Epidemiological and Demographic Trends of Snakebites in Mwingi Sub-County, Kenya

Snake envenomation remains a public health problem in Mwingi Sub-County, Kenya. This study analysed the epidemiological and demographic trends of snakebites in the sub-county. A cross-sectional mixed-methods design was used. Structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from 100 snakebite survivors, and interviews were conducted with 40 purposively selected key informants to provide qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively (descriptive statistics), and qualitative data were analysed thematically. The results revealed high exposure to snakes, with most participants reporting 1 bite; however, some also reported multiple bites.
The findings identified cobras as the most commonly reported snake species involved in snakebite incidents in Kitui County. Few incidents were reported, with higher rates at home and in the afternoon, and increased occurrence during the dry season. All age groups were affected; sufferers were mostly over 55, with males outnumbering females. The study found that the distribution of snakebites in the Mwingi area is detectable, i.e., demographic, geographical, temporal and seasonal patterns exist. The study also recommends targeted community awareness, surveillance, and prevention measures that focus on high-risk populations and environments.

Snakebite envenomation; epidemiological trends; demographic patterns

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