Compassion in Crisis Situations among Healthcare Professionals: Basis for Psychosocial Support

This study looked into the level of compassion of the healthcare professionals dwelled into the perceptions of the patients as well as the barriers affecting compassion. The study employed a quantitative research design utilizing a descriptive-correlational approach, the study focused on 160 healthcare professionals and 130 patients. Data were collected through survey and analyzed using frequency counts and percentage, weighted mean, and spearman rank correlation. The study found that majority of the healthcare professionals belong to young adulthood, female, married, roman catholic, with five years and below of healthcare work experience. Most of the nurses are college graduates earning around Php15,000 to Php25,000, while the majority of the doctors are fellows earning Php55,000 and above monthly. On the other hand, the largest portion of the patients belong to young adulthood (26.9%), female (70%), married (58.5%), roman catholic (80.8%), finished secondary education (40.8%), with Php10,957 and below monthly income (56.2%). Majority of their diagnosis belongs to cardiovascular diseases (21.5%). Care (4.08), competence (4.5), communication (4.06), courage (4.04) and commitment (4.01), altogether garnered a grand mean of 4.07 indicating that the healthcare professionals as highly compassionate healthcare in each area assessed. Barriers such as burnout (3.41), external distractions (3.19), difficult patient/family (3.04) and clinical complexity (3.15), further confirmed with a 3.19 grand mean, indicates moderate impediment of the healthcare professional’s ability to provide compassionate care towards patients. The level of compassion is not influenced by the patient’s profile. However, perception of commitment is highly influenced by the patient’s educational attainment. The study concludes that the interconnected nature of data derived from the investigation necessitates the development of a structured and person-centered guide that targets not the only the healthcare professionals but also external contributors such as but not limited with patients, healthcare team and the healthcare institutions. Thus, COMPASSion Framework for Care Providers is proposed.

Compassion, crisis situations, Patient-centered care, psychosocial support framework

1. Alharbi, J., Jackson, D., & Usher, K. (2019). Compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. An integrative review of the literature. Saudi medical journal, 40(11), 1087–1097. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2019.11.24569 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Alibudbud, R. (2023). Addressing Burnout and Shortage of Nurses in the Philippines. Sage Journals. Retrieved from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23779608231195737 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. American Psychological Association. (2017). APA GUIDELINES for Psychological Practice With Older Adults. Retrieved from: https://www.apa.org/practice/guidelines/guidelines-psychological-practice-older-adults.pdf? [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Azizam, N. A., & Shamsuddin, K. (2015). Healthcare Provider-Patient Communication: A Satisfaction Study in the Outpatient Clinic at Hospital Kuala Lumpur. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS, 22(3), 56–64. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Babaei, S. & Taleghani, F. (2019). Compassionate Care Challenges and Barriers in Clinical Nurses: A Qualitative Study. ResearchGate. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332561918 Compassionate_Care_Challenges_and_Barriers_in_Clinical_Nurses_A_Qualitative_Study [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Baker, D. A., Caswell, H. L., & Eccles, F. J. R. (2019). Self-compassion and depression, anxiety, and resilience in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy & behavior: E&B, 90, 154–161. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.11.025 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Baker, S. M., Reid, S. J., & Simpson, L. (2019). The role of social support in enhancing compassion satisfaction in healthcare professionals. Journal of Health Psychology, 24(2), 197-205. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105318764302 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2020). Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, 431-459. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Baguley, S. I., Pavlova, A., & Consedine, N. S. (2022). More than a feeling? What does compassion in healthcare 'look like' to patients?. Health expectations: an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 25(4), 1691–1702. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13512 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Beaumont, E., Durkin, M., Hollins Martin, C. J., & Carson, J. (2016). Compassion for others, self-compassion, quality of life and mental well-being measures and their association with compassion fatigue and burnout in student midwives: A quantitative survey. Midwifery, 34, 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2015.11.002 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Billings, J. et al (2021). Experiences of frontline healthcare workers and their views about support during COVID-19 and previous pandemics: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Sep 6;21(1):923. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06917-z. PMID: 34488733; PMCID: PMC8419805. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Bowyer, M. (2021). What are the 6 Cs and why are they important?. Medical Staffing. Retrieved from: https://www.medicalstaffing.co.uk/blog/2021/12/the-6-cs-and-why-they-are-important?source=google.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Campbell, D. (2025). Female doctors outnumber male peers in UK for first time. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/mar/06/female-doctors-outnumber-male-peers-in-uk-for-first-time [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Cerit, K. et al. (2020). Behaviours of healthcare professionals towards difficult patients: A structural equation modelling study. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31315514/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Chavez, J. et al. (2020). Magna carta for women health workers, teachers, and minimum-wage earners in the workplace: Policy awareness and organizational compliance. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379666349_Magna_carta_for_women_health_workers_teachers_and_minimum-wage_earners_in_the workplace Policy_awareness_and_organizational_compliance [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Clinical Education and Training Queensland. (2020). Complexity and health care: health practitioner workforce services, roles, skills and training, to respond to patients with complex needs. Retrieved from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/150768/complexcarefull1.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Cocker, F., & Joss, N. (2016). Compassion Fatigue among Healthcare, Emergency and Community Service Workers: A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 13(6), 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060618 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. De Leon, A. R., & Santos, M. P. (2022). Compassion fatigue and resilience among Filipino healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila. Journal of Health Psychology, 27(8), 1061-1073. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053221112543 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Delos Santos, J. (2023). Compassion Fatigue Influences the Mental Health and Turnover Intention of Nurses in the COVID-19 Pandemic. College of Nursing, Visayas State University. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.5137 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Dewar, B., & Mackay, R. (2021). Compassionate care in healthcare: Reflections on a decade of learning. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 118, 103842. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Domingo, M. J., & Alvarado, L. S. (2021). Burnout and compassion fatigue among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 17(3), 112-125. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Duarte, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Ferreira, C. (2017). The influence of self-compassion and psychological flexibility in the development of compassion fatigue in healthcare professionals. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(4), 438-453. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22348 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Dyrbye, L. N., et al. (2020). Relationship Between Burnout, Professional Behaviors, and Cost-Conscious Attitudes Among US Physicians. Journal of general internal medicine, 35(5), 1465–1476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05376-x [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Eben, T. (2022). Exploring the 6cs: An examination of the evidence and a personal reflection. ResearchGate. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362712631 Exploring_the_6cs_An_examination_of_the_evidence_and_a_personal_reflection [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Estrella, R. et al. (2021). STUDY ON THE FILIPINO HEALTH WORKFORCE: A SEQUENTIAL EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF THE DECENT WORK OUTCOMES IN METRO MANILA, METRO CEBU, AND METRO DAVAO HOSPITALS. Retrieved from: https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/ CDN/OTHERS/ils_2021_hrh_study_-_powerpoint_presentation_-_for_serp-p_knowledge-sharing_webinar.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Fernando, A. & Consedine, S. (2017). Development and initial psychometric properties of the Barriers to Physician Compassion questionnaire. Postgraduate medical journal, 90(1065), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-132127 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Figley, C. R. (2017). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. Brunner-Routledge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Franco, P. et al. (2022). Burnout and Resilience of Internal Medicine Physician Trainees in a Tertiary Government Hospital in the Philippines during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-method Study. Acta Medica Philippina. Retrieved from: https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/acta/article/view/3535 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Fowler, J. et al. (2020). Enhancing compassionate care through leadership in healthcare organizations: A systematic review. Leadership in Health Services, 33(2), 159-174. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Garcia & Gonzalez. (2022). Importance of health care personnel commitment for patient satisfaction in Primary Care. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35144182/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Gallagher, S., et al. (2024). The pattern theory of compassion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences Volume 28, Issue 6, June 2024, Pages 504-516. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661324000846 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Garnett, A., Hui, L., Oleynikov, C. et al. (2023). Compassion fatigue in healthcare providers: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 23, 1336 (2023). Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10356-3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Halldorsdottir, S. (2012). Nursing as Compassionate Competence: A Theory on Professional Nursing Care Based on the Patient’s Perspective. International Journal of Human Caring Vol 16 Issue 2, Mar 2012, DOI: 10.20467/1091-5710.16.2.7. Retrieved from: https://connect.springerpub.com/content/sgrijhc/16/2/7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Harrison, D., Davies, M., & Shiflett, R. (2021). Organizational factors that promote compassionate care in high-pressure healthcare environments. Journal of Healthcare Management, 66(3), 193-208. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Hull & Broquet (2007). How to manage difficult patient encounters. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6238230_How_to_manage_difficult_patient_encounters [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Jabonete, F. (2023). Socio-demographic profiles and nurse practice environment among Filipino Staff Nurses. World Journal of Advance Research and Reviews. Retrieved from: https://wjarr.com/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Javier, R, & Reyes, A. (2018). Compassionate care among Filipino nurses in typhoon-affected areas in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Nursing, 68(1), 34-47. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Jafaraghaee, F. (2017). A professional commitment scale for clinical nurses: A study protocol. PubMend Central. Retrieved from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/ PMC6014805/#:~:text=Professional%20commitment%20is%20defined%20as,14%2C%2017%2D19). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Joolaee, S., et al. (2013). Caring relationship: the core component of patients' rights practice as experienced by patients and their companions. Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine, 3, 4. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. Kak, N. (2001). Measuring the Competence of Healthcare Providers. USAID Quality Assurance Project. Retrieved from: https://www.hciproject.org/sites/default/files/Measuring%20 the%20 Competence%20of%20HC%20Providers_QAP_2001.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. Kashani, M. et al. (2023). The relationship between moral courage and providing safe care in nurses: A cross-sectional study. Journal of education and health promotion, 12, 352. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_977_22 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Kiwanuka, F. et al. (2019). Barriers to patient and family-centred care in adult intensive care units: A systematic review. Nursing open, 6(3), 676–684. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.253 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. Krasner, M. et al. (2020). Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians. JAMA, 313(12), 1225-1234. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. Kwame, A. & Petrucka, P. (2021). A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC Nursing. Retrieved from: https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12912-021-00684-2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. Kunzler, A. et al. (2020). Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals. Retrieved from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8121081/#:~:text =Due%20 to%20 emotional%20stressors%2C%20such,McAllister%202009;%20McCann%202013). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

46. Huggard, P. (2014). "Tired of caring": The impact of caring on resident doctors. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282885860 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

47. Lown, B. (2018). Mission Critical: Nursing Leadership Support for Compassion to Sustain Staff Well-being. Nursing Administration Quarterly 42(3):217-222 DOI:10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000302 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

48. Lown, B. A., Manning, C. F., & Johnson, P. (2018). Compassionate healthcare: Fostering patient-provider relationships in a time of crisis. Journal of Healthcare Communication, 25(4), 132-140. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

49. Lown, B. A., Rosen, J., & Marton, K. (2019). Compassion fatigue in healthcare professionals: A pandemic of exhaustion. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 6, 238212. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1177/2382120519876739 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

50. Lown, B. A., Rosen, J., & Marttila, J. (2011). An agenda for improving compassionate care: a survey shows about half of patients say such care is missing. Health affairs (Project Hope), 30(9), 1772–1778. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0539 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

51. Lluch, C. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, and Compassion Satisfaction in Healthcare Personnel: A Systematic Review of the Literature Published during the First Year of the Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 10(2), 364. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020364 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

52. Malenfant, S. (2022). Compassion in healthcare: an updated scoping review of the literature. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9116004/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

53. Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

54. Meier, J. A., Vermeulen, J., & Hempel, J. L. (2018). Compassion satisfaction and fatigue in emergency department healthcare professionals: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 44(5), 444-451. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.03.006 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

55. Merriam Webster (2025). Retrieved from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

56. Moran, M. (2024). Compassion Fatigue and Burnout in the Helping Professions. Retrieved from: https://aihcp.net/2024/12/04/compassion-fatigue-and-burnout-in-the-helping-professions/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

57. Morse, J., et al. (2019). Compassion fatigue: A review of the literature and implications for healthcare. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(4), 807-820. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

58. Murgia, C., et al. (2022). Spirituality and Religious Diversity in Nursing: A Scoping Review. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9498726/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

59. Nurolaunch. (2024). Distraction in Psychology: Understanding Its Definition, Types, and Impact. https://neurolaunch.com/distraction-definition-psychology/? [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

60. Ohm, F. et al. (2013). Details acquired from medical history and patients' experience of empathy – two sides of the same coin. BMC medical education, 13, 67. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-67 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

61. Ondrejková, N., & Halamová, J. (2022). Prevalence of compassion fatigue among helping professions and relationship to compassion for others, self-compassion and self-criticism. Health & social care in the community, 30(5), 1680–1694. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13741 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

62. Ora, et al. (2020). Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review. Retrieved from: https://human-resources health.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12960-020-00469-9 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

63. Pavlova, A. et al. (2022). Predictors of Physician Compassion, Empathy, and Related Constructs: A Systematic Review. Journal of general internal medicine, 37(4), 900–911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07055-2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

64. Perry, R., Kolb, K., & Jones, T. (2021). Moral distress and burnout in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Healthcare Ethics, 42(3), 144-156. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

65. Perry, S. J., McGinnis, M., & Lu, C. (2017). Compassion satisfaction and burnout among healthcare workers: A study of emergency room nurses. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 41(3), 249-257. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000227 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

66. Philippine Medical Association. Code of Ethics. Retrieved from: https://www.philippinemedicalassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/FINAL-PMA-CODEOFETHICS2008.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

67. Philippine Statistics Authority. (2018). INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION OF CORDILLERA (Results from the 2015 Census of Population). Retrieved from: https://rssocar.psa.gov.ph/content/institutional-population-cordilleraresults-2015-census-population [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

68. Philippine Statistics Authority. (2021). Census of Population and Housing. Retrieved from: https://psa.gov.ph/content/2020-census-population-and-housing-2020-cph-population-counts-declared-official-president [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

69. Philippine Statistics Authority. (2023). Four Out of Ten Persons Were Never Married (2020 Census of Population and Housing). Retrieved from: https://psa.gov.ph/content/four-out-ten-persons-were-never-married-2020-census-population-and-housing [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

70. Philippine Statistics Authority. (2023). Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing). Retrieved from: https://psa.gov.ph/content/religious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

71. Philippine Statistics Authority. (2024). Literacy and Educational Attainment Among Persons Five Years Old and Over in the Cordillera (Based on the 2020 Census of Population and Housing). Retrieved from: https://rssocar.psa.gov.ph/education [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

72. Public health Scotland. (2016). Healthcare Professional. Retrieved from: https://publichealthscotland.scot/resources-and-tools/health-intelligence-and-data-management/national-data-catalogue/data-dictionary/search-the-data-dictionary/healthcare-professional/?utm_source=chatgpt.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

73. Redlands Community Hospital. (2025). Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Retrieved from: https://www.redlandshospital.org/nursing-excellence/jean-watsons-theory-of-human-caring/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

74. Reynolds, L. M. et.al (2019). Fighting the flinch: Experimentally induced compassion makes a difference in health care providers. British journal of health psychology, 24(4), 982–998. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12390 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

75. Sabo, B. M. (2016). Compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress: A review of the literature. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48(5), 528-535. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12327 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

76. Sadeghi-Gandomani, H. (2018). Predictors of Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care in an Orthopedic and Urologic Population. Galen medical journal, 7, e1305. https://doi.org/10.22086/gmj.v0i0.1305 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

77. Safaeian, A. et al. (2022). Investigating the effectiveness of innovative intervention based on compassion, awareness, resilience, and empowerment on burnout in nurses of two educational hospitals in Isfahan. Journal of education and health promotion, 11, 65. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_411_21 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

78. Santos, R. B., & de Guzman, R. P. (2019). Compassion fatigue among Filipino healthcare workers. Philippine Journal of Nursing, 15(2), 45-58. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

79. Sengupta, P., & Saxena, P. (2024). The art of compassion in mental healthcare for all: Back to the basics. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 46(1), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176231158126 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

80. Savitsky, B. et al. (2019). Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the covid-19 pandemic. Nurse Education in Practice, Volume 46, 2020, 102809, ISSN 1471-5953. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102809. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

81. Sinclair, S. et.al (2016). Compassion fatigue: A meta-narrative review of the healthcare literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, Volume 69, Pages 9-24, ISSN 0020-7489. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.01.003. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

82. Strauss, C., Lever Taylor, B., Gu, J., Kuyken, W., Baer, R., Jones, F., & Cavanagh, K. (2016). What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures. Clinical psychology review, 47, 15–27. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.004 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

83. Supreme Court E-Library. THE MAGNA CARTA OF PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS. Retrieved from: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/3194 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

84. Tabers Medical Dictionary. (2025). Taber’s Medical Dictionary. Retrieved from: https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/752994/all/barrier#:~:text=1.,health%20care%20providers%20and%20patients. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

85. The LawPHIL Project. 1987 Philippine Consititution. Retrieved from: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

86. Thompson, C. (2019). Compassion in healthcare: How training can foster compassionate responses in crisis care. Journal of Healthcare Education, 18(2), 45-51. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

87. University of the Philippines Population Institute. (2020). Human Resource for Health in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does the Philippines Have Enough?. Retrieved from: https://www.uppi.upd.edu.ph/research/covid-19/rb8 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

88. UNDP Human Development Reports. Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from: https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2015 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

89. Van Keer, I. et al. (2015). Conflicts between healthcare professionals and families of a multi-ethnic patient population during critical care: an ethnographic study. Critical Care. Retrieved from: https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-015-1158-4 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

90. Winter-Pfändler, U., & Morgenthaler, C. (2011). Patients' satisfaction with health care chaplaincy and affecting factors: an exploratory study in the German part of Switzerland. Journal of health care chaplaincy, 17(3-4), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2011.559857 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

91. Woodward, C. (2024). When a physician marries a physician: Effect of physician-physician marriages on professional activities. ResearchGate. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

92. World health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab 1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• The Impact of Ownership Structure on Dividend Payout Policy of Listed Plantation Companies in Sri Lanka
• Urban Sustainability in North-East India: A Study through the lens of NER-SDG index
• Performance Assessment of Predictive Forecasting Techniques for Enhancing Hospital Supply Chain Efficiency in Healthcare Logistics
• The Fractured Self in Julian Barnes' Postmodern Fiction: Identity Crisis and Deflation in Metroland and the Sense of an Ending
• Impact of Flood on the Employment, Labour Productivity and Migration of Agricultural Labour in North Bihar