The Interrelationship between the Self and Universal Vibration: A Comprehensive Review

The Interrelationship between the Self and Universal Vibration: A Comprehensive Review

Siddappa Naragatti

Central Research Institute of Yoga and Naturopathy, Karnataka, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.100500077

Received: 26 May 2025; Accepted: 30 May 2025; Published: 14 June 2025

ABSTRACT

This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between the self and universal vibration, a concept rooted in various spiritual, philosophical, and scientific traditions. Universal vibration is often regarded as the fundamental energy or frequency that underpins the cosmos, influencing all matter and consciousness. The self, as the individual’s inner essence, is believed to interact dynamically with this universal energy, fostering personal growth, spiritual awakening, and a deeper understanding of existence. This review synthesizes findings from contemporary research in quantum physics, consciousness studies, and spiritual practices, highlighting how vibrations at different frequencies can impact mental, emotional, and physical well-being. It examines traditional perspectives from Eastern philosophies, such as Vedanta and Buddhism, alongside modern scientific interpretations, emphasizing the potential for harmonizing the self with universal vibrations through meditation, sound therapy, and mindful awareness. The review also discusses recent empirical studies that investigate the effects of vibrational therapy and meditative practices on brain activity and emotional health. Despite ongoing debates and limited empirical evidence, emerging research suggests a meaningful connection between vibrational states and self-realization. This comprehensive analysis aims to bridge the gap between scientific inquiry and spiritual wisdom, offering insights into how aligning oneself with universal vibrations can promote holistic health and spiritual evolution. Ultimately, this review underscores the importance of further interdisciplinary research to deepen our understanding of this profound interrelationship.

Keywords: Interrelationship, Self Universal, Vibration, Consciousness, Health, Meditation

INTRODUCTION

Background and Significance of the Study

The concepts of the Self and Universal Vibration have been extensively examined across philosophy, spirituality, physics, and psychology¹(Schwartz JM,et al.,2005).. The Self generally refers to individual consciousness or the soul—the core essence of a person—while Universal Vibration is often described as the fundamental energetic frequency or rhythm underlying the universe’s fabric² (Domuschiev, Ivan. (2025). These ideas are central to many spiritual traditions, which propose that the Self is interconnected with the cosmos through a universal vibrational field influencing physical, mental, and spiritual states.

Historically, spiritual practices such as meditation, prayer, and chanting aim to attune individuals to these universal vibrations, fostering greater self-awareness and harmony with the universe. Concurrently, modern science—particularly in quantum physics and neuroscience—has begun exploring the possibility that consciousness and universal energy are interconnected at fundamental levels. Emerging research indicates that certain frequencies or vibrations can affect biological processes and mental states, suggesting an intrinsic link between individual consciousness and the vibrational nature of reality³(Laslo, 2007).

Understanding the relationship between the Self and Universal Vibration is significant because it bridges subjective spiritual experiences with objective scientific inquiry⁴ Meijer, Dirk. (2025). Insights gained could deepen our understanding of consciousness, mental health, healing, and the nature of reality. As holistic health, mindfulness, and metaphysical phenomena garner increasing interest, investigating these connections offers the potential to develop integrative approaches that combine scientific rigor with spiritual wisdom⁵ (Greeson JM, et al., 2011). Ultimately, this exploration aims to enrich our understanding of human existence and our place within the cosmos.

Definition of Key Concepts

The Self and Universal Vibration: An Interdisciplinary Exploration

The Self

The concept of the “self” occupies a central and complex position across multiple disciplines—psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and spirituality. Its multifaceted nature reflects an intricate interplay among cognitive, neural, experiential, and existential dimensions⁶ (Gallagher, 2000). Contemporary scholarship often operationalizes the self as an emergent entity characterized by self-awareness, agency, and continuity over time⁷ (Damasio, 2010). Gallagher emphasizes that the self involves the capacity for self-recognition, goal-directed behavior, and the persistence of a subjective sense of identity despite constant perceptual flux. This functional perspective has enabled scientific investigation using neuroimaging and cognitive methods, revealing brain regions involved in self-referential thought, such as the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and the temporoparietal junction⁸ (Northoff, 2004).

A critical distinction within this framework is between the empirical self and the experiential self. The empirical self comprises observable, measurable aspects—such as the body, behaviors, and cognitive processes—accessible through psychometric tests and neuroimaging. In contrast, the experiential self pertains to subjective consciousness—the raw feeling of being, qualia, and lived experience of unity and continuity. Philosophically, these facets raise questions about the nature of consciousness, intentionality, and the mind-body problem. Dualistic, monistic, and phenomenological perspectives each offer different interpretations: dualism separates the mind and body, while monism posits a unified underlying reality⁹ (Chalmers, 1996). Phenomenology emphasizes lived experience and subjective perception, fostering integration of scientific findings with spiritual and experiential accounts¹⁰ (Husserl, 1931).

Universal Vibration

In spiritual and metaphysical discourses, the notion of *universal vibration* posits that reality is fundamentally composed of oscillatory energy patterns. Many Eastern philosophies and New Age traditions describe the cosmos as a vibrational field, suggesting that the self is an expression or manifestation of this interconnected energy¹¹ (Tiller, 2007). The idea implies that individual consciousness and the universe are linked through resonant frequencies, transcending material boundaries and fostering a sense of cosmic unity.

To interpret *universal vibration* within a scientific framework, it is necessary to operationalize the concept as observable phenomena. In physics, vibrations encompass quantum fluctuations—spontaneous energy variations at the subatomic level; electromagnetic waves, including light and radio signals; acoustic waves; and cosmic microwave background radiation, the residual electromagnetic radiation from the universe’s early epochs¹² (Mandel & Smith, 2021). These measurable phenomena suggest that vibrational processes underpin much of the physical universe, providing a basis for interdisciplinary investigation.

Recent advances in neuroscience have identified neural oscillations—rhythmic electrical activity in the brain—as potential biological correlates of vibrational phenomena. Neural oscillations in various frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) are implicated in perception, attention, and consciousness¹³ (Buzsáki, 2006). Some theories, like Orch-OR (Orchestrated Objective Reduction) proposed by Penrose and Hameroff, hypothesize that quantum vibrations within neural microtubules could link consciousness to fundamental physical processes¹⁴ (Penrose &Hameroff, 2011). Although speculative, such models suggest that the self’s experience may be influenced by or resonate with universal vibratory patterns.

Philosophically, many metaphysical traditions describe vibrational resonance as a metaphor for interconnectedness and holistic awareness. These perspectives, while lacking empirical validation, inspire scientific hypotheses about the influence of external vibrations—such as sound or electromagnetic stimuli—on biological systems. Studies in cymatics—the visualization of sound vibrations—demonstrate how frequencies can affect the organization of matter, hinting at potential physiological interactions between vibrations and living organisms¹⁵ (Tortora&Derrickson, 2014). Such research opens pathways for understanding how external vibratory stimuli might modulate neural activity and subjective experience, further bridging scientific and spiritual views.

Interrelationship

The interconnection between the Self and Universal Vibration suggests a profound link between individual consciousness and the cosmic energy field that permeates existence. Rather than being isolated, the Self and the universe engage in a dynamic, reciprocal relationship, continually influencing each other. This paradigm posits that universal vibration is the fundamental oscillatory energy underlying all matter, life, and consciousness, creating a web of interconnected energetic interactions (Tiller, 2007). The Self, in this context, is viewed as a vibratory expression within this universal field, with individual consciousness representing a localized manifestation of the broader vibrational continuum.

Eckhart Tolle (2005) describes this interconnectedness¹⁶ by proposing that shifts in universal vibration can affect one’s awareness, emotional state, and spiritual attunement. Conversely, individuals can modulate their inner vibration through practices like meditation, which can ripple outward, influencing the universal field. This mutual influence underscores a fundamental principle of interconnectedness where boundaries between self and cosmos blur, revealing a unified energetic reality.

This view aligns with holistic philosophies such as Vedanta, which sees the Self (Atman) as inherently connected to Brahman, the universal consciousness. Similarly, Taoism emphasizes harmony with the Tao, the fundamental flow of the universe. Practicing meditation aims to attune internal vibrations with cosmic energies, fostering states of oneness, peace, and expanded consciousness. Such alignment not only benefits individual well-being but also suggests a collective energetic exchange, highlighting the ongoing dynamic between microcosm and macrocosm.

This perspective encourages a shift from mechanistic views of reality to one recognizing the universe as an interconnected vibrational whole, where consciousness and matter co-evolve¹⁷ (Capra, 1975).

Rationale for the Review

Throughout history, both spiritual traditions and scientific disciplines have sought to understand the nature of reality, consciousness, and the fundamental forces that underpin existence. Many spiritual philosophies propose that everything in the universe is interconnected through a universal vibrational energy sometimes referred to as “vibrations,” “cosmic energy,” or “universal consciousness.” These ideas suggest that the Self, or individual consciousness, is not separate from this universal vibration but is intrinsically linked to it.

Conversely, scientific research has increasingly explored phenomena such as electromagnetic fields, brainwave entrainment, and quantum effects that could provide a physical basis for these spiritual concepts. While spiritual teachings often emphasize experiential understanding and subjective perception, science seeks to quantify and empirically verify such phenomena.

Despite the rich discourse in both domains, comprehensive analyses that synthesize philosophical, spiritual, and scientific perspectives on the interrelationship between the Self and Universal Vibration are limited. Most studies tend to focus on one domain either spiritual or scientific without integrating insights to provide a holistic understanding. This gap hampers our ability to fully grasp how the Self interacts with or perceives universal vibrations, and how this relationship influences well-being, consciousness, and the nature of reality.

Therefore, this review aims to bridge this gap by synthesizing existing literature across disciplines, clarifying how the Self is conceptualized in relation to universal vibrations, and examining empirical evidence supporting this interconnectedness. Such an integrated approach can foster a more comprehensive understanding of this profound relationship, potentially opening new avenues for research and practical applications.

Objectives and Scope of the Paper

The primary objectives of this review are to:

Explore philosophical and spiritual perspectives: Investigate traditional and contemporary spiritual teachings, philosophies, and mystical experiences that describe the Self’s relationship with universal vibration. This includes insights from Eastern philosophies (e.g., Vedanta, Buddhism), Western esoteric traditions, and modern spiritual movements.

Review scientific theories and empirical studies: Examine contemporary scientific research related to vibrations, energy fields, brainwave activity, and quantum phenomena that may underpin or resemble spiritual notions of universal vibration. This includes studies in neuroscience, physics, and consciousness research.

Analyze models describing their interrelationship: Synthesize conceptual frameworks and models proposed by both spiritual and scientific communities that attempt to explain how the Self interacts with or perceives universal vibrations.

Identify gaps and propose future research directions: Highlight areas where empirical evidence is lacking, where theoretical models conflict or remain underdeveloped, and suggest avenues for interdisciplinary research to deepen understanding.

Scope of the Review

This paper will cover literature from multiple disciplines, including:

• Philosophical and spiritual texts and teachings
• Contemporary scientific research articles and experimental studies
• Theoretical models and conceptual frameworks across disciplines

By integrating these perspectives, the review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the interrelationship between the Self and Universal Vibration, fostering dialogue between spiritual insight and scientific inquiry.

Conceptual Framework

Philosophical and Spiritual Perspectives on the Self

The concept of the Self has been a fundamental focus across diverse philosophical and spiritual traditions, each offering unique insights into its nature and its relationship with the universe.

Advaita Vedanta, a non-dualistic school of Indian philosophy, describes the Self as Atman, an unchanging, pure consciousness that is inherently identical with Brahman, the ultimate, infinite reality. According to this view, the Self is not separate from the cosmos but is the very essence of all that exists. Radhakrishnan (1953) emphasizes that realizing this unity dissolves the illusion of separateness and reveals the Self as an eternal, universal consciousness¹⁸.

In Buddhist philosophy, the Self is often viewed as an illusion an aggregate of transient phenomena yet practitioners seek to understand the interconnectedness of all phenomena, including the Self, through practices like meditation. The emphasis is on transcending egoic identities to experience a universal consciousness that underlies individual existence.

Western philosophical perspectives, such as those of¹⁹ William James (1890), consider the Self as the experiential core of consciousness the subjective center that perceives, feels, and thinks. James distinguished between the “I” (the subjective knower) and the “me” (the object known), recognizing the Self as central to personal experience and identity.

These diverse perspectives converge in the idea that the Self is not merely a personal or isolated entity but is deeply interconnected with a larger, universal reality. Understanding this interconnectedness forms a foundational basis for exploring how the Self may relate to universal vibrations.

Understanding Universal Vibration: Scientific and Metaphysical Viewpoints

The notion of Universal Vibration transcends cultural and scientific boundaries, encompassing both metaphysical beliefs and scientific observations.

Metaphysically, many spiritual traditions describe the universe as emanating from a primordial sound or vibrational energy often referred to as the Om or cosmic soundthat underpins all of existence. For example, in Hinduism and certain New Age philosophies, this vibrational energy is seen as the foundational fabric of reality, connecting all things and serving as a medium through which consciousness manifests²⁰ (Chant, 2014).

Scientifically, phenomena that are interpreted as manifestations of universal vibrations include electromagnetic waves, quantum fields, and the cosmic microwave background radiationa faint glow permeating the universe that provides evidence of its early energetic state²¹ (Penrose, 2004). These vibrations or oscillations at various scales suggest that the universe is fundamentally energetic and dynamic.

Some contemporary theories propose that consciousness itself may emerge from or interact with these vibrational fields. For example, Hameroff and Penrose (2014) hypothesize that quantum processes within microtubules in neurons may link individual consciousness to a broader quantum vibrational framework, implying a fundamental interconnectedness mediated by vibrational energy²².

This dual perspective metaphysical and scientific suggests that vibrations are not only the basis of physical phenomena but may also be integral to the fabric of consciousness and existence itself.

Theoretical Models Linking Self and Universal Vibration

Emerging theories in cognitive neuroscience and physics propose frameworks that may elucidate aspects of the relationship between the self and ubiquitous oscillatory phenomena. For example, the neural oscillation theory describes brain activity as rhythmic electrical pulses that coordinate cognitive processing and conscious experience²³ (Buzsáki, 2019). This introduces the notion that the self is fundamentally linked to vibratory patterns within the brain’s neural networks. Complementary to this, quantum theories of consciousness hypothesize that microtubule vibrations at the cellular level might contribute to the integration of conscious experience, though these hypotheses remain tentative and subject to empirical validation (Hameroff& Penrose, 2014).

On a cosmological scale, the omnipresent cosmic microwave background radiation represents a form of “universal vibration,” a remnant echo of the Big Bang that fills the universe²⁴ (Planck Collaboration, 2018). While not directly connected to conscious experience, such phenomena underscore that oscillatory processes operate at all levels of reality, providing a physical substrate from which metaphysical interpretations often arise.

Several integrated models attempt to bridge spiritual insights with scientific understanding, providing frameworks for how the Self might be interconnected with universal vibrations:

Quantum Consciousness Model: Proposed by Hameroff and Penrose (2014), this model suggests that consciousness originates from quantum vibrations within neural microtubules. These microtubules resonate with universal quantum fields, implying that individual awareness is fundamentally linked to a universal vibrational energy.

Vibrational Medicine: This approach posits that health and consciousness can be influenced by tuning into specific vibrational frequencies present in the environment or within the body. Practitioners use sound, light, or energy frequencies to facilitate healing, suggesting an intrinsic connection between vibration and well-being²⁵ (Tiller, 2001).

Nondual Models: Prominent in Advaita Vedanta and similar philosophies, these models propose that the Self and the universe are non-dual, with vibrations acting as the medium that expresses this unity. Wilber (2000) articulates that consciousness and the cosmos are two aspects of the same underlying reality, with vibrational energy serving as the bridge between subjective and objective domains²⁶.

Historical and Cultural Perspectives

Understanding the concept of universal vibrations and their relationship with the Self requires exploring how various cultures and philosophical traditions have approached this idea over centuries. This section examines traditional beliefs rooted in spiritual teachings, as well as modern scientific interpretations, highlighting both similarities and differences across cultures.

Traditional Beliefs and Spiritual Teachings

Vedic Philosophy

The Vedic tradition, originating from ancient India, emphasizes the fundamental role of vibrational energy in the universe and human consciousness. Maharishi Mahesh Yogi’s work, The Science of Being and Art of Living²⁷ (1960), explores how consciousness itself can be understood as a form of vibrational energy. According to Vedic teachings, everything in existence emanates from a primordial vibrational source (often referred to as Om), which underpins the fabric of reality. These vibrations are believed to influence the physical and mental states of individuals, with practices like meditation aimed at attuning oneself to this universal rhythm to achieve harmony and enlightenment.

Buddhist Perspectives

In Buddhism, interconnectedness and impermanence are core concepts. ThichNhatHanh’s The Heart of the Buddha’s Teaching²⁸ (1999) elaborates on the idea that all phenomena are interconnected and vibrate in harmony with each other. The Buddhist understanding of vibrational energy is linked to the concept of interbeing, emphasizing that individual existence is inseparable from the web of life. Practices such as mindfulness and chanting are believed to resonate with these vibrations, fostering a sense of unity with the universe and the Self’s realization of its interconnected nature.

Taoist Philosophies

Lao Tzu’s Tao TeChing (2006) introduces the idea of Qior Chi, the vital life force flowing through all living beings and natural phenomena²⁹. Taoism views the universe as a dynamic flow of energy and vibrations, where harmony is maintained through the balanced movement of Qi. The Taoist perspective suggests that by aligning oneself with the natural vibrations of the universe, individuals can attain health, vitality, and spiritual harmony. Practices such as Tai Chi and Qigong aim to cultivate and balance these vibrational energies within and around the practitioner.

Modern Interpretations and Scientific Explorations

Contemporary Scientific Perspectives

Modern science has begun to explore the idea that vibrational energy underlies physical and biological systems. Fritjof Capra’s The Web of Life (1998) discusses how biological organisms are interconnected through complex vibrational patterns at cellular and systemic levels³⁰. For instance, research into bio-photon emissions, brain waves, and resonance phenomena suggests that vibrational energy plays a crucial role in maintaining the coherence and interconnectedness of living systems. These scientific insights provide a bridge between ancient spiritual concepts and empirical investigation, supporting the idea that vibrational energy is fundamental to understanding the Self and the universe.

Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences

Cross-Cultural Approaches to Consciousness and Vibrations

F. J. Varela and J. Shear’s work, First-person methodologies³¹ (1999), emphasizes the importance of subjective experience in understanding consciousness across cultures. Different traditions, whether Vedantic, Buddhist, Taoist, or Western scientific, recognize a fundamental vibrational aspect of reality though they interpret and utilize this concept in culturally specific ways. While spiritual traditions often focus on experiential practices like meditation, chanting, or energy work to connect with universal vibrations, scientific approaches seek measurable correlations, such as brain wave synchronization or resonance phenomena, to validate these experiences.

Scientific Foundations and Evidence

Quantum Physics and the Concept of Vibration

Quantum physics provides a scientific framework that suggests the universe is fundamentally composed of vibrational energy at the smallest scales. This perspective aligns with the idea that everything, from particles to consciousness, manifests through vibrational phenomena.

This article explores how quantum mechanics describes particles and fields as manifestations of underlying vibrations³² Beck, F. (2013). It posits that these quantum vibrations form the foundation of physical reality, implying that the universe itself is a vast network of vibrational energies. Such a view supports the notion that universal vibrations are intrinsic to the fabric of existence, providing a scientific basis for understanding how everything, including consciousness and the Self, might be interconnected through vibratory phenomena.

This paper introduces the Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Orch OR) theory³³, which suggests that quantum vibrations within neuronal microtubules are fundamental to the emergence of consciousness. The authors argue that quantum vibrational states are integral to the conscious experience, implying that consciousness itself arises from vibrational processes at the quantum level. This supports the idea that the Self and consciousness are deeply connected to universal vibrational patterns, bridging physics and subjective experience.

Neuroscientific Insights into Consciousness and Vibration

Neuroscience offers insights into how brain activity, neural oscillations, and vibrational states correlate with conscious awareness and self-perception.

Edelman and Tononi discuss the neural correlates of consciousness³⁴ Edelman, G. M.,et al., (2000), emphasizing the role of synchronized neural oscillations brain waves in generating conscious experience. They propose that different vibrational patterns of neural activity give rise to various states of awareness, suggesting that vibrational processes are fundamental to how the Self perceives and interacts with the universe.

This work explores the concept of neural oscillations—rhythmic electrical activity in the brain²⁶and their role in shaping conscious experience³⁵ Basu, M. (2004). The authors argue that these oscillations are not isolated but form a dynamic, vibrational field that embodies the self. The idea is that our consciousness is rooted in these vibratory neural patterns, which resonate with broader universal vibrations, fostering interconnectedness between the Self and the cosmos.

Studies on Energy Fields, Biofields, and Vibrational Medicine

Scientific investigations into biofields and vibrational medicine suggest that subtle energy fields emitted by living organisms can influence health and consciousness.

In pioneering book of The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life Becker, R. O., & Selden, G. (1985). the authors explore how electromagnetic and bioelectric fields govern physiological processes³⁶. They propose that living tissues produce and interact with electromagnetic vibrations biofieldsthat can influence health, healing, and consciousness. This supports the idea that the Self is embedded within a vibrational energy field that extends beyond the physical body.

This book presents evidence from experimental studies indicating the existence of a pervasive energy field sometimes called the Akashic or zero-point field that underpins all matter and consciousness. Laszlo E (2004)  argue that this field comprises vibrational energies that connect everything in the universe³⁷, providing a scientific foundation for the concept of universal vibrations influencing individual and collective consciousness.

The Self and Vibration in Spiritual Practices

Meditation, Prayer, and Mindfulness Practices

Across numerous spiritual traditions worldwide, practices such as meditation, prayer, and mindfulness serve as fundamental tools to foster a profound connection between the individual self and the universal vibration³⁸ (Bégin C, et al 2022) or consciousness. These practices are believed to facilitate a state of harmony where the individual’s inner energy resonates with the larger cosmic or universal vibratory fields. For instance, in Hinduism and Buddhism, meditation techniques aim to quiet the mind and attune the practitioner to subtle energies believed to pervade the universe.

Empirical studies support the notion that such practices enhance feelings of connectedness and inner peace. Jon Kabat-Zinn’s pioneering work on mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) demonstrated that mindfulness practices can significantly reduce stress and promote psychological well-being³⁹ (Kabat-Zinn, 1993). Moreover, neuroscientific research indicates that meditation practitioners often report a sense of unity with life and the universe, which correlates with specific brain activity patterns associated with a heightened state of awareness⁴⁰ (Davidson et al., 2003). These findings suggest that engaging in spiritual practices may facilitate a harmonization with the vibrational patterns of the universe, leading to improved mental health and spiritual fulfillment.

Techniques Aimed at Aligning or Harmonizing with Universal Vibration

Various specific techniques are employed within spiritual practices to attune oneself to the universal vibration. Common methods include the repetition of mantras, controlled breathing, and focused attention. Mantra meditation, for example, involves the repetitive chanting of sacred sounds or phrases believed to carry vibrational energies that resonate with cosmic frequencies⁴¹ (Sharma & Sharma, 2011). This practice is thought to elevate consciousness and induce a state of spiritual receptivity.

Breath control techniques, such as pranayama in yoga, are also used to regulate the flow of life energy (prana), which is often considered to be in harmony with universal vibrations. Focused awareness practices, such as mindfulness meditation, encourage individuals to observe their internal and external experiences without judgment, thereby aligning their mental state with the subtle vibratory patterns of the universe⁴² (Travis & Shear, 2010). Scientific studies have shown that mantra meditation influences brain wave activity, increasing alpha and theta waves—brain states associated with relaxation, calmness, and heightened spiritual receptivity. These methods aim to elevate the practitioner’s consciousness, facilitating a deeper sense of unity with the universal vibratory field.

Theoretical Frameworks Linking Self and Universal Vibration

Emerging theories in cognitive neuroscience and physics propose frameworks that may elucidate aspects of the relationship between the self and ubiquitous oscillatory phenomena. For example, the neural oscillation theory describes brain activity as rhythmic electrical pulses that coordinate cognitive processing and conscious experience (Buzsáki, 2019). This introduces the notion that the self is fundamentally linked to vibratory patterns within the brain’s neural networks. Complementary to this, quantum theories of consciousness hypothesize that microtubule vibrations at the cellular level might contribute to the integration of conscious experience, though these hypotheses remain tentative and subject to empirical validation (Hameroff& Penrose, 2014).

On a cosmological scale, the omnipresent cosmic microwave background radiation represents a form of “universal vibration,” a remnant echo of the Big Bang that fills the universe (Planck Collaboration, 2020). While not directly connected to conscious experience, such phenomena underscore that oscillatory processes operate at all levels of reality, providing a physical substrate from which metaphysical interpretations often arise.

Empirical Evidence of Effects on Well-being and Consciousness

Research examining the effects of practices aimed at aligning with universal vibrations provides evidence of their benefits for mental health and consciousness. For example, Orme-Johnson and Walton (1998) conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis demonstrating that Transcendental Meditation significantly reduces anxiety levels and increases coherence in brain activity patterns indicative of harmonious neural functioning⁴³. Participants practicing such techniques often report enhanced feelings of spiritual connectedness, inner peace, and personal transformation.

Further neuroimaging studies have revealed that meditators attuned to vibrational states show increased activity in brain regions associated with self-awareness and emotional regulation, such as the prefrontal cortex and limbic system⁴⁴ (Ahn& Kim, 2019). These findings suggest that engaging in vibration-based spiritual practices not only promotes psychological well-being but also results in measurable neurophysiological changes. Collectively, these empirical results support the hypothesis that practices designed to harmonize with universal vibrations can positively influence both consciousness and overall health.

The Interrelationship: Theoretical and Empirical Insights

How the Self Interacts with or is Influenced by Universal Vibration

Theoretical Perspectives

From a theoretical standpoint, many philosophical and spiritual traditions conceptualize the self as a microcosmic reflection of the larger universe a macrocosm of universal vibration. According to Vedantic philosophy, the true Self (Atman) is inherently connected to the universal consciousness (Brahman), which is characterized by vibrational energy. This idea suggests that the individual self can resonate with the fundamental frequencies of the cosmos, leading to transformative spiritual experiences (Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, 1963).

Modern interpretations of quantum consciousness further support this view, proposing that consciousness itself may be a manifestation of underlying quantum vibrations permeating the universe. Researchers like Hameroff and Penrose (2014) hypothesize that consciousness arises from quantum processes within neural microtubules, which may resonate with cosmic vibrational fields, thus linking personal awareness with universal energies. This resonance can facilitate states of heightened awareness, spiritual awakening, and inner harmony.

Empirical Evidence

Empirical studies lend support to these theoretical insights by demonstrating that sustained meditative or contemplative practices can influence neural activity in ways suggestive of resonance with universal vibrations. For example, research on long-term meditators indicates increased neural coherence and synchronization across different brain regions, which are associated with a state of unified consciousness and perceptual integration (Lutz et al., 2008). Such neural coherence can be interpreted as the brain’s way of attuning itself to broader energetic fields or vibrations.

Furthermore, EEG and fMRI studies reveal that during deep meditative states, there is an increase in alpha (8–12 Hz) and gamma (30–100 Hz) band activity oscillations linked to relaxed alertness and heightened awareness⁴⁵ (Lutz et al., 2004). These neural signatures are considered markers of a brain that is resonating with higher or universal vibrational frequencies, enabling the practitioner to experience a sense of unity with the cosmos.

Impact on Mental, Emotional, and Spiritual Health

Engagement with universal vibrations through spiritual or meditative practices has notable benefits for mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Numerous studies have shown that mindfulness and vibration-focused practices can reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress by fostering a sense of interconnectedness and purpose⁴⁶ (Keng, Smoski, & Robins, 2011). For instance, mindfulness meditation, which often involves the awareness of subtle vibrations or energies, enhances emotional regulation and resilience, partly by activating neural pathways associated with compassion and acceptance.

On a spiritual level, resonance with universal vibrations often correlates with profound feelings of peace, purpose, and transcendence. Research by Koenig (2012) indicates that individuals reporting mystical or spiritual experiences many involving perceiving themselves as connected to a universal vibrational field also report increased levels of life satisfaction and spiritual fulfillment⁴⁷. These experiences foster a sense of being part of a larger, harmonious whole, which can lead to lasting positive changes in outlook and behavior.

Distinguishing Spiritual Concepts from Empirical Phenomena

It is imperative to maintain a clear boundary between spiritual or metaphysical claims and scientifically grounded phenomena. Spiritual interpretations of universal vibration often invoke notions of energy fields or higher consciousness, concepts that lack operational definitions amenable to empirical testing⁴⁸ (Paul, M., & Jena, L. K. (2022). While such perspectives hold cultural and existential significance, academic inquiry demands adherence to methodologies that prioritize verifiability and reproducibility.

Recent Empirical Findings and Case Studies

Recent peer-reviewed research has advanced understanding of how oscillatory phenomena relate to aspects of self-awareness and consciousness. Electrophysiological studies using EEG and MEG have identified correlations between specific brainwave frequencies, notably gamma oscillations, and heightened states of self-awareness and cognitive integration⁴⁹ (Lundqvist M,et al., 2022). These findings suggest that neural vibrational mechanisms underpin facets of conscious selfhood.

Additionally, psychophysical research has examined how bodily rhythms—such as cardiac and respiratory oscillations—interact dynamically with neural oscillations, revealing a bioelectrical resonance that shapes subjective experience⁵⁰ (Samuels MA 2007). This body-mind coupling indicates that bodily vibrations play a crucial role in embodied self-perception.

In the realm of physics, advancements in measuring quantum coherence and subatomic vibrations have opened avenues to explore potential links between physical oscillations and biological processes. Although promising, direct connections to conscious experience remain speculative and require cautious interpretation⁵¹ (Matarèse BFE,  et al., 2023).

Case studies further illustrate these concepts. For example, Wahbeh H, et, al., (2021) documented individuals experiencing feelings of oneness and expanded awareness during vibrational-focused meditation sessions⁵². Neurophysiological evidence supports these subjective reports, with EEG and fMRI studies showing increased alpha and gamma activity during meditation associated with unity and spiritual insight⁵³ (Magan D, et al., 2019). These findings reinforce the idea that engagement with universal vibrations manifests both subjectively and physiologically, highlighting a complex, multi-level influence of oscillatory phenomena on self-awareness and consciousness.

Contemporary Applications and Implications

Holistic Healing and Alternative Medicine

The idea that universal vibration is interconnected with the self forms a core principle underlying many holistic and alternative healing modalities. These practices operate on the premise that manipulating vibrational frequencies can influence physical health, emotional stability, and spiritual growth. Techniques such as sound therapy, vibrational healing, and energy medicine seek to restore or enhance harmony between individual vibrations and the universal energy field.

For instance, sound healing therapies utilize instruments like tuning forks, singing bowls, and binaural beats to produce specific frequencies. Practitioners believe that these sounds can entrain the body’s vibrational state, promoting relaxation, reducing stress, and alleviating ailments⁵⁴ (Rozman, M., et al., 2017). Modern research supports that exposure to certain sound frequencies can influence brain wave patterns, potentially leading to improved mental states and physiological balance⁵⁵ (Goldsby et al., 2017). This perspective aligns with the broader understanding that vibrational energies are fundamental to health and well-being, encouraging a more integrative approach to healing that complements conventional medicine.

Skepticism from Mainstream Science and Alternative Perspectives

Mainstream scientific paradigms prioritize empirical validation, reproducibility, and adherence to well-established physical laws. Consequently, they remain cautious about vibrational theories that extend beyond conventional physics without rigorous evidence. Skeptical viewpoints emphasize the risk of confirmation bias and the appeal to mystical explanations that lack falsifiability. For example, the proposition that vibrational frequencies can influence reality at a quantum level often extrapolates quantum mechanics concepts beyond legitimate scope.

Nevertheless, there is growing interdisciplinary interest in exploring how subtle energy concepts might intersect with neuroscience, psychology, and medicine in integrative frameworks. Some researchers advocate for a nuanced position acknowledging that while vibrational metaphors may be scientifically immature, they can still offer heuristic value for therapeutic innovation and holistic health perspectives⁵⁶ (Brandmeyer T, et al., 2021). This middle ground encourages open inquiry while demanding methodological rigor.

Personal Growth and Self-Awareness Practices

Many spiritual and self-development practices, including meditation, yoga, and mindfulness, incorporate the concept of universal vibrations as a pathway to deeper self-awareness and spiritual awakening. These practices often involve techniques aimed at attuning one’s internal vibrational state with the universal energy field. For example, meditation focused on vibrational awareness encourages individuals to listen to internal sounds or vibrations, fostering a heightened sense of connection with the universe and oneself⁵⁷ (Kumar & Singh, 2020).

Such practices are believed to facilitate emotional regulation, mental clarity, and inner harmony by aligning personal energy with the broader vibrational field. This alignment is thought to promote self-discovery, inner peace, and spiritual growth, emphasizing that cultivating awareness of one’s vibrational state can lead to transformation and enlightenment. As these practices become increasingly mainstream, they underscore the potential for vibrational awareness to serve as a tool for holistic self-improvement.

Potential Integration into Mainstream Wellness and Psychology

Although the scientific community has traditionally viewed vibrational concepts with skepticism, there is a growing interest in exploring their relevance within mainstream wellness and psychology. Emerging research suggests that vibrational therapies may exert beneficial effects through mechanisms such as placebo responses, neuroplasticity, or modulation of brain wave activity.

For example, studies have shown that exposure to specific sound frequencies can influence neural oscillations associated with relaxation and focus, such as alpha and theta waves⁵⁸ (Kučikienė D,  et al., 2018). This indicates that vibrational modalities might be integrated into therapeutic settings to support stress reduction⁵⁹ (Naragatti S et al.,2019), emotional regulation, and overall mental health. Moreover, interdisciplinary research combining neuroscience, psychology, and vibrational science could help elucidate the underlying mechanisms, paving the way for evidence-based applications.

In the future, embracing vibrational concepts within psychological interventions could lead to innovative approaches that complement traditional therapies, fostering a more holistic understanding of mental health that encompasses energetic and vibrational dimensions.

The effects of meditation and sound therapy

The concept of vibration as a fundamental aspect of the universe and the self has attracted considerable interest across various fields, including physics, metaphysics, psychology, and alternative medicine. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the interrelationship between the self and universal vibration by systematically examining theoretical foundations, empirical studies, and practical applications. A particular focus will be placed on vibrational theories, their implications for selfhood and consciousness, and therapeutic modalities such as meditation and sound therapy⁶⁰ (Schwartz JM,et al., 2005). Crucially, this review incorporates a dedicated section addressing criticisms and limitations of vibrational theories, alongside skepticism from mainstream science, in order to provide a balanced and scholarly analysis.

Theoretical Foundations of Universal Vibration

At the core of vibrational theories is the proposition that all matter and energy in the universe exist as vibrations or oscillations at various frequencies. Rooted historically in the study of wave mechanics and quantum physics, this paradigm extends beyond physical phenomena to encompass subtle energy fields and consciousness⁶¹ (Thakur S. N. et. Al., 2023). Classical physics established that matter is composed of atoms and molecules in constant motion, and more contemporary quantum mechanics reveals wave-particle duality and resonance phenomena fundamental to particles and fields. These discoveries provide a scientific basis for conceptualizing universal vibration.

In metaphysical and philosophical traditions, vibration has been posited as a foundational principle in cosmology and ontology. For instance, ancient Eastern philosophies such as Hinduism and Buddhism metaphorically describe the universe’s underlying unity through vibrational concepts—namely, “Nada Brahma” (the world is sound) and the mantra om, representing universal vibration and consciousness⁶². Modern interpretations extend these ideas, suggesting that the self is not a static entity but dynamic and intricately linked with universal vibrational patterns. Such perspectives assert that consciousness arises from or interacts with vibrational frequencies that permeate the cosmos.

Empirical Evidence: Meditation and Sound Therapy

Meditation and sound therapy exemplify practical approaches predicated on vibrational theories, positing that altering the body’s vibrational state can induce physical and psychological healing. In meditation, controlled breathing, focused attention, and mantra repetition are believed to synchronize the individual’s vibrational frequency with more harmonious patterns, leading to enhanced well-being. Neurophysiological studies employing electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have documented changes in brainwave patterns such as increased alpha and theta waves during meditative states, which correspond to relaxation and altered consciousness^63-64 (Lomas et al., 2015; Tang et al., 2015).

Sound therapy utilizes acoustic frequencies, including music, vocal toning, and tuning forks, to promote health. Research has shown that particular frequencies can stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, reduce cortisol levels, and enhance mood states^65-66 (Goldstein DS 2023; LL Chlan et al., 2007). Clinical trials on sound vibration therapies have demonstrated improvements in pain management, stress reduction, and sleep quality⁶⁷ (Bidonde J, et al., 2017). These findings lend empirical support to the viability of vibrational interventions and their plausible mechanisms involving entrainment of physiological and neurological rhythms.

Challenges and Critiques of Vibrational Theories

Methodological and Conceptual Critiques

• The term “vibration” is often used ambiguously or metaphorically without precise definitions, risking pseudoscience.
• Lack of clear operational parameters makes it difficult to distinguish physical vibrations (e.g., sound waves) from spiritual or metaphorical ones.
• This ambiguity hampers testability and scientific validation.

Scientific Skepticism

• Mainstream science remains cautious, citing a lack of reproducible evidence linking universal vibrations to health or consciousness.
• Positive effects from meditation and sound therapy may stem from known psychological mechanisms like relaxation or placebo effects, not vibrational phenomena.

Methodological Limitations:

• Many studies suffer from small sample sizes, absence of control groups, and inconsistent protocols.
• Heterogeneity in outcome measures complicates meta-analyses.
• There is a need for rigorous randomized controlled trials, standardized interventions, and objective biomarkers.

Validity and Evidence Concerns:

• Much research is anecdotal or based on subjective reports, limiting reliability.
• The lack of robust empirical data hinders acceptance within the scientific community.

Conceptual Ambiguities:

• Terms like “self,” “universal vibration,” and “consciousness” are variably defined across disciplines and cultures.
• This lack of standardization impairs experimental design and data interpretation.
• Clarifying these concepts with operational definitions is crucial for advancing research and fostering interdisciplinary understanding.

Future research should employ rigorous methods, utilizing objective measures like EEG, HRV, and fMRI to explore neural and physiological correlates of vibrational experiences. Controlled randomized trials with proper control groups are essential to distinguish genuine effects from placebo. Cross-cultural studies can clarify universal versus cultural aspects. Integrating neuroscience, psychology, physics, and spirituality, along with long-term investigations, will help establish scientifically validated, evidence-based practices related to the self and universal vibrations.

Critical Engagement with Counterarguments and Empirical Evidence

• The topic invites nuanced exploration, especially through rigorous empirical scrutiny and counterarguments.
• Proponents argue that the self is connected to a universal vibration, suggesting a holistic unity of consciousness and metaphysical substrate.
• However, this view often relies on metaphysical assertions lacking strong empirical support.
• Critical engagement requires acknowledging the scientific need for reproducible evidence.
• Skeptics highlight that claims about universal vibration often conflate metaphorical language with physical phenomena.
• Current neuroscience and physics research does not substantiate the existence of a universal vibrational frequency affecting consciousness measurably.
• Psychological studies focus on neurobiological and cognitive processes without referencing universal vibrations.
• To advance understanding, future research should adopt rigorous, interdisciplinary methodologies.
• Quantitative approaches using neuroimaging, biophysics, and experimental psychology can clarify the proposed interrelationship.
• Such efforts will foster a scientifically credible dialogue that balances metaphysical perspectives with empirical standards.

CONCLUSION

This review highlights the complex relationship between the Self and universal vibrations, integrating insights from spiritual traditions, philosophy, and science. Key findings include:

Interdisciplinary Interconnection: Eastern philosophies such as Hinduism and Buddhism suggest the Self is linked to universal energy fields through vibrations. Attuning to these vibrations can deepen understanding and promote spiritual enlightenment.

Meditative and Spiritual Practices: Techniques like mantra chanting and sound meditation have been shown to influence mental states, fostering relaxation, focus, and spiritual awakening. These practices demonstrate that human consciousness can resonate with universal frequencies, impacting physical and psychological health.

Neuroscientific Evidence: Brain imaging studies reveal that practices aligning with vibrations induce changes in neural activity related to awareness, emotion regulation, and consciousness. This provides scientific validation for subjective vibrational experiences and suggests a physiological basis for perceiving and connecting with universal energies.

Complexity of the Relationship: The interplay between subjective feelings of connectedness and objective neural measures underscores the multifaceted nature of this relationship. Although much remains to be explored, existing evidence indicates a meaningful link deserving further investigation.

Implications and Future Directions: Understanding this relationship can deepen consciousness studies, improve mental health, and foster holistic healing. Bridging spiritual teachings with scientific research promotes greater acceptance of vibrational practices. Future research should focus on advanced neuroimaging, longitudinal clinical trials, cross-cultural studies, and technological innovations to enhance accessibility and understanding of vibrational phenomena.

This synthesis emphasizes the importance of continued exploration into how the Self interacts with universal vibrations, promising insights into human consciousness and the fabric of reality.

REFERENCES

1. Schwartz JM, Stapp HP, Beauregard M. Quantum physics in neuroscience and psychology: a neurophysical model of mind-brain interaction. Philos Trans R SocLond B Biol Sci. 2005 Jun 29;360(1458):1309-27. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1598. PMID: 16147524; PMCID: PMC1569494.
2. Domuschiev, Ivan. (2025). The essence of the human soul from a scientific perspective. 10.13140/RG.2.2.12544.96005.
3. Laszlo, E. (2007). Science and the Akashic Field: An Integral Theory of Everything (p. 25, 31, 35-37, 39-51, 63-70, 91, 118-122). Inner Traditions/Bear & Co.
4. Meijer, Dirk. (2025). Universal Spectrum of Self-Transcendent Mystical Experiences as Transformative Psi- Phenomena, Part 1 : The Relation with Universal Consciousness and Sonic Coherence.
5. Greeson JM, Webber DM, Smoski MJ, Brantley JG, Ekblad AG, Suarez EC, Wolever RQ. Changes in spirituality partly explain health-related quality of life outcomes after Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction. J Behav Med. 2011 Dec;34(6):508-18. doi: 10.1007/s10865-011-9332-x. Epub 2011 Mar 1. PMID: 21360283; PMCID: PMC3151546.
6. Gallagher, Shaun. (2000). Gallagher, S. 2000. Philosophical Conceptions of the Self: Implications for Cognitive Science. Trends in cognitive sciences. 4. 14-21. 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01417-5.
7. Damasio, Antonio. (2010). Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain.
8. Northoff G, Bermpohl F. Cortical midline structures and the self. Trends Cogn Sci. 2004 Mar;8(3):102-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.004. PMID: 15301749.
9. Chalmers, D. J. (1996). The conscious mind: In search of a fundamental theory.(2^nd edition) Oxford University Press.
10. Husserl, E. (1931). Ideas: General introduction to pure phenomenology (W. R. B. Gibson, Trans.). George Allen &Unwin. (Original work published in 1913)
11. Tiller, W. A. (2007). Science and the Akashic field (Updated 2nd ed.). Pemba Press.
12. Mandel, M., & Smith, J. (2021). Oscillatory phenomena in physical systems: A review. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 54(23), 233001.
13. Buzsáki, G. (2006). *Rhythms of the Brain*. Oxford University Press.
14. Penrose, R., &Hameroff, S. (2011). Orch-OR: The role of quantum vibrations in consciousness. *Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A*, 369(1952), 459–476.
15. Tortora, G. J., &Derrickson, B. H. (2014). *Principles of Anatomy and Physiology* (14th ed.). Wiley.
16. Tolle, E. (2005). A new earth: Awakening to your life’s purpose. Michael Joseph
17. Capra, Fritjof (1975). The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism. Boston: Shambhala.
18. The Principal Upanisads. Translated and edited by S. Radhakrishnan. (Muirhead Library of Philosophy, Allen and Unwin, London. 1953. Pp. 958.
19. James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology, Vol. 1.Henry Holt and Co. https://doi.org/10.1037/10538-000
20. Chant, Sylvia (2014) Exploring the “feminisation of poverty” in relation to women’s work and home-based enterprise in slums of the Global South. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 6 (3). pp. 296-316. ISSN 1756-6266 DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-09-2012-0035 © 2014 Emerald Group Publishing Limited This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64510/
21. Penrose, R. (2004) The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe. Jonathan Cape, London.
22. Hameroff S, Penrose R. Consciousness in the universe: a review of the ‘Orch OR’ theory. Phys Life Rev. 2014 Mar;11(1):39-78. doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2013.08.002. Epub 2013 Aug 20. PMID: 24070914.
23. Buzsáki, G. (2019). The brain from inside out.Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190905385.001.0001
24. Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Ashdown, M., Zonca, A., et al. (2021). Planck 2018 results: VI. Cosmological parameters (Corrigendum). Astronomy and Astrophysics, 652, C4. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833910e
25. Piegl, L. and Tiller, W. (2001) Parametrization for Surface Fitting in Reverse Engineering. Computer-Aided Design, 33, 593-603.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4485(00)00103-2
26. Wilber, K. (2000). Integral psychology: Consciousness, spirit, psychology, therapy.Shambhala Publications.
27. Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, & Morris, B. (2001). Science of being and art of living: Transcendental meditation(1st Plume paperback ed.). Plume. (Original work published 1963)
28. Hanh, T. N. (1999). The heart of the Buddha’s teaching: Transforming suffering into peace, joy, and liberation(Revised ed.). Broadway Books. (Original work published 1998)
29. Lao Tzu. (2006). Tao TehChing(English ed., paperback). Shambhala Publications Inc.
30. Capra, F. (1998). The web of life: A new understanding of living systems. Complexity, 3(5), 50–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0526(199805/06)3:53.0.CO;2-M
31. Varela, F., & Shear, J. (1999). First-Person Methodologies: What, Why, How? Journal Consciousness Studies, 6, 1-14.
32. Hundt, P. M., van Reijzen, M. E., & Beck, R. D. (2013). PC01 PC02. Chimia, 67, 570-588.
33. Hameroff S, Penrose R. Consciousness in the universe: a review of the ‘Orch OR’ theory. Phys Life Rev. 2014 Mar;11(1):39-78. doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2013.08.002. Epub 2013 Aug 20. PMID: 24070914.
34. Edelman, G. M., &Tononi, G. (2000). A universe of consciousness: How matter becomes imagination.Basic Books.
35. Basu, M. (2004). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.29173/cmplct8718
36. Becker, R.O. and Selden, G. (1985) The Body Electric, Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life. William Morrow & Co., New York.
37. Laszlo, E. (2004). Science and the Akashic field: An integral theory of everything. Inner Traditions, ISBN 9781594770425 (ISBN10: 1594770425)
38. Bégin C, Berthod J, Martinez LZ, Truchon M. Use of Mobile Apps and Online Programs of Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Training in Workers: A Scoping Review. J TechnolBehav Sci. 2022;7(4):477-515. doi: 10.1007/s41347-022-00267-1. Epub 2022 Sep 6. PMID: 36091081; PMCID: PMC9444703.
39. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1993) Mindfulness Meditation: Health Benefits of an Ancient Buddhist Practice. In: Goleman, D. and Garin, J., Eds., Mind/Body Medicine, Consumer Reports, Yonkers, New York, 257-276.
40. Davidson RJ, Kabat-Zinn J, Schumacher J, Rosenkranz M, Muller D, Santorelli SF, Urbanowski F, Harrington A, Bonus K, Sheridan JF. Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosom Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;65(4):564-70. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000077505.67574.e3. PMID: 12883106.
41. Sharma, M., Sharma, N., &Yadava, A. (2011). Parental styles and depression among adolescents. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 37(1), 60–68.
42. Travis F, Shear J. Focused attention, open monitoring and automatic self-transcending: Categories to organize meditations from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese traditions. Conscious Cogn. 2010 Dec;19(4):1110-8. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.01.007. Epub 2010 Feb 18. PMID: 20167507.
43. Orme-Johnson DW, Walton KG. All approaches to preventing or reversing effects of stress are not the same. Am J Health Promot. 1998 May-Jun;12(5):297-9. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-12.5.297. PMID: 10181138.
44. Ahn EJ, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Choi HR, Kang H, Bang SR. Comparison of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia in terms of mortality and complications in elderly patients with hip fracture: a nationwide population-based study. BMJ Open. 2019 Sep 9;9(9):e029245. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029245. PMID: 31501111; PMCID: PMC6738684.
45. Lutz A, Greischar LL, Rawlings NB, Ricard M, Davidson RJ. Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice. ProcNatlAcadSci U S A. 2004 Nov 16;101(46):16369-73. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0407401101. Epub 2004 Nov 8. PMID: 15534199; PMCID: PMC526201.
46. Keng SL, Smoski MJ, Robins CJ. Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: a review of empirical studies. ClinPsychol Rev. 2011 Aug;31(6):1041-56. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006. Epub 2011 May 13. PMID: 21802619; PMCID: PMC3679190.
47. Koenig HG. Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications. ISRN Psychiatry. 2012 Dec 16;2012:278730. doi: 10.5402/2012/278730. PMID: 23762764; PMCID: PMC3671693.
48. Paul, M., & Jena, L. K. (2022). Workplace spirituality, teachers’ professional well-being and mediating role of positive psychological capital: An empirical validation in the Indian context. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-08-2021-0163
49. Lundqvist M, Wutz A. New methods for oscillation analyses push new theories of discrete cognition. Psychophysiology. 2022 May;59(5):e13827. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13827. Epub 2021 May 4. PMID: 33942323; PMCID: PMC11475370.
50. Samuels MA. The brain-heart connection. Circulation. 2007 Jul 3;116(1):77-84. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678995. PMID: 17606855.
51. Matarèse BFE, Rusin A, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Quantum Biology and the Potential Role of Entanglement and Tunneling in Non-Targeted Effects of Ionizing Radiation: A Review and Proposed Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Nov 17;24(22):16464. doi: 10.3390/ijms242216464. PMID: 38003655; PMCID: PMC10671017.
52. Wahbeh H, Fry N, Speirn P, Hrnjic L, Ancel E, Niebauer E. Qualitative analysis of first-person accounts of noetic experiences. F1000Res. 2021 Jun 25;10:497. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.52957.3. PMID: 36017375; PMCID: PMC9364752.
53. Magan D, Yadav RK, Bal CS, Mathur R, Pandey RM. Brain Plasticity and Neurophysiological Correlates of Meditation in Long-Term Meditators: A ¹⁸Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study Based on an Innovative Methodology. J Altern Complement Med. 2019 Dec;25(12):1172-1182. doi: 10.1089/acm.2019.0167. Epub 2019 Sep 26. PMID: 31556688.
54. Rozman, M., Treven, S., & Cancer, V. (2017). Motivation and Satisfaction of Employees in the Workplace. Business Systems Research, 8, 14-25.https://doi.org/10.1515/bsrj-2017-0013
55. Goldsby TL, Goldsby ME, McWalters M, Mills PJ. Effects of Singing Bowl Sound Meditation on Mood, Tension, and Well-being: An Observational Study. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jul;22(3):401-406. doi: 10.1177/2156587216668109. Epub 2016 Sep 30. PMID: 27694559; PMCID: PMC5871151.
56. Brandmeyer T, Delorme A. Meditation and the Wandering Mind: A Theoretical Framework of Underlying Neurocognitive Mechanisms. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2021 Jan;16(1):39-66. doi: 10.1177/1745691620917340. Epub 2020 Jun 29. PMID: 32598855; PMCID: PMC7769998.
57. Singh, S., Kumar, R., Panchal, R., &Tiwari, M. K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Logistics Systems and Disruptions in Food Supply Chain. International Journal of Production Research, 1-16.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1792000
58. Kučikienė D, Praninskienė R. The impact of music on the bioelectrical oscillations of the brain. Acta Med Litu. 2018;25(2):101-106. doi: 10.6001/actamedica.v25i2.3763. PMID: 30210244; PMCID: PMC6130927.
59. Naragatti S, Hiregoudar NK. Brahma KumarisSahaj Raj-Yoga Meditation – As a Tool to Manage Various Levels of Stress. J Adv Res Ayur Yoga UnaniSiddHomeo 2019; 6(1&2): 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2394.6547.201901
60. Schwartz JM, Stapp HP, Beauregard M. Quantum physics in neuroscience and psychology: a neurophysical model of mind-brain interaction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2005 Jun 29;360(1458):1309-27. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1598. PMID: 16147524; PMCID: PMC1569494.
61. Thakur, S. N. (2023, December). A journey into existence, oscillations, and the vibrational universe: Unveiling the origin. Tagore’s Electronic Lab. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.12304.79361
62. Adhikari, S. K., & Mehera, C. (2022). Nāda (Primordial Sound) to Svara (Tones or Musical Notes) in Indian Classical Music. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 9(1). https://www.ijiset.com
63. Lomas T, Ivtzan I, Fu CH. A systematic review of the neurophysiology of mindfulness on EEG oscillations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Oct;57:401-10. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.018. Epub 2015 Oct 9. PMID: 26441373.
64. Tang YY, Hölzel BK, Posner MI. The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015 Apr;16(4):213-25. doi: 10.1038/nrn3916. Epub 2015 Mar 18. PMID: 25783612.
65. Goldstein DS. Stress and the autonomic nervous system. Auton Neurosci. 2023 Jul;247:103096. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103096. Epub 2023 May 10. PMID: 37257231.
66. Chlan LL, Engeland WC, Anthony A, Guttormson J. Influence of music on the stress response in patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support: a pilot study. Am J Crit Care. 2007 Mar;16(2):141-5. PMID: 17322014.
67. Bidonde J, Busch AJ, van der Spuy I, Tupper S, Kim SY, Boden C. Whole body vibration exercise training for fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Sep 26;9(9):CD011755. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011755.pub2. PMID: 28950401; PMCID: PMC6483692.