Prevalence, Patterns, and School-Based Responses to Cannabis Use among Learners in Public Junior Schools in Ngong Municipality, Kenya.

Background: Cannabis use among adolescents is a growing public health concern globally, with potential negative effects on cognitive, psychosocial, and academic outcomes. In Kenya, despite its illegality, cannabis remains the most commonly abused substance among school-going youth, yet research on preventive strategies in junior schools is limited.
Objective: This study examined the prevalence, demographic correlates, coping strategies, and school-based preventive interventions related to cannabis use among junior school learners in Ngong Municipality, Kenya.
Methods: A cross-sectional embedded mixed-methods design was employed, integrating quantitative data from 369 learners using the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) with qualitative interviews of school staff. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and non-parametric statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed to explore intervention strategies and challenges.
Results: Overall prevalence of problematic cannabis use was relatively low (7.6%), with higher risk observed among male learners and those in higher grades. Teachers and counseling services were identified as the primary sources of support, while parental and peer involvement was comparatively lower. Qualitative findings revealed multi-level interventions, including disciplinary measures, educational sessions, psychosocial support, and community engagement. However, gaps were noted in program coverage, staff training, and parental participation.
Conclusion: Cannabis use among junior school learners in Ngong Municipality remains low but concentrated among specific subgroups. Integrated, relationally-informed preventive strategies combining school-based education, counseling, peer engagement, and community involvement are recommended to mitigate risk and enhance adolescent resilience.

Adolescent cannabis use, Junior schools, Prevention strategies, Attachment theory, Psychosocial support, Kenya

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