Analytical Investigation of Antenna Radiation Characteristics Using the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction

This paper presents an analytical investigation of antenna radiation characteristics using the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) as a high-frequency electromagnetic analysis technique. The study focuses on evaluating the influence of diffraction phenomena on the radiation behavior of practical antenna configurations, particularly in regions where conventional ray-based approaches become insufficient. An analytical framework is developed to describe the contribution of direct, reflected, and diffracted electromagnetic fields to the overall radiation pattern. Key performance parameters, including radiation intensity, gain, beam width, side-lobe levels, and field distribution, are examined for different geometrical and operating conditions. The analytical results are further assessed through numerical simulations to determine the accuracy and applicability of the proposed approach. The investigation demonstrates that GTD provides an efficient means of predicting complex radiation behavior while reducing computational requirements compared with full-wave techniques. The proposed analysis can support antenna design, performance optimization, and high-frequency electromagnetic applications.

Radiation Pattern, Diffraction Analysis, Electromagnetic Fields, Antenna Gain, Beam width, Side Lobes, High-Frequency Analysis.

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