Iot-Based Smart Aeroponics Vertical Farming System for Optimized Plant Growth

This paper presents the design and development of an IoT-based smart aeroponics vertical farming system intended to improve plant growth efficiency through continuous microclimate monitoring, automation, and optimized water–nutrient delivery. The system integrates Arduino Uno as the main controller with sensors including a light-dependent resistor (LDR), DHT11 temperature–humidity sensor, ultrasonic water-level sensor, and electromechanical actuators such as a water pump and solenoid valve. IoT connectivity is enabled through the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, interfacing with the Blynk platform for real-time monitoring, data logging, and remote operation. The vertical tower design incorporates a multi-layered aeroponic structure allowing 7 plants per column while minimizing land usage, water consumption, and human intervention. Hardware development includes fabrication of the aeroponic tower, nutrient delivery system, and automated water-refill mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate effective luminance-based irrigation control, humidity–temperature notifications, autonomous water-level regulation, and successful plant growth over a 7-day trial using green beans. The system achieved reliable environmental sensing, responsive actuation, and stable communication with the IoT server. The findings highlight the potential of low-cost IoT-enabled aeroponics as a sustainable agricultural approach for urban environments. Recommendations for system enhancement and scalability are also discussed.

Aeroponics, Internet of Things (IoT), Vertical Farming, Smart Irrigation, Environmental Monitoring

1. Alvarez, P., & Gomez, R. (2020). Vertical farming and controlled environment agriculture: A review. Urban Agriculture Review, 7(1), 11–29. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Bottoms, M., Emerson, S., Satnick, R., & Tenhunfeld, D. (2015). What do plants need to grow? [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Coconauts. (n.d.). Simple automatic watering system with Arduino. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Debasis, B., & Jaydip, S. (2011). Internet of Things. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Emily, S. (2010). Nutritious potato: A global source of sustainable food and income. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Han, J., & Li, X. (2020). Wireless sensor networks for greenhouse monitoring. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 16(4), 55–68. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Instructables. (n.d.). Automated gardening system with Blynk and Arduino. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Jones, J. B. (2014). Hydroponics: A practical guide for the soilless grower. CRC Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Kim, D., Park, J., & Lee, S. (2019). Smart irrigation management using IoT sensors. Sensors and Systems, 28(4), 88–99. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. NASA. (n.d.). Aeroponics growth studies. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Porter, J., & Wescott, S. (2018). IoT applications in precision agriculture. Smart Farming Journal, 12(3), 44–59. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Rani, S., & Singh, A. (2021). Aeroponics: Innovative technology for sustainable crop production. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 45(2), 134–148. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Resh, H. M. (2013). Hydroponic food production. CRC Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Sharma, N., Acharya, S., Kumar, K., & Singh, N. (2018). Hydroponics as an advanced technique for vegetable production. Current Agriculture Research Journal, 6(2), 123–135. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Vertical-Farming.net. (n.d.). Aeroponics system overview. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• The Impact Of UI/UX Design on User Trust and Task Completion in Civic Tech Platforms
• Solar Cell Photovoltaic Model Shell Sp 75
• Development of an Intelligent Traffic Management System to Address Visibility Obstruction at Urban Intersections: A Case Study of Ibadan Metropolis
• Optimum Placement of Facts Devices on an Interconnected Power Systems Using Particle Swarm Optimisation Technique
• Assessing Construction Transformation and Implication on Future Production Flow System