Digitalising Post-Pandemic Governance of Public Markets:A Smart Card System Model for Participatory Monitoring of Informal Traders

The governance of public markets (pasar rakyat) in Indonesia continues to exhibit structural weaknesses that remained unresolved into the post-pandemic period. This article examines these weaknesses through Panorama Market, the largest traditional market in Bengkulu City, treated as a paradigmatic single case. The market is characterised by limited information transparency, decision-making that frequently marginalises traders, and a civil lawsuit filed by the Bengkulu City branch of the Indonesian Market Traders Association (APPSI) in May 2024. The study adopts an embedded mixed-methods design (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2018) in which a systematic literature review (SLR) conducted under the PRISMA 2020 protocol (Page et al., 2021) covering 47 articles indexed in Scopus (Q1–Q3) and SINTA (S1–S2) and published between 2020 and 2025 serves as the dominant method, while an embedded field case study of Panorama Market supplies both qualitative evidence (in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentary analysis) and quantitative administrative data (levy trends, trader numbers, and locally generated revenue, PAD). The field data show market levy receipts contracting from IDR 800,945,000 in 2020 to IDR 750,000,000 in 2023, with PAD realisation reaching only about 60% of target by August 2024; notably, per-trader levy yield fell by roughly 22.5% even as the registered trader population grew by 20.8%, pointing to systemic leakage rather than a demand shock alone. Synthesising both strands, the authors propose the Smart Card System (Sistem Kartu Pintar, SKP), a conceptual digital governance architecture composed of five interlinked components. The model is offered as a transferable prototype whose replicability should be established through expert validation and pilot implementation before any wider or national roll-out is asserted.

digital market governance; smart card system; informal traders; public participation; post-COVID-19; embedded mixed methods.

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