Navigating Life with Peritoneal Dialysis: A Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors
Nor-Alaminah Yasherah B. Ala, RN
Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, University of the Visayas (Philippines)
Resty L. Picardo, DM, MAN, JD, RN
Gullas College of Medicine, Inc (Philippines)
Joan P. Bacarisas, DM, MAN, RN
Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, University of the Visayas (Philippines)
Article Information
DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS.2026.11070029
Subject Category: Education
Volume/Issue: 11/7 | Page No: 567-588
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-07-11
Accepted: 2026-07-16
Published: 2026-07-29
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis is a home-based renal replacement therapy commonly utilized by patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease as an alternative to hemodialysis. While peritoneal dialysis provides greater flexibility and independence in managing treatment, patients continue to encounter various physical, emotional, psychological, social, and financial challenges throughout their treatment journey. Despite the increasing utilization of peritoneal dialysis, there remains a need to explore the lived experiences of patients undergoing this therapy to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences, adaptations, coping mechanisms, and life transformations. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis in Cotabato City during the second quarter of 2026. Eight (8) informants participated in the study through in-depth face-to-face interviews. Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed five major themes: (a) Beginning the Journey: Facing Uncertainty in Peritoneal Dialysis, (b) Navigating the Challenges of Peritoneal Dialysis, (c) Finding Strength Along the Journey, (d) Rediscovering Life Through Peritoneal Dialysis, and (e) Living Beyond Dialysis: Finding Meaning Through the Journey. The findings highlight the dynamic process through which informants navigated uncertainty, adapted to the demands of treatment, drew strength from personal and social resources, rediscovered meaning in everyday life, and ultimately found purpose beyond dialysis. The study provides implications for nursing practice, nursing management, patient education, and future qualitative research to enhance holistic and patient-centered care for individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
Keywords
Colaizzi Phenomenology; Lived Experiences; Navigating Life; Peritoneal Dialysis; Chronic Kidney Disease; Patient-centered Care
Downloads
References
1. Adhi, M. H. P., Trisyani, Y., & Emaliyawati, E. (2021). Lived experiences of end stage renal disease patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran, 9(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v9i1.1446 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. American Nurses Association. (2024). What is nursing? https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/workforce/what-is-nursing/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Antoun, J., Brown, D. J., Jones, D. J. W., Clarkson, B. G., Shepherd, A. I., Sangala, N. C., Lewis, R. J., McNarry, M. A., Mackintosh, K. A., Mason, L., Corbett, J., & Saynor, Z. L. (2023). Exploring patients’ experiences of the impact of dialysis therapies on quality of life and wellbeing. Journal of Renal Care, 49(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/jorc.12416 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Bailie, G. R., Bieber, B., Bragg-Gresham, J., Bunke, M., Cruz, J. M., Fukagawa, M., Levin, A., Pisoni, R. L., Robinson, B. M., Schaubel, D. E., Teitelbaum, I., Wang, A. Y.-M., Young, E. W., & Johnson, D. W. (2016). The Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS): Unifying efforts to inform practice and improve global outcomes in peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis International, 36(3), 253–261. doi.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Blake, P. G., & Jain, A. K. (2022). Practical aspects of peritoneal dialysis. In A. R. Nissenson & R. N. Fine (Eds.), Handbook of dialysis therapy (6th ed., pp. 315–338). Elsevier. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Boudville, N., Kemp, A., Clayton, P., Lim, W., Badve, S. V., Hawley, C. M., McDonald, S. P., Wiggins, K. J., Bannister, K. M., Brown, F. G., & Johnson, D. W. (2012). Recent peritonitis associates with mortality among patients treated with peritoneal dialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN, 23(8), 1398–1405. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2011121135 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Brown, E. A., & Johansson, L. (2022). Lifestyle adaptation and quality of life. In E. A. Brown & M. Wilkie (Eds.), Peritoneal dialysis (2nd ed., pp. 245–259). Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Cao, F., Hong, F., Ruan, Y., & Lin, M. (2023). Effect of patient-empowerment interaction model on self-management ability of peritoneal dialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial. Patient Preference and Adherence, 17, 873–881. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S402698 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Chen, X., Hua, L., Zhang, C., Xu, Z., Cao, X., & Cai, Y. (2021). Effect of peer support on improving self-management ability in peritoneal dialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 10(3), 3028–3038. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-219 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Cho, Y., & Johnson, D. W. (2014). Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: towards improving evidence, practices, and outcomes. American journal of kidney diseases: the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 64(2), 278–289. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.02.025 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. S. Valle & M. King (Eds.), Existential-Phenomenological Alternatives for Psychology (pp. 48–71). Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Curtin, R. B., Mapes, D. L., & Thomas-Hawkins, C. (2001). Health care management strategies of long-term dialysis survivors. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 28(4), 385–394. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Davison, S. N., & Jhangri, G. S. (2010). Existential and supportive care needs among patients with chronic kidney disease. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 40(6), 838–843. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Department of Health. (2020). Philippine health statistics. https://doh.gov.ph [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Department of Health. (2023). National Kidney and Transplant Institute Annual Report 2023. Department of Health, Philippines. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L., & Allen, S. D. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Ewart, C., Baharani, J., Wilkie, M., & Thomas, N. (2022). Patient perspectives and experiences of remote consultations in people receiving kidney care: A scoping review. Journal of Kidney Care, 7(2), 64–73. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Flythe, J. E., Powell, J. N., Poulton, C. J., Westreich, D. J., Patel, S. S., & Broadwell, P. T. (2022). Dialysis symptom index burden and symptom clusters in a prospective cohort of dialysis patients. Journal of Nephrology, 35(5), 1427–1436. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Frank, A. W. (2013). The wounded storyteller: Body, illness, and ethics (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Griva, K., Ng, H. J., Yu, Z., Choong, H. L., & Foo, M. W. (2016). The course of quality of life in patients on peritoneal dialysis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23(4), 458–468. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Hinkle, J. L., & Cheever, K. H. (2021). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (15th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. Himmelfarb, J., & Ikizler, T. A. (Eds.). (2023). Chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and transplantation: A companion to Brenner and Rector's the kidney (4th ed.). Elsevier. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis. (2022). ISPD guidelines and recommendations. ISPD. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. International Society of Nephrology. (2023). ISN–Global Kidney Health Atlas: An assessment of global kidney health care status focussing on capacity, availability, accessibility, affordability and outcomes of kidney disease. ISN. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Jhamb, M., Weisbord, S. D., Steel, J. L., & Unruh, M. (2008). Fatigue in patients receiving maintenance dialysis: A review of definitions, measures, and contributing factors. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 52(2), 353–365. doi.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Kramer, H., & Fouque, D. (2022). High-protein diet is bad for kidney health: Unleashing the taboo. Journal of Renal Nutrition, 32(1), 1–4. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
29. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. (2013). KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International Supplements, 3(1), 1–150. https://doi.org/10.1038/kisup.2012.73 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
30. Li, P. K.-T., Chow, K. M., Cho, Y., Fan, S., Figueiredo, A. E., Harris, T., Kanjanabuch, T., Kim, Y.-L., Madero, M., Malyszko, J., Mehrotra, R., Okpechi, I. G., Perl, J., Piraino, B., Runnegar, N., Teitelbaum, I., Wong, J. K.-W., Yu, X., & Johnson, D. W. (2022). ISPD peritonitis guideline recommendations: 2022 update on prevention and treatment. Peritoneal Dialysis International, 42(2), 110–153. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
31. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
32. Liyanage, T., Ninomiya, T., Jha, V., Neal, B., Okpechi, I., Zhao, M., Lv, J., Garg, A. X., Knight, J., Rodgers, A., Gallagher, M., Kotwal, S., Cass, A., & Perkovic, V. (2015). Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: A systematic review. The Lancet, 385(9981), 1975–1982. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
33. Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2019). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
34. Mishel, M. H. (1988). Uncertainty in illness. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 20(4), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1988.tb00082.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
35. Morton, R. L., Craig, J. C., Howard, K., Snelling, P., Morris, J., & Tong, A. (2021). The impact of symptom burden on the daily functioning and quality of life of patients receiving home-based versus center-based dialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 36(Suppl. 1). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
36. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2023). Peritoneal dialysis. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/peritoneal-dialysis [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
37. National Kidney Foundation. (2022). Dialysis. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/ dialysisinfo [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
38. National Kidney Foundation. (2024). Hemodialysis access and vascular access complications. https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/hemodialysis-access [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
39. Orem, D. E. (2001). Nursing: Concepts of practice (6th ed.). Mosby. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
40. Palmer, S. C., Hanson, C. S., Craig, J. C., Strippoli, G. F., Ruospo, M., Campbell, K., Johnson, D. W., Guha, C., Hepburn, A. K., Tunnicliffe, D. J., Noel, J. A., Kim, S., de Brito Ashurst, I., Xu, Y., Ru, Y., Gallagher, M. P., Alan, S. R., Webster, A. C., & Tong, A. (2015). Dietary and fluid restrictions in chronic kidney disease: A thematic synthesis of patient views from qualitative studies. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 65(4), 559–573. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
41. Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 257–301. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018301 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
42. Park, K. O., Park, S. H., & Yu, M. (2018). Physicians' experience of communication with nurses related to patient safety: A phenomenological study using the Colaizzi method. Asian Nursing Research, 12(3), 166–174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr. 2018.06.002 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
43. Philippine Renal Disease Registry. (2022). Annual report. https://renalregistry.doh.gov.ph [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
44. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2021). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (11th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
45. Roy, C. (2009). The Roy adaptation model (3rd ed.). Pearson. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
46. Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22(2), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-2004-22201 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
47. Sotiriadou, G., Scholes-Robertson, N., Guha, C., Howell, M., Viecelli, A. K., Wong, G., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Jaure, A., Evangelidis, N., Carter, S. A., Wilkie, M., Schell, J., Hecking, M., Gonzalez, A. M., Ju, A., Eckert, D. J., Craig, J. C., & Tong, A. (2022). Patient experiences of sleep in dialysis: Systematic review of qualitative studies. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 79(6), 817–830. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
48. Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. C. (2008). Support interventions for caregivers of people with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 3(2), 556–564. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN. 03920907 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
49. United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://sdgs.un.org/goals [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
50. Walker, R. C., Hanson, C. S., Palmer, S. C., Howard, K., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Craig, J. C., Moodie, M., & Tong, A. (2015). Patient and caregiver perspectives on home hemodialysis: A systematic review. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 65(3), 451–463. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
51. White, N., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2019). The importance of family support in chronic illness adaptation. In Advances in chronic illness management and family support systems (pp. 142–158). Academic Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
52. Wirihana, L., Welch, A., Williamson, M., Christensen, M., Bakon, S., & Craft, J. (2018). Using Colaizzi's method of data analysis to explore the experiences of nurse academics teaching on satellite campuses. Nurse Researcher, 25(4), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.2018.e1516 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
53. World Health Organization. (2023). Chronic kidney disease. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-kidney-disease [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
54. World Health Organization. (2025). Quality health services (Fact sheet). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/quality-health-services [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- Assessment of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Repositioning TVET for Economic Development in Nigeria
- Teachers’ Use of Assure Model Instructional Design on Learners’ Problem Solving Efficacy in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya
- “E-Booksan Ang Kaalaman”: Development, Validation, and Utilization of Electronic Book in Academic Performance of Grade 9 Students in Social Studies
- Analyzing EFL University Students’ Academic Speaking Skills Through Self-Recorded Video Presentation
- Major Findings of The Study on Total Quality Management in Teachers’ Education Institutions (TEIs) In Assam – An Evaluative Study