Volume VI Issue IV - International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS)

Publication for Volume 6 Issue 4 is in process..

Estimation of Depth to Magnetic Basement in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria from Aeromagnetic Data Using Spectral Analysis Technique

Olufemi F Ojo, Isaac B Osazuwa April 2021 Page No.: 01-07

Magnetic method is one of the oldest geophys¬ical techniques used to delineate subsurface structure and determine the source of specific anomalies present in a particular area. An estimate of depths to magnetic basement of Ekiti State in Nigeria was carried out using spectral analysis of composite aeromagnetic map of the state. Regional anomaly was removed from the total magnetic intensity data by fitting a plane surface polynomial using Surfer software. The resulting residual was subjected to reduction to equator (RTE) filtering with the aid of Oasis montajsoftware to remove the asymmetry associated with the low latitude anomalies. Results of the 2-D spectral analysis revealed a two layer depth source model. The depths of shallower magnetic sources vary from 55.9 to 190.4 m, while the depths of deeper magnetic sources vary from 547.2 to 1244 m. The eastern part of the study area has low magnetic relief while the central part of the state has high magnetic relief; hence the overburden thickness towards the east is relatively high as evident from the configuration of the basement topography in the area.Depth estimation of the magnetic basement in Ekiti State indicates the maximum overburden thickness of about 1.2 km which is not sufficient for accumulation of hydrocarbon; therefore, the state can only be explored for solid mineral resources and not petroleum resources.

Page(s): 01-07

Date of Publication: 06 May 2021

Olufemi F Ojo
Department of Geology, Ekiti State University, Ado‑Ekiti, Nigeria
Isaac B Osazuwa
Department of Geophysics, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye‑Ekiti, Nigeria

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Olufemi F Ojo, Isaac B Osazuwa, “Estimation of Depth to Magnetic Basement in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria from Aeromagnetic Data Using Spectral Analysis Technique” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.01-07 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/01-07.pdf

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Influence of Marketing Practices On financial Performance of Entrepreneurship: A Conceptual Framework

Maryam A. Koko, Nasiru Liman Zuru April 2021 Page No.: 08-10

Despite the significance of marketing practice in business organisations the literature indicates very few studies have attempted to investigate the effect of marketing practice on the financial performance of entrepreneurship, this paper aim to investigate the impact of marketing practice onfinancial performance of entrepreneurship and proposed a research framework. Based on the review of literature and past studies, these paper reports marketing practice have influence on the financial performanceof entrepreneurial activities. The finding of this study implies that, entrepreneurs need to cultivate strategic marketing practices to boost their financial performance. This study suggests that, a future study should test the relationship between marketing practices and financial performance of entrepreneurship from empirical perspective.

Page(s): 08-10

Date of Publication: 06 May 2021

Maryam A. Koko
Faculty of Management Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Nasiru Liman Zuru
Faculty of Management Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria

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Maryam A. Koko, Nasiru Liman Zuru “Influence of Marketing Practices On financial Performance of Entrepreneurship: A Conceptual Framework” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.08-10 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/08-10.pdf

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An Empirical Study on the Types of Business Strategy Adopted by Microfinance Institutions in Nigeria

Nasiru Liman Zuru, Jamilu Hussaini April 2021 Page No.: 11-14

The importance of business strategy to organisational performance has been emphasized in the literature. However, there is little research that examined business strategies adopted by organisations in different industries. For instance, in the perspective of microfinance institutions (MFIs), literature indicates few studies have attempted to investigate the types of business strategy implemented by these important financial institutions, particularly in Nigerian context. Given this research gap, this study examines the business strategies adopted by MFIs in Nigeria. The data for the study were collected from 121 MFIs by using structural questionnaires. Results of the study indicate that the MFIs in Nigeria adopted the following strategies; low cost strategy, growth strategy and focus strategy. In addition, the result of the analyses indicates that none of the MFIs adopts differentiation and harvest strategy. The finding of this study has implication to owners/managers of MFIs to not only identify but also formulate and implement effective business strategy. MFIs that adopt effective business strategy will not only be able to improve their social and financial performance but also sustain their success and survival.

Page(s): 11-14

Date of Publication: 06 May 2021

Nasiru Liman Zuru
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Jamilu Hussaini
Division of General Studies, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aleiro Kebbi State, Nigeria.

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Nasiru Liman Zuru, Jamilu Hussaini “An Empirical Study on the Types of Business Strategy Adopted by Microfinance Institutions in Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.11-14 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/11-14.pdf

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Isolation, Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Microbial Contaminants on Paper Notes; a Study of Naira Notes

Chinyere Nkemjika Anyanwu, Ifeoma Bessie Enweani April 2021 Page No.: 15-21

Six hundred and twenty four pieces of different denominations of naira notes obtained from thirteen different banks in Enugu metropolis were examined for bacterial and fungal contamination using the swab-rinse technique. The isolates were first characterized using their morphological and biochemical properties. Identification of the Genomic DNA sequences successfully extracted were carried out using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistical package. The bacteria amplicons yielded DNA bands of approximately 850 base pair while the fungi amplicons were approximately 650 base pair in length. Bacterial contaminants formed 65% of the total isolates while the fungal contaminants accounted for 35% of the isolates. Proteus mirabilis was the most isolated contaminant in the bacterial genera 64(9.6%) while Streptococcus pyogenes had the least frequency of isolation 10(1.5%). Other bacteria isolated included Escherichia coli 45(6.7%), Klebsiella pneumonia 14(2.1%), Bacillus subtilis 39(5.8%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa 45(6.7%). Alcaligenes feacalis 49(7.3%), Providentiastuartii 40(5.9%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 14(2.1%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis 59(8.8%). In the fungal genera, Aspergillus niger had the highest frequency of 11.7% while Sporothrixschenkii had the lowest frequency of occurrence of 1.3%. Other fungi isolated were Penicillinchrysogenum 13(1.9%), Candida albicans 50(7.5%), Fusarium solanii 14(2.1%), Aspergillus flavus 24(3.6%), Aspergillus fumigatus 25(3.7%) and Geotrichumcandidum 21(3.1%).The 100 naira notes showed the highest mean viable count of 54+ 0.1 x 104 CFU/M) and the 20 naira notes had the least 18+0.3 X 104 CFU/ML. Statistical significant difference was established between the means of the colony counts of isolates on the various naira notes at p<0.05.P. mirabilis showed high resistance to Cefatzidine 22(85%) and Cefriazone 20 (77%). E. coli was 24(92%) resistant to Cefriazone and 69% resistant to Ceftazidine. A.fumigatus was 56% resistant to Miconazole while A. flavus was 55% resistant to Miconazole. This study has shown that naira notes could be a reservoir of microorganisms of medical importance which in turn become vectors for the transmission of diseases in the society. Considering these findings, adequate measures should be put in place to reduce contamination of naira notes and ensure safety of handlers.

Page(s): 15-21

Date of Publication: 09 May 2021

Chinyere Nkemjika Anyanwu
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Ifeoma Bessie Enweani
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State Nigeria

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Chinyere Nkemjika Anyanwu, Ifeoma Bessie Enweani “Isolation, Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Microbial Contaminants on Paper Notes; a Study of Naira Notes” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.15-21 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/15-21.pdf

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Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by nanocomposites synthesised from Zn (II) complex and Polyvinyl alcohol

Aliyu D. MOHAMMED and Maryam Dodo Abubakar April 2021 Page No.: 22-25

ZnS nanoparticles were obtained by the pyrolysis of Zinc (II) complex at 280 ˚C to generate ZnS nanoparticles. The as-prepared ZnSnano particles were further incorporated into the polymer matrices of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to generate ZnS/PVA nanocomposites via electrospinning technique. The electrospun fibre (ZnS/PVA) was employed as a catalyst in photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. The nanofiber was observed to have an impressive ability on photo degradation of methylene blue; as the methylene blue solution became completely colourless when ZnS/PVA was used as catalyst. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to characterise the ZnS nanoparticles and ZnS/PVA nanocomposites.

Page(s): 22-25

Date of Publication: 09 May 2021

Aliyu D. MOHAMMED
Department of Chemistry, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, PMB 2218, Katsina, Katsina state, Nigeria
Maryam Dodo Abubakar
Department of Chemistry, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, PMB 2218, Katsina, Katsina state, Nigeria

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Aliyu D. MOHAMMED and Maryam Dodo Abubakar “Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by nanocomposites synthesised from Zn (II) complex and Polyvinyl alcohol” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.22-25 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/22-25.pdf

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Influence of Different Depth of Tillage on Carbon Sequestration in the Soil of Rainforest Zone, Ekiti State

Awe, B.S, Adeosun E.O., Fatomilola A.O. April 2021 Page No.: 26-31

One of the strategies accepted globally for mitigating a high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) that causes global warming is carbon storage in the soil. Effect of Carbon storage in the soil and tillage practices are important in plant growth. Because of this, the research was based on determining the effects of different depths of tillage practice on carbon sequestration in the soil;the site was selected and cleared before the tillage practice operation was done at depth of 0cm (control) 10cm, 20cm, 30 cm. Two soil profiles of 1 m x 1m x1m were dug in each of the tillage depths, soil samples were collected from each horizon for laboratory analysis. Some physical and chemical properties of soil in each horizon were carried out and the organic carbon stocks (SOC) were determined. The Pearson correlation matrix showed a significant correlation between organic carbon (OC) and SOC at 0 cm (control) while there is no significant correlation between OC and SOC at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm depth. This indicatesthat the Zero tillage level has the highest carbon storage in the soil, the more the depth of soil tillage the more the loss of soil organic carbon to the atmosphere. Zero tillage practice is therefore recommended to enhance the SOC sequestration, high yield of agricultural produces and to avoid the escape of carbon to the atmosphere which results in climate change problems.
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6401

Page(s): 26-31

Date of Publication: 09 May 2021

Awe, B.S.
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti
Adeosun E.O.
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti
Fatomilola A.O.
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti

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Awe, B.S, Adeosun E.O., Fatomilola A.O. “Influence of Different Depth of Tillage on Carbon Sequestration in the Soil of Rainforest Zone, Ekiti State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.26-31 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6401

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Brand or Availability: How Store Image Affects the Customer Perception towards Private Label Products

Dr. T.V. Ambuli, R. Surendher April 2021 Page No.: 32-36

This paper explains how store image affects the customer perception towards the purchase of groceries from private label brands than top brands. This paper investigates the various dimension of store image, which affect the perception of shoppers towards private label brands. This study identifies the factors that are deemed to be the most important by customers that influence their perception of store image. The research design chosen for the study is descriptive research and Convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from the customers. The data was collected through structured questionnaires from 130 respondents to identify the effects of the factors of store image on customer perception. . This study used Correlation and Anova for analysis, Results from the tool indicated that the there is a positive relationship between the store image and private label product image among the customers. Further the study identified that Independent variables Labeling, Quality and price of the product has a significant effect on customer willingness to purchase groceries from private label brands rather than tops brands.

Page(s): 32-36

Date of Publication: 11 May 2021

Dr. T.V. Ambuli
Department of Management Studies, Jerusalem college of Engineering, Chennai, India
R. Surendher
Department of Management Studies, Jerusalem college of Engineering, Chennai, India

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Dr. T.V. Ambuli, R. Surendher “Brand or Availability: How Store Image Affects the Customer Perception towards Private Label Products” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.32-36 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/32-36.pdf

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Abortion; Its Health & Psychological Consequences on Adolescent

Amadi, Elizabeth Nwobiarire April 2021 Page No.: 37-40

Abortion remains an act or practice of terminating pregnancy. Abortion is recognized internationally as violation of child’s right to life especially when procedure is illegal (unsafe) and can result to health-related complications such as secondary infertility, infection (sepsis), even material deaths, other side effect includes severe pain, hemorrhage anemia, tetanus, abscesses, urinary incontinence, psychological problems. From early 1842 during Victoria Era in New York sun, abortion has been recognized as a health issues among African & International Government and women’s organizations. Global and national anti-abortion group has made effort to legalize the practices and to reduce its consequences on health, as well as eliminating the psychological impact on individual and families.

Page(s): 37-40

Date of Publication: 15 May 2021

Amadi, Elizabeth Nwobiarire
School of Post Basic Pediatric Programme, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

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Amadi, Elizabeth Nwobiarire “Abortion; Its Health & Psychological Consequences on Adolescent” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.37-40 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/37-40.pdf

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Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in East Africa

Wycliffe Mugun April 2021 Page No.: 41-48

The low economic growth rate coupled with high population growth makes poverty alleviation in Africa increasingly difficult. The average annual flows of FDI into Africa doubled in the 1980’s compared with the 1970s. However, owing to the fact that there are limited studies on foreign direct investment, various studies indicate divergent views on the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth. For this reason, it is not clear whether or not foreign direct investment affect economic growth in East Africa. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth in East Africa. The study was modelled using the Endogenous Growth Theory. Hausman Specification test was conducted to assess whether to use the fixed effect or random effect panel estimation. The results indicated that foreign direct investment had negative and statistically insignificant relationship with economic growth, gross capital formation had positive and statistically significant relationship with economic growth and Infrastructure development; negative and statistically significant relationship with economic growth. The coefficient for foreign direct investment, gross capital formation and infrastructure development were -8.66, 0.2198 and -1.5294 respectively. The study concluded that infrastructure development in East Africa plays a greater role though faced by several limitations hindering its growth and expansion. The study thus recommends that East African countries should accelerate economic growth through enhanced regional integration in order to attract the market-seeking FDI and the need to improve transport communication and other infrastructural facilities so as to facilitate trade among East African countries and globally.

Page(s): 41-48

Date of Publication: 20 May 2021

Wycliffe Mugun
Department of Economics, Kaimosi Friends University College, Kenya

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Wycliffe Mugun, “Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in East Africa” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.41-48 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/41-48.pdf

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On The Exponential Diophantine Equation (2(2m+1)-1)+(6r+1)n=z2

Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar April 2021 Page No.: 49-51

Nowadays, scholars are very interested to determine the solution of different Diophantine equations because these equations have many applications in the field of coordinate geometry, cryptography, trigonometry and applied algebra. These equations help us for finding the integer solution of famous Pythagoras theorem and Pell’s equation. Finding the solution of Diophantine equations have many challenges for scholars due to absence of generalize methods. In the present paper, authors discussed the existence of the solution of exponential Diophantine equation (2^(2m+1)-1)+(6r+1)ⁿ=z², where m,n,r,z are whole numbers.

Page(s): 49-51

Date of Publication: 20 May 2021

Sudhanshu Aggarwal
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, National Post Graduate College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur-273402, U.P., India
Sanjay Kumar
Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, M. S. College, Saharanpur-247001, U.P., India

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Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar “On The Exponential Diophantine Equation (2^(2m+1)-1)+(6r+1)ⁿ=z²” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.49-51 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/49-51.pdf

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Properties of Long Memory in Return innovations from Emerging Agricultural Markets

Deebom Zorle Dum, Ette Harrison Etuk and Nwikorga Legborsi Wisdom April 2021 Page No.: 52-63

The study investigates properties of Long Memory in return innovations from emerging agricultural markets. The aim of the study is to determine the presence of long memory properties in emerging agricultural markets return innovations using; Hurst-Classical Mandelbrot’s R/S statistics, Lo’s statistics, and semi-parametric GPH statistics. The data used in the analysis include three Agricultural market indices: wheat, sorghum and rice. The data were extracted from: https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/ spanning from September, 1990 to 30th August, 2020, making a total of 1080 data points used in the study. From the results of the findings, it was confirmed that the study was in line with the Taylor effect as the values of the estimated difference (d) parameters ofthe absolute returns are greater than those of the squared returns except in the case of M=T0.08 (0.195(0.004)) which is greater than that of the square returns on price with estimated difference (d) of M=T0.08 (0.189(0.006)). From all indications there was no presence of long-term memory in the continuous market returns, indicating that the emerging agricultural market returns follow a random walking process. Furthermore, in the continuous return series of the indices, the absence of long memory did not show any evidence against the weak form of market efficiency in the returns on price in the emerging agricultural market. The lack of long memory in this case simply implies that agricultural produce from these markets were not systematically over-valued or under-valued, justifying the inactive investment in the agricultural sector (index). In this case, investors can expect a normal rate of return (risk-adjusted) while agriculturists should expect to receive a fair value for the products they sell.

DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6402

Page(s): 52-63

Date of Publication: 20 May 2021

Deebom Zorle Dum
Rivers state University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Ette Harrison Etuk
Rivers state University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Nwikorga Legborsi Wisdom
Rivers state University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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Deebom Zorle Dum, Ette Harrison Etuk and Nwikorga Legborsi Wisdom, “Properties of Long Memory in Return innovations from Emerging Agricultural Markets” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.52-63 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6402

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Effect of Corruption on Economic Growth in Eastern Africa: Disaggregated Approach

Wycliffe Mugun April 2021 Page No.: 64-75

High corruption phenomenon is a common problem faced by several developing countries. Weak bureaucracy, weak law and justice enforcement are assumed to be the causes of the corruption. However, the available studies majority are of single countries that has focused mainly on the relationship between overall corruption and economic growth and failing to provide the specific relationship between corruption and economic growth in Eastern African countries.The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of corruption on economic growth in Eastern Africa. This study was modeled using Public choice theory and corruption. Hausman Specification tests was conducted to assess whether to use the fixed effects or random effect panel estimation. TheRandom effect model results showed that corruption had a negative and statistically significant relationship with economic growth, fixed effect model resultson public resource equity had a negative and a statistically insignificant relationship with economic growth whereas the random effect model results on public sector management had a negative and statistically significant relationship with economic growth. The study concluded that Corruption decreases the growth rate of per capita income directly by decreasing the productivity of existing resources and indirectly through reduced investments and also discourages investment savings and culture of hard work among the Eastern African countries. The study recommended that there should be formulation of policies in Eastern Africa that aims to help and improve the quality of the public sector management and minimize corruption activities in the public sectors.

Page(s): 64-75

Date of Publication: 22 May 2021

Wycliffe Mugun
Department of Economics, Kaimosi Friends University College, Kenya

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Wycliffe Mugun, “Effect of Corruption on Economic Growth in Eastern Africa: Disaggregated Approach” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.64-75 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/64-75.pdf

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Presence of Salmonellaspp from Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) Sold in Ibadan, Nigeria

Olayinka Olabisi Ishola, Seto Charles Ogunleye, Olayemi Akinsola Okunlade, Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji April 2021 Page No.: 76-81

Salmonella spp. are classified as part of the non-indigenous bacteria of fish. They play an important role in fish spoilage, and causing foodborne diseases in humans manifested as enteric fever, bacteremia, gastroenteritis and/or death. Majority of 1.3 billion annual cases of salmonella cause human gastroenteritis resulting from ingestion of contaminated food products. Salmonella isolation from food materials and its resistance to antibiotics are of great global public health concerns. This study therefore investigated the prevalence and antibiogram of Salmonella spp.from O. niloticus sold in Ibadan. A total number of 156 samples consisting of gills (n=52), intestines (n=52) and skins (n=52) were collected from 52 O. niloticus from Egbeda, Ido, Ibadan North-East and Ibadan North-West Local Government Areas (LGA) for bacteriological analysis. Salmonella isolation and identification were performed using ISO 6579, 2017 standard methods and antibiogram was performed with agar disk diffusion method. Data were analysed using ANOVA and students t-test at p<=0.05. Overall prevalence of Salmonella of 12.5% was obtained (Gill= 8.3%; Intestine= 4.2% and Skin= 0.0%). Isolates exhibited multidrug resistance patterns comprising: 100.0% (Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime and Meropenem), 91.7% (Cefotaxime), 83.3% (Tetracycline), 50.0% (Cotrimoxazole), 33.3% (Ceftriaxone and Gentamycin), 25.0% (Chloramphenicol), 16.7% (Amikacin) and 8.3% (Ciprofloxacin). The prevalence of Salmonella sppin O. niloticus sold to Ibadan populace indicates high levels of contamination and portends public health risks. High resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics signifies abuse and indiscriminate disposal of antibiotics and possible transmission of resistant genes to fish consumers.
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6403

Page(s): 76-81

Date of Publication: 25 May 2021

Olayinka Olabisi Ishola
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Seto Charles Ogunleye
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Olayemi Akinsola Okunlade
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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Olayinka Olabisi Ishola, Seto Charles Ogunleye, Olayemi Akinsola Okunlade, Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji “Presence of Salmonellaspp from Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) Sold in Ibadan, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.76-81 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6403

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Solvents Fractionation, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Beeswax from Apismelifera

Adewale Fatai Adeyemi, Ayotunde Olalekan Afolabi, Zainab Ariyike Usman and Isaac Ayodeji Adesina April 2021 Page No.: 82-89

The variations in the compositions and properties of the unfractionated beeswax and its fractions were investigated with a view to widening the scope of applications of beeswax. Beeswax from Apismeelifera was fractionated using solvents and Methanol, n-hexane, dimethylsulphoxide and diethyl ether were employed. The chemical parameters, antibacterial and antifungi activities as well as FTIR analyses of the beeswax and its fractions were carried out. The chemical parameters of the unfractionated beeswax were within the international standards ranges but most for the fractions were outside the ranges. The n-hexane and diethyl ether fractions were found to be richer in esters and hydrocarbon; while the methanol and dimethylsulphoxide fractions were richer in unsaturated free fatty acids and fatty alcohols. The methanol and dimethylsulphoxide fractions showed stronger antimicrobial activities than unfractionated wax, with the dimethylsulphoxide fraction giving the best inhibitory effects. The results showed that fractionating beeswax into its simpler constituents would add values to this underutilised material.
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6404

Page(s): 82-89

Date of Publication: 29 May 2021

Adewale Fatai Adeyemi
Department of Chemistry, University Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria
Ayotunde Olalekan Afolabi
Department of Physical and Earth Sciences (Industrial Chemistry Unit), Wesley University Ondo, Nigeria
Zainab Ariyike Usman
Department of Physical and Earth Sciences (Industrial Chemistry Unit), Wesley University Ondo, Nigeria
Isaac Ayodeji Adesina
Department of Biological Sciences(Microbiology Unit), University of Medical Sciences Ondo, Nigeria

References

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Adewale Fatai Adeyemi, Ayotunde Olalekan Afolabi, Zainab Ariyike Usman and Isaac Ayodeji Adesina, “Solvents Fractionation, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Beeswax from Apismelifera” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.82-89 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6404

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Stature Reconstruction from Measurements of Craniofacial Parameters: A Study of the Oro People of Akwa Ibom State

Iboro E. Edet, Akpan U. Ekanem, Sunday O. Elijah, Kingsley A. Okon, and Mfonobong E. Sampson April 2021 Page No.: 90-94

Stature prediction from craniofacial remains is vital in establishing the identity of an unknown individual in cases of natural calamities and archaeological exploration where complete skeleton is not available. This study aims to estimate stature among the Oro ethnic group in Akwa Ibom State using craniofacial parameters, hence determine the craniofacial parameter that best predict stature for the Oro people and therefore document a model formulae for stature prediction using Poisson regression analysis. The study assessed 500 subjects (245 males and 255 females) between the ages 18 – 77, with no craniofacial nor stature abnormality. Subject’s height were measured and regressed against their head circumference, facial breadth and facial height using a calibrated height rod, measuring tape and digital sliding caliper. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using MINITAB-18 data package. The results obtained showed that the mean height and standard deviation for both males and females were 163.912.9 and 163.012.6 respectively, thus, Oro males are taller than females. A strong positive correlation was observed between height and head circumference, facial breadth and facial height in both males and females, with facial breadth having the strongest positive correlation with height for both genders. The model formulae (regression equation) for stature prediction of Oro males is Y’ = 4.6755 + 0.03609(facial breadth); for Oro females: Y’ = 4.7193 + 0.03225(facial breadth) and for both: Y’ = 4.6991 + 0.03404(facial breadth). It was concluded that facial breadth can be used to accurately estimate stature for the people of Oro tribe.
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6405

Page(s): 90-94

Date of Publication: 29 May 2021

Iboro E. Edet
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State – Nigeria
Akpan U. Ekanem
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State – Nigeria
Sunday O. Elijah
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State – Nigeria
Kingsley A. Okon
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State – Nigeria
Mfonobong E. Sampson
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State – Nigeria

References

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Iboro E. Edet, Akpan U. Ekanem, Sunday O. Elijah, Kingsley A. Okon, and Mfonobong E. Sampson, “Stature Reconstruction from Measurements of Craniofacial Parameters: A Study of the Oro People of Akwa Ibom State” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.90-94 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6405

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The Effect of Ethnomathematics on Junior Secondary School Students’ Achievement and Retention in Geometry in Benue State, Nigeria: A Corona Virus Pandemic Case Study

Age Terungwa James, Akaazua, Jacob Tertsea PhD. April 2021 Page No.: 95-100

Training programmes in Nigeria at secondary school level concentrated more on foreign knowledge without considering the various cultures and traditions of the different tribes that make up these secondary schools. This paper therefore examined the effect of ethnomathematics on Junior Secondary School students’ achievement and retention in geometry in Benue State, Nigeria: a corona virus pandemic case study. Quasi-experimental of non-equivalent control group design was adopted in this study. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The 25-item Geometry Achievement Test (GAT) was used for data collection. The instrument was administered to 30 students for trial testing and subjected to test re-test reliability estimate to obtain the reliability coefficient of 0.71. Simple random sampling was adopted to select two schools out of the 35 Junior Secondary School two (JSS2) students’ population of 7242. Intact classes from the two schools were purposively selected to obtain a sample of 137 JSS2 students and were randomly assigned to experimental (N=72) and control (N=65) groups. The experimental group was handled by the informal school research assistants while the usual class teachers handled the control group via radio in line with corona virus (Covid 19) safety guide lines. Students were pre-tested to ascertain initial entry point, after six weeks post-test was administered to the two groups for achievement and two weeks later the retention test was carried out. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while the Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings from the statistical analysis showed, significant difference on achievement (F1,136 =711.461) and retention (F1,136 =2.923) of students’ in favour of those taught geometry with ethnomathematics compare with those taught with the lecture method.

Page(s): 95-100

Date of Publication: 29 May 2021

Age Terungwa James
Department of Mathematics Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State- Nigeria
Akaazua, Jacob Tertsea PhD
Department of Mathematics Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State- Nigeria

References

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Age Terungwa James, Akaazua, Jacob Tertsea PhD., “The Effect of Ethnomathematics on Junior Secondary School Students’ Achievement and Retention in Geometry in Benue State, Nigeria: A Corona Virus Pandemic Case Study” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.95-100 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/95-100.pdf

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Integrated Striga Control Using the Participatory Research and Extensive Approach in Hong Local Government Area of North-Eastern Nigeria

Garba, Yusuf Mwada, Wamdudi, Daniel Kevin, Ahmed Usman, Lebiso, I. Joel, Geoffrey Katsala Jiguda April 2021 Page No.: 101-105

The study examines the Integrated Striga Control Using the participatory Research and Extensities Approach in Hong Local Government Area of North-Eastern Nigeria. It adopted experimental design of Randomized Complete Block Design made up of ten treatments. A one-way ANOVA was used to examine the statistical mean differences among the treatments in relation to reduction of the number of striga plants in maize and sorghum trial plots. The results shows maize and sorghum cultivated with urea were statistically significant with (F(23,48)= 4.626) and (F(23,48)= 2.420) respectively, which implies that urea as nitrogenous fertilizer induces reduction in the incidence of striga emergence in the farm. It further shows maize inter-cropped with soya beans and sorghum inter-cropped with soya bean were statistically significant with (F(23,48)= 2.246) and (F(23,48)= 2.912) respectively, which signifies that soya bean inter-cropped with maize and sorghum suppresses the emergence of striga in the farm. Similarly, the result shows significant reduction of yield and qualities of grains in maize and sorghum in the treatment of maize sown sole, sorghum planted sole, sorghum cowpea, maize cowpea while maize and sorghum grew with urea account for higher yield followed by those grown with manure and those inter-cropped with soybeans being the least and their grain qualities recorded highs. This may be due to the nutrient contents (Nitrogen) of the treatment and fixation of nitrogen by the soybean which made surplus nutrients to the crop plants and parasitism plants (striga) and thereby reduces its infestation. The results further revealed that maize and sorghum plants grown with manure and urea were vigourous. Lastly, it also shows strong negative correlation between the yield and number of striga (-0.48).The use of organic manure improves soil structure making nutrients as well as water available to crop plants thereby enhances roots and stem development. Farmers should adopt the use of nitrogenous fertilizer at recommended rate and cultivate maize or sorghum inter-cropped with soybeans as well as the use of organic manure to improve soil structure and enrich the soil.

Page(s): 101-105

Date of Publication: 29 May 2021

Garba, Yusuf Mwada
Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational and Technical Education, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong, Nigeria
Wamdudi, Daniel Kevin
Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational and Technical Education, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong, Nigeria
Ahmed Usman
Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational and Technical Education, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong, Nigeria
Lebiso, I. Joel
Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational and Technical Education, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong, Nigeria
Geoffrey Katsala Jiguda
Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational and Technical Education, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong, Nigeria

References

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Garba, Yusuf Mwada, Wamdudi, Daniel Kevin, Ahmed Usman, Lebiso, I. Joel, Geoffrey Katsala Jiguda, “Integrated Striga Control Using the Participatory Research and Extensive Approach in Hong Local Government Area of North-Eastern Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.101-105 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/101-105.pdf

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Natural Radioactivity Levels in Some Building Materials and their Radiological Implications in Pankshin, Plateau State, North Central, Nigeria

Akila Simdet, Abdullahi Musa, Gokir Justin Ali April 2021 Page No.: 106-111

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Akila Simdet
Physics Department, FCE Pankshin P.M.B.1027 Plateau State, Nigeria
Abdullahi Musa
Physics Department, FCE Pankshin P.M.B.1027 Plateau State, Nigeria
Gokir Justin Ali
Computer Department, FCE Pankshin P.M.B.1027 Plateau State, Nigeria

References

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Akila Simdet, Abdullahi Musa, Gokir Justin Ali, “Natural Radioactivity Levels in Some Building Materials and their Radiological Implications in Pankshin, Plateau State, North Central, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.106-111 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/106-111.pdf

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Education in Emergency: Exploring the Issues and Options for Continuing Education during Flash Flood in the Haor Regions of Bangladesh

Zawad Ibn Farid, Sawban Ibn Farid, Muhammad Awfa Islam, Tasnim Jerin April 2021 Page No.: 112-120

Bangladesh, being overly surrounded by rivers, is a highly flood-prone country. Geographical location and features make this country prone to Flash Floods in definite areas commonly known as Haor regions. During the monsoon, the community’s children find it immensely difficult to go to schools since the water level rises and connecting roads get inundated. During a Flash Flood, they are denied by the disaster to continue their education at schools, resulting in dropouts, loss of academic years, and even social problems like early marriage. Vulnerable conditions rooted in fragile socio-economic condition, seasonal unemployment, economic hardship, along with attitudinal vulnerability, results in disastrous impacts when faced with Flash Floods. Children of the community are the worst sufferers as they are forced to leave schools which then traps them into a never-ending vicious loop of vulnerability and poverty. This paper adopts a method of reviewing relevant secondary documents and the authors’ direct observation from their field visits to address the issues and way forward pertinent to continuing education in the Haor regions during disasters. The paper’s findings suggest that poverty, marginalization, historical inequality etc., are the root causes of the progression of vulnerability in the areas of study. The paper further describes the impacts of disaster on student and institutional facility,ranging from an individual loss like dropouts to broken water and sanitation facility at schools. This article also points out critical specific options to be undertaken at the local and national for addressing this issue, i.e., creating a standardized manual to be used nationally.

DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6406

Page(s): 112-120

Date of Publication: 02 June 2021

Zawad Ibn Farid
Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Sawban Ibn Farid
Department of International Relations, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Muhammad Awfa Islam
Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Tasnim Jerin
Department of Coastal Studies & Disaster Management, University of Barishal, Barishal-8254, Bangladesh

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Zawad Ibn Farid, Sawban Ibn Farid, Muhammad Awfa Islam, Tasnim Jerin, “Education in Emergency: Exploring the Issues and Options for Continuing Education during Flash Flood in the Haor Regions of Bangladesh” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.112-120 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6406

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Antimicrobial Activity of Clerodendrum Volubile (Marugbo) Leaves against Selected Microbial Pathogens

Adeyemo I. A, Omobolade O. April 2021 Page No.: 121-125

Oral and written reports from time immemorial revealed that humans have used various plants and plant parts as efficient medicine to treat various ailments. Qualitative phyto-chemical screening was carried out on extracts of Clerodendrum volubile leaves using ethanol, hot water and cold water as solvents for extraction. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was tested against selected human pathogens and was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Ethanol extracts exhibit higher solubility for more active antimicrobial and phytochemical constituents, consequently displaying the highest antimicrobial activity followed by hot water and least in cold water. The result of this research also established the distribution of various phytochemical constituents in the extracts of Clerodendrum volubile leaves and demonstrates the clinical efficacy of Clerodendrum volubile leaves against the tested pathogens.
DOI : 10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6407

Page(s): 121-125

Date of Publication: 03 June 2021

Adeyemo I. A
Department of Biological Sciences, Olusegun Agagu State University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria
Omobolade O.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

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Adeyemo I. A, Omobolade O., “Antimicrobial Activity of Clerodendrum Volubile (Marugbo) Leaves against Selected Microbial Pathogens” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.121-125 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2021.6407

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Genetic Evaluation of Heat Stress Effects on Milk Yield and Milk Composition Traits of Holstein-Friesian Cows in Kano State, Nigeria

Garba, M.S., Adedibu, I.I., Kabir, M. and Agboola, L.O April 2021 Page No.: 126-128

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature-humidity index on milk traits of pure Holstein-Friesian cows in Kano State. Twenty mid-lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (three years of age with a mean weight of 600kg) were used for this experiment. The cows were raised intensively in a covered free stall barn (3m2 per cow) with straw bedding. Metrological data, both inside and outside, of the barn including temperature (maximum and minimum) from both digital and analogue (dry and wet bulb) thermometers and relative humidity were collected. Three composite samples of milk from the cows were taken per month (on the 15th day of each month) and were analysed for protein, fat and somatic cells. Meteorological data were analysed to identify the most appropriate temperature-humidity index (THI) to measure heat stress in this study. Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and correlation procedures in the Statistical package SAS (2013). Comparison of the Means was done using Duncan Multiple range tests of the same statistical package. The minimum temperature for the period of the experiment had the lowest value (23.08±0.620C) in the month of December in Early dry season while the highest value (33.64±0.830C) was recorded in the April of the Late dry season. The differences in the THI for the two periods resulted in significant different (P < 0.05) in milk yield and milk composition traits. It was concluded that, heat stress affect milk production, milk composition of Holstein-Friesians cows reared in Kano State environment.

Page(s): 126-128

Date of Publication: 05 June 2021

Garba, M.S
Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Adedibu, I.I.
Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Kabir, M.
Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Agboola, L.O
Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

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Garba, M.S., Adedibu, I.I., Kabir, M. and Agboola, L.O “Genetic Evaluation of Heat Stress Effects on Milk Yield and Milk Composition Traits of Holstein-Friesian Cows in Kano State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.126-128 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/126-128.pdf

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Synthesis, Characterization and antimicrobial Studies of isonicotinoyl 2-chlorobenzaldehyde Hydrazone and the Ni II and Co II complexes

Idoko, O., Mamman, S., Ukoha, P.O., and Abdullahi, I April 2021 Page No.: 129-133

isonicotinoyl 2-chlorobenzaldehyde hydrazone and the Ni II and Co II complexes were synthesized and characterized via melting point, solubility test, conductivity measurement, magnetic susceptibility, UV visible spectrophotometry, Infrared spectrophotometry and metal analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The antimicrobial screening was also carried out on the ligand and complexes using some bacteria and fungal strains. The melting point of the complexes are higher than the ligand. The ligand and complexes are insoluble in water, but soluble in dimethyl sulphoxide. The conductivity test showed that the ligand and complexes are non-conductors. The magnetic susceptibility measurement pointed out that the Ni II complex is diamagnetic, while the Ni II complex is paramagnetic. There was coordination via the azomethine nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen. The Ni II complex has a square planar geometry while the Co II complex has an octahedralgeometry. The ligand and complexes has appreciable activities against some of the selected organisms.

Page(s): 129-133

Date of Publication: 08 June 2021

Idoko, O.,
Chemistry Advanced Research Center, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, PMB 186, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria.
Mamman, S.
Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
Ukoha, P.O.
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Abdullahi, I
Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, FCT, Nigeria

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Idoko, O., Mamman, S., Ukoha, P.O., and Abdullahi, I “Synthesis, Characterization and antimicrobial Studies of isonicotinoyl 2-chlorobenzaldehyde Hydrazone and the Ni II and Co II complexes” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.6 issue 4 April 2021, pp.129-133 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6&Issue4/129-133.pdf

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