Literature Integration on the Leadership Character of the Prophet Muhammad With Conventional Character in Nursing Care

Background: The position of ward head is crucial because their managerial skills play a significant role in the success of nursing services. The leader's character contributes optimally to creating quality nursing care. The results of this study are very important because they discuss the appropriate leadership character in managing nursing wards. The past leadership character of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) serves as the basis for patient management.

leadership; character; nursing; Islamic

1. P. A. Swiger and W. M. Hamilton, “Quality and Safety in Nursing : Recommendations From a Systematic Review,” J. Healthc. Qual., vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 203–219, 2024, doi: 10.1097/JHQ.0000000000000430. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. B. Wulandari, C. N. Ginting, Y. Eliza, P. Lubis, and E. Girsang, “The influence of the managerial functions of the head of the room on the performance of nurses in performing nursing care in RS Royal Prima Medan 2020,” Int. J. Res. inMedical Sci., vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1975–1982, 2021. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. F. S. Aris Teguh Hidayat*, Masniati Arafah, Lindesi Yanti, “Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research,” Indones. J. Glob. Heal. Res., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 975–984, 2025. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Tim Kemenag, “Tafsir Al Quran online. Kementrian Agama Republik Indosesia.” Kementrian Agama Republik Indonesia, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://quran.kemenag.go.id/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Kbbi.kemdikbud, “Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia,” KBBI, 2025. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Sunnah.com, “Chapter: It Is Recommended To Forgive And Be Humble,” sunnah, 2025. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Bukhori, “Shahih Bukhari,” Al Manhaj, 2025. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Al-Quran, “Al Mu’minun,” Quran online . Kemenag, no. 8, 2025. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. H. Nugroho, S. Riyadi, S. D. Lestari, and S. Mudjijah, “Innovative Leadership in Driving Organizational Innovation and Performance A Systematic Literature Review,” Econ. Financ., vol. 7, no. 1, 2025, doi: 10.32877/ef.v7i1.2040. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. D. C. Wilson, “Defining Leadership,” Philos. Manag., no. January, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s40926-022-00210-7. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. K. Bibic et al., “The value of leaders we trust and leaders who make us stronger : Exploring the distinct contributions of different components of identity leadership to group member outcomes,” 2025, doi: 10.1177/13684302251341818. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. A. S. Gutterman, “Definitions and Conceptions of Leadership,” 2023. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. R. W. A. Gatuwari Lesminadi1, Hardjono2, “Servant Leadership : Sebuah Gaya Kepemimpinan,” J. Ilm. Psikol. Candrajiwa, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 126–133, 2021. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. A. Heryana, “Teori Kepemimpinan: Transformational Leadership & Servant Leadership,” Univ. Esa Unggul, pp. 1–6, 2024. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. S. E. Husen Waedoloh, Hieronymus Purwanta, “Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Karekteristik Pemimpin yang Efektif,” Webinar Dewan Profr. Univ. Sebel. Maret, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 144–152, 2022. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. C. Filstad, “Role models in police leadership – When the symbolic becomes reality - Reinforcement or ways forward ?,” Police J., vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 290–305, 2025, doi: 10.1177/0032258X241280199. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. P. Moleka, “Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal The Role of Leadership in Fostering Innovation : A Qualitative Study in Organizational Settings,” vol. 05, no. 02, pp. 48–53, 2024. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. S. Sindakis and L. Thomas, “The role of leadership in collective creativity and innovation : Examining academic research and development environments,” no. December, pp. 1–18, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1060412. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. E. K. Soleas, “Leader strategies for motivating innovation in individuals : a systematic review,” Soleas J. Innov. Enterpeneursh., vol. 9, no. 9, 2020. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. M. M. Rachman, “The Impact of Motivation on Performance : The Role of Organizational Commitment,” J. Theor. Appl. Manag., vol. 0, 2022. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. M. J. T. Cairns, “Care of the critically ill patient,” Elsevier, no. January, 2020. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. A. I. Zulfa, D. Febriani, A. Fadillah, and P. Siregar, “Analisis Strategi Manajemen Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Dalam Memaksimalkan Mutu Pelayanan Kesehatan : Literature Review,” J. Ilm. Multidisiplin, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 954–963, 2023. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. R. D. S. 2 S. S. H. S. Salni Saharman1, 2*, “PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN PATIENT CENTERED CARE MELALUI PENERAPAN EVIDENCE BASED NURSING: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW,” Avicenna J. Heal. Res., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 71–82, 2023. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. M. M. Siti Sa’idah1), Natasya Putri Salsabila2), “AKHLAK YANG BAIK: JUJUR DAN AMANAH SEBAGAI PONDASI KEHIDUPAN YANG HARMONI,” selaksa makna, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 76–80, 2025. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. M. J. B. M. a B, M. a i j , Gerald B. Hickson MD c d, Cynda Hylton Rushton PhD, MSN, RN e f g, Mark E.P. Prince MD, FRCS(C) a h, Carol R. Bradford MD, and R. C. B. J. k l M, “Honesty and Transparency, Indispensable to the Clinical Missiono Title,” Natl. Lybrary Med., 2022, doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2021.07.018. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. M. Alzoubi, G. A. Shosha, S. Mohammed, and F. Abdelaliem, “Relationship between emotional intelligence and quality of healthcare among nurses,” Front. Psychol., no. October, 2024, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1423235. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. H. G. Dailah, M. Koriri, A. Sabei, T. Kriry, and M. Zakri, “Artificial Intelligence in Nursing : Technological Benefits to Nurse ’ s Mental Health and Patient Care Quality,” healtcare, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ healthcare12242555. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. M. D. R. Sahbana, A. Arifi, and T. Rahman, “Kecerdasan Intelektual Dalam Perspektif Al- Qur ’ an,” Madania, no. 12, pp. 62–71, 2022. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. K. Repolinda, Anwar and M. Yusup, “Konsep dan Tantangan Tabligh dalam Islam : Analisis Perspektif Al-Qur ’ an dan Hadis di Era Digital,” Indones. J. Innov. Multidisipliner Res., vol. 3, pp. 396–403, 2025. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. R. A. Sinanto, E. S. Nadur, and A. Axmalia, “Pendampingan spiritual dalam asuhan keperawatan sebagai upaya penyembuhan pasien,” Inf. promosi Kesehat., vol. 01, no. 36, 2023. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. M. Tassos et al., “The biopsychosocial – spiritual impact on non-clinical health professionals who interact with traumatic and / or sensitive health data : A scoping review,” Heal. Inf. Manag. J., 2025, doi: 10.1177/18333583251338406. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• The Indirect Effect of Liquidity and Activity on Company Value with Profitability as an Intervening Variable
• Effect of Financial Skills, Knowledge, and Attitude on The Financial Behaviour of Clergy
• A Decade of Review: Trends in Budget Execution and Financial Performance of Development Projects in Tanzania (2014/15-2023/24)
• The Influence of Pre-Project Planning on the Budget Absorption Rate of Public Funded Infrastructure Projects in Kenya a Comparative Case Study of Narok, Migori, and Kisii County Government Projects
• Assessment of Factors Influencing Digital Transformation in Hotels’ Facility Management in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria