The Influences of Malaysian Intention to Adopt Electric Vehicles (EVs)

The study overview of the current automotive market in Malaysia, emphasizing the need for a transition to electric mobility to reduce carbon emissions and dependency on fossil fuels. The problem statement stresses the necessity of identifying the factors influencing Malaysian consumers' intention to adopt EVs, noting the potential economic and environmental benefits of widespread EV adoption. The research questions focus on the consumers' intention to adopt EVs and aim to evaluate the key determinants of EV adoption among Malaysian consumers. The scope and limitations of the study specify that it concentrates on consumers in South zone of Malaysia and employs the final version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM 1.0) by Venkatesh and Davis (1996). The study will distribute questionnaires to a representative sample of 345 respondents, and the findings will be generalized to the regional context. Limitations include the regional focus and potential variations in consumer behaviour across different areas. The significance of the study lies in providing insights into the factors driving EV adoption, which can inform policymakers, automakers, and stakeholders in developing effective strategies for promoting EV usage. This research serves as a valuable reference for understanding consumer behaviour towards EVs and supporting the transition to sustainable mobility in south zone of Malaysia.

electric vehicles, purchase intention

1. Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M., Lohmann, S., & Albarracín, D. (2008). The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior. In The Handbook of Attitudes (pp. 173-221). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Alanazi, F. (2023). Electric vehicles: Benefits, challenges, and potential solutions for widespread adaptation. Applied Sciences, 13(10), 6016. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106016 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Alganad, A. M. N., Isa, N. M., & Fauzi, W. I. M. (2023). Why people do not purchase green cars in Malaysia: The influence of consumption values on consumers’ attitude towards green cars. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 12, 101007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.101007 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Alwadain, A., Fati, S. M., Ali, K., & Ali, R. F. (2024). From theory to practice: An integrated TTF-UTAUT study on electric vehicle adoption behavior. PLoS ONE, 19(3), e0297890. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297890 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Amin, A., Tareen, W.U.K., Usman, M., Ali, H., Bari, I., Horan, B.; Mekhilef, S.; Asif, M., Ahmed, S., & Mahmood, A. (2020). A Review of Optimal Charging Strategy for Electric Vehicles under Dynamic Pricing Schemes in the Distribution Charging Network. Sustainability, 12, 10160, doi:10.3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Barth, M., Jugert, P., & Fritsche, I. (2016). Still underdetected: Social norms and collective efficacy predict the acceptance of electric vehicles in Germany. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 37, 64–77. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Bennett, R., & Vijaygopal, R. (2018). Consumer attitudes towards electric vehicles. European Journal of Marketing, 52(3/4), 499–527. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2016-0538 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Broadbent, G. H., Drozdzewski, D., & Metternicht, G. (2017). Electric vehicle adoption: An analysis of best practice and pitfalls for policy making from experiences of Europe and the US. Geography Compass, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12358 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Bryła, P., Chatterjee, S., & Ciabiada-Bryła, B. (2022). Consumer Adoption of Electric Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review. Energies, 16(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010205 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models. Management Science, 35(8), 9821003. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Davis, F.D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13, 319–340. (TAM) [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Dasharathraj, K.S., Smaran, S., Lewlyn, R.R., Nithesh, N., Chetana, B.M., Namesh, M., & Nilakshman, S. (2020). Barriers to widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in emerging Asian markets: An analysis of consumer behavioral attitudes and perceptions. Cogent Engineering, 7, 1796198. doi: 10.1080/23311916.2020.1796198 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Dutta, B., & Hwang, H.G. (2021). Consumers’ Purchase Intentions of Green Electric Vehicle: The Influence of Consumers’ Technological and Environmental Considerations. Sustainability, 13, 12025. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112025 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Egbue, O., & Long, S. (2012). Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: An analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions. Energy Policy, 48, 717–729. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Gallo, M., & Marinelli, M. (2020). Sustainable Mobility: A review of possible actions and policies. Hamed Khazaei, Ali Khazaei. (2016). Electric Vehicles and Factors That Influencing Their Adoption Moderating Effects of Driving Experience and Voluntariness of Use (Conceptual Framework). https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1812036065 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Hardman, S., Chandan, A., Tal, G., & Turrentine, T. (2017). The effectiveness of financial purchase incentives for battery electric vehicles – A review of the evidence. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, 1100–1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.255 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Hidrue, M. K., Parsons, G. R., Kempton, W., & Gardner, M. P. (2011). Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and their attributes. Resource and Energy Economics, 33(3), 686–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2011.02.002 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Higueras-Castillo, E., Singh, V., Singh, V., & Liébana-Cabanillas, F. (2023). Factors affecting adoption intention of electric vehicle: a cross-cultural study. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03865-y [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Hoang, T. T., Pham, T. H., & Vu, T. M. H. (2022). Examining customer purchase decision towards battery electric vehicles in Vietnam market: A combination of self-interested and pro-environmental approach. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2141671 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Huang, T. (2023). Psychological factors affecting potential users’ intention to use autonomous vehicles. PLoS ONE, 18(3), e0282915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282915 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Jensen, R. H., Svangren, M. K., Skov, M., & Kjeldskov, J. (2019). Investigating EV driving as meaningful practice. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Investigating-EV- [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Kalhoro, M., Yong, H. N. A., & Spr, C. R. (2021). Understanding the Factors Affecting Pro-Environment Behavior for city rail transport usage: Territories’ Empirical Evidence—Malaysia. Sustainability, 13(22), 12483. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212483 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Kim, S., & Park, H. J. (2011). Effects of social influence on consumers’ voluntary adoption of innovations prompted by others. Journal of Business Research, 64(11), 1190–1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.06.021 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Kihm, A., & Trommer, S. (2014). The new car market for electric vehicles and the potential for fuel substitution. Energy Policy, 73, 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.05.021 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Krishnan, V. V., & Koshy, B. I. (2021). Evaluating the factors influencing purchase intention of electric vehicles in households owning conventional vehicles. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(3), 1122– 1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.05.013 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Lashari, Z. A., Ko, J., & Jang, J. (2021). Consumers’ intention to purchase electric vehicles: Influences of user attitude and perception. Sustainability, 13(12), 6778. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126778 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Lim, Y.J., Perumal, S., & Ahmad, N. (2019). The Antecedents of Green Car Purchase Intention among Malaysian Consumers. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 4(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2019.4.2.27. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Malaysian Automotive Association. (2023). Sales & Production Statistics. McKinsey & Company. (2023, February 6) What is an EV?. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-is-an-ev [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Müller, J. M. (2019). Comparing Technology Acceptance for Autonomous Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Car Sharing—A Study across Europe, China, and North America. Sustainability, 11(16), 4333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164333 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Muzir, N. a. Q., Mojumder, M. R. H., Hasanuzzaman, M., & Selvaraj, J. (2022). Challenges of electric vehicles and their prospects in Malaysia: A Comprehensive review. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Challenges-of-Electric-Vehicles-and-Their-Prospects-Muzir-Mojumder/dda36501ae124fc9c953753447d2a844d90bfb0b [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Nayak, J. K. (2015). Fundamentals of Research Methodology: Problems and Prospects. ResearchGate. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Plötz, P., Schneider, U., Globisch, J., & Dütschke, E. (2014). Who will buy electric vehicles? Identifying early adopters in Germany. Transportation Research. Part a, Policy and Practice, 67, 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.06.006 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Rey-Moreno, M., Periáñez-Cristóbal, R., & Calvo-Mora, A. (2022). Reflections on sustainable urban mobility, Mobility as a Service (MAAS) and adoption models. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health/International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 274. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010274 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Roberts, J. A. (1995). Profiling Levels of Socially Responsible Consumer Behavior: A cluster analytic approach and its Implications for marketing. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 3(4), 97–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.1995.11501709 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Stone, R. W., & Baker-Eveleth, L. (2013). Students’ expectation, confirmation, and continuance intention to use electronic textbooks. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 984– 990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.007 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Thean, B.K., Hon, T.H., & Abu, B.S. (2023). The Role of Environmental Concern in PostPurchase Satisfaction among Green Car Owners in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(4), 384-398. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Tiwari, V., Aditjandra, P., & Dissanayake, D. (2020). Public Attitudes towards Electric Vehicle adoption using Structural Equation Modelling. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 1615–1634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.203 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Trivedi, J. P., & Kishore, K. (2020). Investigating the factors influencing consumers’ purchase intention for electric cars: an emerging market perspective. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 20(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2020.109137 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (1996). A Model of the Antecedents of Perceived Ease of Use: Development and Test. Decision Sciences, 27(3), 451-481. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186204. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. Wang, S., Li, J., & Zhao, D. (2017). The impact of policy measures on consumer intention to adopt electric vehicles: Evidence from China. Transportation Research. Part a, Policy and Practice, 105, 14–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.08.013 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Wang, S., Li, J., & Zhao, D. (2017). The impact of policy measures on consumer intention to adopt electric vehicles: Evidence from China. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 105, 14-26. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. Wang, S., Wang, J., Li, J., Wang, J., & Liang, L. (2018). Policy implications for promoting the adoption of electric vehicles: Do consumer’s knowledge, perceived risk and financial incentive policy matter? Transportation Research. Part a, Policy and Practice, 117, 58– 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.08.014 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. Wolinetz, M., & Axsen, J. (2017). How policy can build the plug-in electric vehicle market: Insights from the Respondent-based Preference And Constraints (REPAC) model. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeetefoso/v_3a117_3ay_3a2017_3ai_3ac_3ap_3a238-250.htm [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. Zhang, W., Wang, S., Wan, L., Zhang, Z., & Zhao, D. (2021). Information perspective for understanding consumers’ perceptions of electric vehicles and adoption intentions. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, 102, 103157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103157 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• LeafQuest: A Mobile-Based Augmented Reality for Plant Placement, Discovery, and Growth
• Participatory Ergonomic Intervention Approach on Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) in Construction Sectors: A Systematic Review
• Integrating GIS into Traffic Incident Management: A Web-Based System
• RideSmart: A Personalized Motorcycle Product Recommendation System Using TF-IDF and Descriptive Analytics for Javidson Motorshop
• Educational Technology Course Design in Pre-Service Teachers Education: A Bibliometric Review of the Research Landscape