Spirit of the Kyoto Protocol for Environmental Sustainability: An Islamic Perspective

This study presents the spirit embodied in the Kyoto Protocol agreement, as a global call to industrialized countries regarding climate change, to collectively agree and take responsibility for ensuring the sustainability of life on Earth by regulating and reducing carbon emissions so that the natural ecosystem remains preserved and balanced. The main subject of life on Earth is human beings; therefore, the beneficiaries of the Kyoto Protocol are all of humanity. This aligns with Islamic teachings, which position humans as holders of successive authority of Allah on Earth, tasked with preserving and prospering the planet. Islam, through its teachings, provides moral and spiritual guidance to humanity to protect ecosystems and sustain life on Earth. These teachings aim to uphold values and apply them in life to establish a balance between physical, social, economic, moral, and spiritual aspects. This study shows a clear connection between the spirit of the Kyoto Protocol and the spirit of Islamic teachings concerning the command to preserve the Earth.

Kyoto Protocol, climate change, environment, earth, Islamic teaching

1. Al-Maktabah al-Shamilah. https://shamela.wa. Version 4.0, 1446. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Al-Razi, Fakhruddin. 2003. Al-Tafsir al-Kabir aw Mafatih al-Ghayb. Cairo: Al-Maktabah al-Tawfiqiyah. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah. 2018. Al-Tafsir al-Munir fi al-Aqidah wa al-Shari’ah wa al-Manhaj. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Andreja Cirman et al., “The Kyoto Protocol in a Global Perspective,” Economic and Business Review 11, no. 1 (2009), https://doi.org/10.15458/2335-4216.1259. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. An-Nuwayri, Shihabuddin. 1923. Nihayat al-Arb fi Funun al-Adab. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyah. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Daniel Murdiyarso, “Special Feature on the Kyoto Protocol Implications of the Kyoto Protocol: Indonesia’s Perspective,” International Review for Environmental Strategies, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2004. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Diogenes, “Prinsip-Prinsip Yang Terdapat Di Dalam Konvensi Dan Protokol Perubahan Iklim Dan Tanggung Jawab Negara-Negara Khususnya Negara Maju,” Justitia Jurnal Hukum, Vol 4, no. 1 (April 2020): 39–56. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Firdaus Muhamad Iqbal and Neni Ruhaeni, “Pengaturan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Berdasarkan Protokol Kyoto dan Implementasinya di Indonesia,” Jurnal Dinamika Global 7, no. 2 (2022). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Günther Handl, “Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Declaration), 1972 and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 1992 - English,” United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, 2012, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Indonesia Environment & Energy Center. “Upaya Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup”. https://environment-indonesia.com/articles/upaya-pelestarian-lingkungan-hidup/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Johan Rockström et al. 2009. “Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity,” Ecology and Society 14, no. 2 (2009). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Josephine Nwanneka Okoli and Amaechi Comfort Ifeakor. 2014. “An Overview of Climate Change and Food Security: Adaptation Strategies and Mitigation Measures in Nigeria,” Journal of Education and Practice 5, no. 32 (2014): 13–20, www.iiste.org. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Kementerian Agama RI. 2020. Al-Qur’an dan Tafsirnya. Jakarta: Lentera Abadi. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Lindungi Hutan. 2022. “Protokol Kyoto: Komitmen Dunia dalam Misi Menyelamatkan Bumi”. 20/11/2022. https://lindungihutan.com/blog/protokol-kyoto-dan-mekanismenya/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Nada Maamoun. 2019. “The Kyoto Protocol: Empirical Evidence of a Hidden Success”,. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. Volume 95, May 2019, Pages 227-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2019.04.001 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. United Nations Climate Security Mechanism Bridging Climate Action, Peace and Security. 2023. “About the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.” https://www.un.org/climatesecuritymechanism/en/united-nations-framework-convention-climate-change-unfccc-and-climate-peace-and-security. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Data Integration in Malaysian Syariah Courts: A Study of Challenges and Solutions
• The Concept of Family Well-Being from the Perspectives of Islam, Western Thought and Malaysia Madani
• Leveraging AI Tools for Islamic Scholarship: Podcast and eBook Innovations in Teaching the Sunni Intellectual Tradition
• Cryptocurrency and Shariah: Analyzing the Implications of Islamic Jurisprudence on Bitcoin and its Ethical Framework
• Islamic Credit Card and its Value-Based Proposition: A Perspective from Maqasid Al-Shariah