformer stationsare predisposed to severe health risks through inhalation of particulate and gaseous depositions from the facility.

Page(s): 151-157

Date of Publication: 27 March 2021

Tabuanu, O. D
Institute of Geosciences and Environment Management, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Ogbonna D. N
Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Eze C. L
Institute of Geosciences and Environment Management, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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Tabuanu, O. D, Ogbonna D. N and Eze C. L “Effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Spills from Transformers on SoilsPhysico-chemical Properties” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.151-157 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/151-157.pdf

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Commodity Terms Oftrade And Their Effects On Money Supply In Nigeria

Biu O. Emmanuel, Arimie O.Christopher, Ebe Oghenetejiri Jennifer February 2021 Page No.: 158-168

This work modelled commodity terms of trade and their effects on money supply in Nigeria. The Kwaitkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) root test was used to determine whether the commodity trade variables were stationary after first and second differencing was done. Two co-integrated models were built based on commodity trade stationarity. The first Model, containing the variables, Mineral Products, Allied Industries Products, Leather Products, Textiles Products, Wood Products, Precious Metals Products, Base Metals and Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles, was stationary after the first difference. The second Model containing the variables, Animal Products, Vegetable Products, Paper Making Material Products, Machinery and Chemical Appliances, Vehicles and Parts Products, Beverages, Plastic and Rubber and Cement Products, was stationary after the second difference. The results show that there exists a long run relationship between money supply and commodity terms of trade since the parameters the commodity trade variables were significant at 1%, 5% and 10% levels.

Page(s): 158-168

Date of Publication: 27 March 2021

Biu O. Emmanuel
Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Arimie O. Christopher
Department of Radiology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Ebe Oghenetejiri Jennifer
Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

References

[1]. Ajayi, I., (1999). Evolution and functions of central banks, Central Bank of Nigeria Economic and Financial Review, 37(4): 11-27. [2]. Bloch, H. and Sapsford, D. (1998). Prebisch and Singer Effects on the Terms of Trade between Primary Producers and Development Economics and Policy, edited by D. Sapsford and J.Chen. London: Macmillan [3]. Brooks, C. (2014). Introductory Econometrics for Finance; Cambridge University Press; Three Edition p. 744. [4]. CBN (2018a). Monetary Policy https://www.cbn.gov.ng [5]. CBN (2018b). Co-integration: Definition, Examples, and Test, Statistical Bulletin. https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/cointegration/ [6]. Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). “Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root”, Journal of the American statistical association, 74(366a), 427-431. [7]. Dickey, D. A., Bell, W. R. and Miller, R. B. (1986). Unit Roots in Time Series Models; Test and Implication, American Statistician, 40: 12-26. [8]. Dolado, J. J., Jenkinson, T. and Sosvilla‐Rivero, S. (1990). “Co-integration and unit roots”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 4(3), 249-273. [9]. Engle, R. F. and Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and Error Correction; Representation, Estimation and Testing, Econometrica, 55: 251-276. [10]. Erik Hjalmarsson and Pär Österholm (2007). Testing for Co-Integration Using the Johansen Methodology when Variables Are Near-Integrated, Engineering Statistics handbook. https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pmc/section4/pmc442.htm [11]. Francis W. A. (2000), Model Mis-specification and Johansen’s co-integration analysis: An Application to the US money demand [12]. Gerald, Dwyer P. (2015) “The Johansen Test for Co-integration.” Journal Horizon Vol XII. [13]. Granger, C. W. and Newbold, P. (1974): “Spurious regressions in econometrics”, Journal of econometrics, 2(2), 111-120. [14]. Johansen, S. and Juselius, K. (1990): “Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on co-integration – with applications to the demand for money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics, 52(2), 169-210. [15]. Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C. B., Schmidt, P., Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root, Journal of Econometrics 54, 159–178. [16]. Phillips, P.C.B. (1987). “Time Series Regression with a Unit Root,” Econometrica, 55, 227-301. [17]. Phillips, P.C.B. and Perron, P. (1988). “Testing for Unit Roots in Time Series Regression,” Biometrika, 75, 335-346. [18]. Phillips, P.C.B. and Xiao, Z. (1998). “A Primer on Unit Root Testing,” Journal of Economic Surveys, 12, 423-470. [19]. Rao, D.C. (2007). Handbook of Statistics 27: Epidemiology and Medical Statistics. North Holland [20]. Sanda, H. T. (2013). A co-integration and causality analysis of Scandinavian Stock markets. University of Minnesota, Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium in the Money Market, Chapter Three. [21]. Sarkar, P. (1986). The Singer-Prebisch hypothesis: A statistical evaluation, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 10: 355–371. [22]. Schwert, W. (1989). “Test for Unit Roots: A Monte Carlo Investigation,” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 7, 147-159. [23]. Uwakaeme O. S., (2015). Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation of Determinants and Causal Relationship (1980 – 2012), American Journal of Economics, Vol. 5 No. 1, [24]. William, B. J. and Michael M. (1991). Macroeconomics. First Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. U.S.A. [25]. William, B. J. and Michael M. (2008). Economics. 7th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. Print.

Biu O. Emmanuel, Arimie O.Christopher, Ebe Oghenetejiri Jennifer “Commodity Terms Oftrade And Their Effects On Money Supply In Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.158-168 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/158-168.pdf

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Extraction and Physicochemical Analysis of Punica granatum l. (Pomegranate) Seed Oil

Wapwera Augustine Jidimma, Sharon Bitrus Yelmi, Okoye Maryann, Poloma Aisha Habila and Mashingil Paul Moses February 2021 Page No.: 169-172

Pomegranate (Punicagranatum l) is an edible fruit with high nutritional value. It has an outstanding medical history in many cultures around the world. This research is aimed at creating awareness on the nutritional content of the pomegranate seed and seed oil, so as to encourage local cultivation and consumption of the fruit and seed. The extraction of the pomegranate seed oil (PSO) was done using soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether (60-80oC) as solvent. PSO forms approximately 9.90% (percentage yield oil) of the seeds. This research shows the PSO has a refractive index of 1.4723 at 250C which shows that the oil is clear oil. Proximate analysis shows the moisture content (10.40±0.35)% , ash content (1.38±1.58)%, crude fiber (35.55±0.1)% , crude protein (8.80 0.42) %, crude fat (12.46±1.5)% and total carbohydrates analyzed by difference (30.91±0.35)%, this shows that the seeds are edible and nutritional. Physicochemical analysis of the seed oil reveals the saponification value (228.95±0.7)mgKOH/g, acid value (10.39±1.13)mgKOH/g, peroxide value 80.07±0.43 mgO2/g, iodine value (131.38±0.98)mgI2/100g and ester value (2.18.55±0.42)mgKOH/g. The Pomegranate seed oil is compared with the Nigeria industrial standards (NIS) and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) values for industrial oils used in cosmetology. The values are well fitted to be used in the production of soap, body creams and hair creams.

Page(s): 169-172

Date of Publication: 28 March 2021

Wapwera Augustine Jidimma
Jiddyplus Chemicals, Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria
Sharon BitrusYelmi
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria
Okoye Maryann
Department of Medical chemistry and quality control, National institute of pharmaceutical research and development, Abuja, Nigeria
Poloma Aisha Habila
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria
Mashingil Paul Moses
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria

References

[1] Abbasi, H., Rezaei, K. and Rashidi, L. 2008. Extraction of essential oils from the seeds of pomegranate using organic solvents and supercritical CO2. Journal of American Oil Chemists Society 85: 83-89.
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References

Wapwera Augustine Jidimma, Sharon Bitrus Yelmi, Okoye Maryann, Poloma Aisha Habila and Mashingil Paul Moses “Extraction and Physicochemical Analysis of Punica granatum l. (Pomegranate) Seed Oil” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.169-172 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/169-172.pdf

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Determination of Gross Alpha and Beta Concentration and Annual Committed Dose In Drinking Water Sources of Ampang West and Kerang in Mangu L.G.A., Plateau State, Nigeria

Lubis Sati, Ogori Boniface Otokpa and Ngap Justina Selman, Ibejekwe Sunday John February 2021 Page No.: 173-175

Naturally occurring radionuclides of terrestrial origin, also termed primordial radionuclides, are present in various degrees in all environmental media, including the human body. Dose from ingestion are mostly from the gross alpha and gross beta present in food and drinking water. The samples of water used for this study were collected from eight sources of drinking water from Ampang west district and Kerang district both in ManguLGAs of Plateau State, Nigeria. The samples were analysed using Protean Instrument Corporation (PIC) MPC2000DP, and the results of the analysis shows that the gross alpha and beta activity in the water ranges from 0.0104± 0.002 Bq/L to 0.1381 ± 0.013 Bq/L and 0.0103 ± 0.014Bq/L to 0.1612 ± 0.029 Bq/L respectively. The values are below the 0.5Bq/L for gross alpha and 1.0Bq/L for gross beta acceptable limit by WHO. The entire calculated annual committed effective dose for both alpha and beta activity where below the limit of 0.1mSv/yr. The results obtained from the analysis, is evident that the water has not been polluted by radioactive materials and hence would not be harmful for human consumption

Page(s): 173-175

Date of Publication: 28 March 2021

Lubis Sati
Federal College of Education Pankshin P.M.B 1027 Plateau State, Nigeria
Ogori Boniface Otokpa
Federal College of Education Pankshin P.M.B 1027 Plateau State, Nigeria
Ngap Justina Selman
Federal College of Education Pankshin P.M.B 1027 Plateau State, Nigeria
Ibejekwe Sunday John
Federal College of Education Pankshin P.M.B 1027 Plateau State, Nigeria

References

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Lubis Sati, Ogori Boniface Otokpa and Ngap Justina Selman, Ibejekwe Sunday John “Determination of Gross Alpha and Beta Concentration and Annual Committed Dose In Drinking Water Sources of Ampang West and Kerang in Mangu L.G.A., Plateau State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.173-175 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/173-175.pdf

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Mixed Cropping: Food Security Solution for Developing Countries

Mustapha Aliyu; Dada Ibilewa; Caleb Odiji February 2021 Page No.: 176-180

The agricultural food system in Nigeria is facing unprecedented shocks and stresses in recent times largely due to several adversities. This creates threats to food security and may cause food crises. It has serious implication on smallholder farmers’ livelihood, which largely depend on agriculture. Another issue is the need for sustainable agricultural intensification. Simultaneous cultivation of two or more crops on the same piece of land has been found to promote Conservation agriculture as well as sustainable agricultural intensification. This paper highlights the studies conducted on mixed cropping in Nigeria within two decades (between 2000 and 2020). Over ten publications were made in this regard. The findings of the studies on the level of adopting the mixed cropping agricultural practice in the country, pest suppressive effects of the practice, and other advantages of the practice have been underscored. These include; improving food production and income for small farmers; promoting diversification of agricultural productions; securing the regularity of returns throughout the season as well as safety net against climatic uncertainties. Not only has intercropping demonstrated to improve crop productivity, but also develop balanced bio-diverse richer ecosystem. Since small-scale farmers based on traditional techniques, mixed cropping, mostly carry out crop cultivation in Nigeria is best suited for farming at this level.

Page(s): 176-180

Date of Publication: 30 March 2021

Mustapha Aliyu
National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Abuja, Nigeria
Dada Ibilewa
National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Abuja, Nigeria
Caleb Odiji
National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Abuja, Nigeria

References

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[2] Ajayi, J. O. (2014) Comparative Economic Study of Mixed and Sole Cassava Cropping Systems in Nigeria. AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 06, 4, 15-23. VI 6
[3] Alamu J. F. (2002). Comparative Analysis of Maize – Legumes intercropping System in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria’. Journal of Sustainable Tropical Agricultural Research. 4: 87-93.
[4] Amos, D. O. Chikwendu and J. N. Nmadu (2004) Productivity, technical efficiency and cropping patterns in the savanna zone of Nigeria. Food, WFL Publisher Science and Technology, Agriculture & Environment Vol.2 (2): 173-176. 2004
[5] Ayanwuyi, Kuponiyi, E., Ogunlade, F.A., & Jo, O. (2010). Farmers Perception of Impact of Climate Changes on Food Crop Production in Ogbomosho Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, 10.
[6] Bamire, A. S., Fabiyi Y. L. and Manyong V. M. (2002) Adoption pattern of fertiliser technology among farmers in the ecological zones of south-western Nigeria: a Tobit analysis. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53(8) 901 – 910 Published: 19 August 2002
[7] Daryanto S, Wang L, Jacinthe PA. (2016). Global synthesis of drought effects on cereal, legume, tuber and root crops production: A review. Agricultural Water Management, Global synthesis of drought effects on cereal, legume, tuber and root crops production: A review, Agricultural Water Management, Volume 179, 2017, Pages 18-33, ISSN 0378-3774.
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Mustapha Aliyu; Dada Ibilewa; Caleb Odiji “Mixed Cropping: Food Security Solution for Developing Countries” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.176-180 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/176-180.pdf

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Magnitude of Land Use and Land Cover changes in Igabi

Mustapha Aliyu, Dada Ibilewa, Rasheed Osuolale Oladosu February 2021 Page No.: 181-187

Soil erosion and degradation, water pollution and biodiversity loss, cause by intensive crop farming, have resulted in degradation of 1/4 of the global farmland, while almost 1/2 have moderately or slightly degraded. Land Use and Land Cover Change Analysis was conducted to determine the level of farmland degradation in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study area was delineated into 9 zones (A to I) for the assessments. Classified Objects Change Detection which involved comparing vector map and satellite imagery was adopted. The data used were Land-use and Land-cover map in vector format, produced in 1995 and a NigeriaSat-X satellite imagery with 20 meter spatial resolution captured in 2015. The satellite imagery was converted to vector format. The extracted land features were categorized into seven classes, namely; settlements, farmland, barren surfaces, forest plantation, natural vegetation, distorted vegetation and waterbodies. Rural Land Consumption Rate (RLCR) and Absorption Coefficient were computed. The change analysis revealed that 83.3% of the total farmland were rendered barren, 8.5% became distorted vegetation, while 8.2% were consumed by the growing settlement. The locations of the losses to the barren surfaces were mostly in zone E accounting for 76.5% of the total loss. Those converted to distorted vegetation are mostly in zone B (39.1%) where farmland became grasses of very low height. Human settlement in the area had increased between 1995 and 2015 by 31%. The RLCR revealed that the consumption rate was higher in 1995 than 2015 in all the 9 zones, instead of being higher in 2015 since the population has increased significantly. The rapid depreciation of the green vegetation to barren surfaces pose alarming threat to the environment.

Page(s): 181-187

Date of Publication: 31 March 2021

Mustapha Aliyu
National Space Research and Development Agency, Lugbe Abuja, Nigeria
Dada Ibilewa
National Space Research and Development Agency, Lugbe Abuja, Nigeria
Rasheed Osuolale Oladosu
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

References

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Mustapha Aliyu, Dada Ibilewa, Rasheed Osuolale Oladosu “Magnitude of Land Use and Land Cover changes in Igabi” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.181-187 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/181-187.pdf

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Socio-economic Benefits of Parkia biglobosa in Michika Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Madugu, Altine Justine and Zira Bamidele Dankwa February 2021 Page No.: 188-191

This study analyzed the socio-economic benefits of Parkia biglobosa in the study area. A purposive random sampling technique was used to select 180 respondents; 60 each of producers, traders and consumers who were administered with questionnaires to elicit data. Information from personal observations and interpersonal communications was used to augment data from the questionnaire. Socio-economic benefits were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and budgetary tools. Benefits derived from Parkia biglobosa were provision of food and nutrition, income and employment, household energy, medical services, improved soil fertility, environmental protection and raw materials from local crafts and other enterprises. Seeds, fuel wood and charcoal were the principal sources of cash incomes. The aggregate monthly net income for producers was from ₦128,000.00 and similarly, that of traders was ₦38,000.00. Based on these results, both producers and traders in the study area were adjudged living above the current national monthly minimum wage of ₦18,000.00 only. The study recommended intensive establishment of the species in plantations, and improved processing and pricing policies for the products to sustain the benefits.

Page(s): 188-191

Date of Publication: 01 April 2021

Madugu, Altine Justine
Adamawa State University Mubi, Nigeria
Zira Bamidele Dankwa
Adamawa State University Mubi, Nigeria

References

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Madugu, Altine Justine and Zira Bamidele Dankwa “Socio-economic Benefits of Parkia biglobosa in Michika Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.188-191 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/188-191.pdf

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Performance of Nigeria Deposit Money Banks and Macroeconomic Imbalances: A VECM Approach

Akeem Adetokun (PhD), Salawu Abdulkamaru (PhD), and Pam Dung Felix February 2021 Page No.: 192-200

The study examined the effect of selected macroeconomics indicators on the performance of deposit money banks (DMB’s) in Nigeria. The study covered a period of 1985 to 2019. The study variables include return on asset (ROA) as the dependent variable, while the independent variables are interest rate (INT), money supply (MSS), inflation rate (INF), and real gross domestic product (RGDP). The ROA was used as a measure of deposit money banks performance. The study adopted vector error correction method (VECM). As such, the vector error correction estimate revealed that the coefficient of interest rate (INT) and inflation rate (INF) exhibits positive association with the dependent variable (ROA). While, the coefficients of money supply and real gross domestic product exerts a negative association with the dependent variable. This showed that interest rate and inflation rate stimulate bank performance (ROA) in the long term than money supply and real gross domestic product. Whereas, money supply and real gross domestic product are long term predictors of bank performance. The study concluded that macroeconomic variables impacts the performance of DMB’s in Nigeria. The study recommended that government and monetary authorities should endeavour to adopt required tools that will aid in efficient management of macroeconomic indicators, with the hope of creating a healthy business environment that would guarantee improved performance of DMB’s in Nigeria.

Page(s): 192-200

Date of Publication: 04 April 2021

Akeem Adetokun (PhD)
Department of Banking and Finance, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Nigeria
Salawu Abdulkamaru (PhD)
Country Head of Internal Control, Keystone Bank Sierra Leone, Nigeria
Pam Dung Felix
Department of Economics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Nigeria

References

[1] Ajayi, F. O. & Atanda, A. A (2012). Monetary Policy and Bank Performance in Nigeria: A Two Step Cointegration Approach. African Journal of Scientific Research, 9 (1): 462 – 476.
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Akeem Adetokun (PhD), Salawu Abdulkamaru (PhD), and Pam Dung Felix “Performance of Nigeria Deposit Money Banks and Macroeconomic Imbalances: A VECM Approach” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.192-200 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/192-200.pdf

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Seasonal Analysis of Average Monthly Exchange Rate of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) when Trend Cycle Component is Quadratic

K.C.N. Dozie, M.U. Uwaezuoke February 2021 Page No.: 201-205

Seasonal analysis of average monthly exchange rate of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) when trend cycle component is quadratic is discussed in this study. Empirical example was taken from average monthly exchange rate of Central Bank of Nigeria over the period January, 2006 to December, 2017. This work is to investigate the trend pattern and suitable model for decomposition. Results indicate that the yearly standard deviations are stable, while the seasonal deviations differ, suggesting that the seasonal indices may be additive model

Page(s): 201-205

Date of Publication: 08 April 2021

K.C.N. Dozie
Department of Statistics Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
M.U. Uwaezuoke
Department of Mathematics Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

References

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K.C.N. Dozie, M.U. Uwaezuoke “Seasonal Analysis of Average Monthly Exchange Rate of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) when Trend Cycle Component is Quadratic” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.201-205 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/201-205.pdf

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The Development of an Indigenous Potato Digger in Nigeria

Ajewole P. O., Oni, I. O., Adeyanju O. O, Yusuf, A. February 2021 Page No.: 206-211

Potato is the world’s fourth-largest food crop. The traditional method of harvesting with spades, digging hoes, digging forks has proven to be laborious, and time consuming with low output. Some mechanical equipment for the harvesting of potato are either not suitable to the soil condition or difficult to procure in Sub-Sahara Africa. This work focused on the development of an indigenous potato diggerto solve the aforementioned challenges. The design parameters determined are the diameter of the conveyor shaft, power requirement, conveyor capacity length of chain, diameter of driven sprocket, and output speed from gearbox. The semi-mounted potato digger was successfully designed and fabricated using the readily available materials. The implement has a 2.365kW power requirement while the calculated conveyor shaft diameter is 30.9 mm diameter. The digger was designed to work under common soil conditions in the tropics. At 10km/hr tractor speed, the digging and conveyor efficiencies obtained were 97.6% and 63.5% respectively while the theoretical and effective field capacities were 1.1ha/hr and 0.604ha/hr respectively.

Page(s): 206-211

Date of Publication: 09 April 2021

Ajewole P. O.
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5351, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Oni, I. O
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5351, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Adeyanju O. O
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5351, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Yusuf, A.
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5351, Ekiti State, Nigeria

References

[1] Arthur, W., Kenneth, W., Stephen, W., Lawrence, O., Diego, N. and Monica, P. B. (2017). Ware potato harvesting and storage techniques Guidelines for harvesting and storage management of ware potato. Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute International Potato Centre, Sub Saharan Africa. http://www.rtb.cgiar.org/endure.
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Ajewole P. O., Oni, I. O., Adeyanju O. O, Yusuf, A. “The Development of an Indigenous Potato Digger in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.206-211 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/206-211.pdf

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Prevalence and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli O26 in Raw Milk from Nomadic Fulani Cattle in Oyo State, Nigeria

Omolola M. Faroyin, Seto C. Ogunleye, Adebayo S. Akinade, and Victoria O. Adetunji February 2021 Page No.: 212-217

Escherichia coli O26 pose health risk to humans; it has been responsible for several outbreaks across the world, with associated cases of Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome and death. Many studies in Nigeria have focused on E. coli O157:H7 in milk production chain, with paucity of research on other Shiga toxin E. coli. This study was therefore designed to investigate the occurrence and antibiogram of E. coli O26 in raw milk from nomadic Fulani cattle in Oyo State, Nigeria. Using a purposive sampling method, a total of 150 pooled raw milk samples, 50 each, were collected from 3 nomadic Fulani settlements. Cefixime Tellurite Rhamnose MacConkey agar was used for isolation and E. coli O26 monovalent antiserum for confirmation; antibiotics susceptibility was determined and interpreted using the CLSI standard, 2015. Data were analysed using Chi Square test at p≤0.05. E. coli O26 was confirmed in 20 samples (13.3%). These E. coli O26 isolates were highly resistance, 100%, to β-lactams (Meropenem, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, and Ceftazidime) and also, 95% resistance to Tetracycline but were highly susceptible to Amikacin (95%), Gentamycin (90%), Ciprofloxacin (85%) and Chloramphenicol (85%), with a lower susceptibility to Cotrimoxazole (45%). The presence of E. coli O26 in sampled raw milk was established. Total resistance to β-lactams and high susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin may not be clinically relevant as these groups of antimicrobials have been reported to increase Stx-production. On the other hand, amikacin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol may be considered for E. coli O26 therapy but there is need for characterization of their clinical relevance for E. coli O26 outbreaks in-vivo.

Page(s): 212-217

Date of Publication: 11 April 2021

Omolola M. Faroyin
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Seto C. Ogunleye
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Adebayo S. Akinade
Friesland Campina, WAMCO, Nigeria
Victoria O. Adetunji
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

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Omolola M. Faroyin, Seto C. Ogunleye, Adebayo S. Akinade, and Victoria O. Adetunji “Prevalence and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli O26 in Raw Milk from Nomadic Fulani Cattle in Oyo State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.212-217 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/212-217.pdf

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Fungal Diversity In Water And Mangrove Oyster (Crassostrea Gasar ), Woji/Trans-Amadi Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Otene, B.B., Ejiko, E.O And Deekae, S.N. February 2021 Page No.: 218-223

The fungal diversity in water and mangrove oyster (Crassostrea gasar ),Woji/Trans-Amadi Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria was studied for six months between January and June,2017 covering both dry and wet seasons. Water and mangrove oysters (Crassostrea gasar) samples were collected from three stations and analyzed for bacteria using standard method. The data obtained were subjected to SPSS software version 20 for descriptive and inferential statistics using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test. It was observed that a total of the 8 species of fungi, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium species, Fusarium sp, Physanium cinerium, Candida sp, Aspergillus vasicular, and Pennisetum cemenberti with different frequencies were isolated from the isolates. The diversity indices ( Margalef, Menhinick, Shannon diversity, Shannon Wiener, Eveness/ Equitability and Simpson dominance) were identified/calculated. The values of Margalef, Menhinick and Shannon diversity indices were consistently higher in station 1 than the other stations in the order Station 1> Station 2> Station 3. Shannon Wiener values showed that the water and oyster tissues are heavily polluted. It was therefore recommended that anthropogenic activities going on in the area should be regulated.

Page(s): 218-223

Date of Publication: 17 April 2021

Otene, B.B.
River State University, Nigeria
Ejiko, E.O
River State University, Nigeria
Deekae, S.N
River State University, Nigeria

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Otene, B.B., Ejiko, E.O And Deekae, S.N., “Fungal Diversity In Water And Mangrove Oyster (Crassostrea Gasar ), Woji/Trans-Amadi Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 2 February 2021, pp.218-223 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue2/218-223.pdf

For Full Text Click here

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