Reservoir Characterization of the NKO Field, Onshore Niger Delta Basin Using Multi-Seismic Attribute Algorithms

This study presents a comprehensive reservoir characterization of the NKO Field onshore Niger Delta Basin using multi seismic attributes algorithms. The study is aimed at delineating the lithofacies stratigraphic framework using well-logs, characterizing the reservoirs and evaluate their petrophysical properties, build a robust structural and tectonostratigraphic framework of the NKO Field well-log and seismic data, generate volume and surface attributes for prospect identification and analysis as it will enhance adequate reservoir characterization. The integration well logs and seismic data enabled the delineation of lithofacies, characterization of the reservoirs and evaluation of the petrophysical properties. A multi-attribute seismic analysis used increased the reliability of the subsurface predictions. The results reveal six distinct reservoirs with varying petrophysical properties, including porosity, permeability, and hydrocarbon saturation. Also, seismic attribute analysis which include, sweetness attribute, RMS amplitude, and variance edge, helped in identifying potential Hydrocarbon bearing zones. The variance (edge) attribute clearly shows the faults within the field that were not evident in the original seismic data. The reservoir interval exhibited a total porosity range of 0.16 to 0.29, indicating a moderate to good storage capacity, while the effective porosity, which is a critical parameter for hydrocarbon flow, was computed to range from 0.16 to 0.29, suggesting a potentially significant proportion of interconnected pore spaces. The volume of shale within the reservoir interval varies between 0.12 and 0.23, which is relatively consistent with the lithology expected in this geological setting, and the net-to-gross ratio ranges from 0.75 to 0.89, indicating a relatively high proportion of reservoir-quality rock. Permeability, a key factor controlling fluid flow, ranges from 589mD to 987mD, suggesting a moderate to good flow potential. Hydrocarbon saturation within the Res_2 reservoir interval is estimated to range from 0.62 to 0.71, indicating a significant presence of hydrocarbons and potentially commercial quantities. The well tie analysis reveals that the top of the targeted reservoirs corresponds to the peak, indicating that they are consisting of high-impedance sands overlain by low-impedance shale layers. A total of 42 faults were identified and mapped, with three major faults causing significant displacement in the region. The depth map exhibits a substantial depth range of 5014 Ft (9093-4079 Ft), with a structural high reaching as shallow as -4079 ft. and structural lows plunging to 9093 ft. The integration of structural attributes with fault interpretation enabled a more accurate understanding of the subsurface geology and the role of faults in controlling hydrocarbon accumulation. This study provides valuable insights into the reservoir structure and stratigraphy, informing development strategies.

Petroleum Engineering

1. Ahaneku, C. V., Okoro, A. U., Odoh, B. I., Anomneze, B.D. O., Chima, K. I., Ejeke, C. F., and Okoli, I. N., (2016). Sequence Stratigraphy, Structural framework and hydrocarbon migration of Ariki field, Nigeria. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 43(1), p.82-88. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Ali, K., Rahim, K. (2022). Acoustic, density, and seismic attribute analysis to aid gas detection and delineation of reservoir properties. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-85465-8.00007-8 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Ajakaiye D. E. and Bally A. W., 2002. Some structural styles on reflection profiles from Offshore Niger Delta. Search and discovery Article. 10031. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Amit, R., Rajeshwaran, D., Saravana, D., Siddharth, B. (2023). Machine Learning Assisted Fracture Network Characterization of a Naturally Fractured Reservoir Using Seismic Attributes. doi: 10.2118/216965-ms [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Anderson, F. C., and Pedro, A.C.O. (2021). An integrated approach for reservoirs characterization: A case study from the Barreirinhas basin in Maranhão, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, doi: 10.1016/J.JSAMES.2021.103610 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Aniefiok, E.I; Udo, J.I, Margaret, U.I, Sunday, W.P (2013) “Petroleum Exploration and production: Past and present Environmental Issues in the Nigeria's Niger Delta”. American Journal of Environmental Protection. Vol.1, No.4, 78-90 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Doust, H., and E. Omatsola, 1990.NigerDelta, in J. D. Edwards and P. A. Santogrossi, (eds.); Divergent/passive margin basins: AAPG Memoir 48, p. 239-248. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Evamy, B.D., Haremboure, J., Kammerling, R., Knaap, W.A., Molloy, F.A., and Rowlands, P.H., 1978. Hydrocarbon habitat of Tertiary Niger Delta, America Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 62, p. 1-39. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Kumar, Dhananjay. (2023). Seismic AVO analysis for reservoir characterization. Developments in structural geology and tectonics, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99593-1.00002-1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Nwaezeapu, V.C., Okoro, A.U., Akpunonu, E.O., Ajaegwu, N.E., Ezenwaka, K.C., Ahaneku, V.A. (2017). Sequence Tratigraphy Approach to Hydrocarbon Exploration: A Case Study Chiadu field Et Eastern Onshore Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria. Journal of Peroleum. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Nyeneime, O., Etuk., Mfoniso, U., Aka., Okechukwu, A., Agbasi., Johnson, C., Ibuot. (2020). Evaluation of seismic attributes for reservoir characterization over Edi field, Niger delta, Nigeria using 3d seismic data. doi: 10.14419/IJAG.V8I2.31043. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Obiadi, I., Okoye, F.C., Obiadi, C.M., Irumhe, P., Omeokachie, A.I. (2019). 3-D structural and seismic attribute analysis for field reservoir development and prospect identification in Fabianski Field, onshore Niger delta, Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences Volume 158, October 2019, 103562 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Oumarou, Sanda., Djeddi, Mabrouk., Tabod, Charles, Tabod., Tabod, Charles, Tabod., Jean, Marcel., Simon, Ngos., Jean, Marcel, Abate, Essi., Joseph, Kamguia. (2021). Seismic attributes in reservoir characterization: an overview. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, doi: 10.1007/S12517-021-06626-1. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Owen, J. (2024). Reservoir Characterization and Performance Analysis Using Type Curves: A Case Study from South-Eastern Bangladesh. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Reijers, T.J. A., Petters, S. W. and Nwajide, C. S., 1997. The Niger Delta basin. In: R.C. Selley, (Ed.); African basins, Amsterdam, Elsivier science, sedimentary basins of the world; Vol. 3, p. 151-172. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Sofolabo, A.O., A., F., Nwakanma. (2022). Reservoir characterization using integrated seismic attributes and petrophysical parameters in an onshore field of Niger delta basin. International journal of advanced geosciences, doi: 10.14419/ijag.v10i1.31972 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Taner, M. T., Koehler, F. Sheriff, R. E. Complex seismic trace analysis. Society of Exploration Geophysicists GEOPHYSICS 44 (6), 1041-1063, 1979-06 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• An Adaptive Joint Filtering Approach to Wireless Relay Network for Transmission Rate Maximization
• IoT-Integrated Mercury Substance Detection System for Cosmetic Product Safety
• Design and Implementation of Solar PV-Based Railway Microgrid for Linke Hofmann Busch Coaches
• Cost Control Techniques on Civil Engineering Projects in Oyo State, Nigeria
• Strength and Predictive Modeling of Corn Cob Ash Blended Concrete Using Multi-Output Artificial Neural Network Approach