Leadership Practices And Stakeholders’ Commitment in Schools’ Delivery Services

Authors

Joy Z. Nagera

Mabini Colleges Graduate School (Philippines)

Annie Marmol-Dado, EDD

Mabini Colleges Graduate School (Philippines)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.10200192

Subject Category: Educational Leadership

Volume/Issue: 10/2 | Page No: 2539-2569

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-02-16

Accepted: 2026-02-21

Published: 2026-02-28

Abstract

This study determined the leadership practices of school heads and the level of stakeholders’ commitment in the delivery of school services in public elementary schools in Jose Panganiban West and East Districts, Division of Camarines Norte. Specifically, it determined leadership practices in planning and implementation, policy implementation and review, learning environment, learner discipline, management of relationships and school organizations, communication, rewards and recognition, and community engagement; determined stakeholders’ commitment across these areas; analyzed differences in commitment among stakeholder groups; identified challenges; and proposed interventions.
Using a quantitative descriptive-comparative design, data were gathered from 16 school heads, 16 faculty presidents, 14 PTA presidents, and 12 Committee on Education chairpersons. Results showed that school heads demonstrated strong leadership in planning, policy implementation, communication, learning environment management, and community involvement. However, gaps were noted in collaboration, stakeholder engagement, community empowerment, performance evaluation, and recognition mechanisms. Teachers exhibited consistently high commitment across all areas, parents showed moderate to high commitment, while Committee on Education chairpersons demonstrated limited involvement, particularly in planning, policy understanding, and communication.
Significant differences in stakeholder commitment were found across all areas (p < .01), with notable variations in planning, policy implementation, learning environment, and learner discipline. Key challenges included limited stakeholder participation in policy review, low community involvement, weak partnerships, and insufficient empowerment. An Action Plan was developed to strengthen leadership practices, enhance stakeholder commitment, and improve collaboration, communication, and community engagement, contributing to more effective and inclusive school service delivery.

Keywords

Leadership practices, stakeholders’ commitment, school’s delivery services

Downloads

References

1. Leithwood, K., Harris, A., Hopkins, D., (2020) Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited,” School Leadership & Management, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 5-22, 2020, doi: 10.1080/13632434.2019.1596077 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Pont, B., Nusche, D., Moorman, B., (2008) Improving school leadership, Volume 1: Policy and practice. Australia: OECD Publications, 2008. https://www.oecd.org/edu/school/44374889.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Fabelico, F. L., Aquino, C. J. C., & Afalla, B. T. (2021). Managing educational institutions: School heads’ leadership practices and teachers’ performance. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(4), 1325–1333. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i4.21518 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Richardson, L. (2024). The role of educational leadership in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 28(S2), 1-2. Vol: 28 Issue: 2S. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/the-role-of-educational-leadership-in-enhancing-student-engagement-and-learning-outcomes.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Mleczko, A. & Kington, A., (2025) The Impact of School Leadership on Parental Engagement: A Study of Inclusion and Cohesion. International Research in Education. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ire.v1i1.3844 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Wenger, E., McDermont, R., & Snyder, W. M. (2018). Cultivating communities of practice.Boston: Harvard University Business School Press. https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Cultivating_Communities_of_Practice.html?id=m1xZuNq9RygC&redir_esc=y [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Bilbao, P.P., Corpuz, B.B., Llagas, A.T., and Salandanan G.G. (2018). The Teaching Profession 2nd ed. Quezon City: Adriana Printing Co., Inc. https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/The_Teaching_Profession.html?id=v3v7vQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Nebor, J.N. (2017). The Role of the Teacher in School community Relations. https://eric.ed.gov/?id= ED287827 on March 4, 2024. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED287827.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Communtzis-Page, G. (2017). Critical issue: Creating the school climate and structures to support parent and family involvement. Appalachia Educational Laboratory & the North Central Regional Education Laboratory. https://www.ncrel.com/.Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, Article III. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Henderson, A. T., &Mapp, K. L. (2019). A new wave of evidence: The impact of school, family, and community connections on student achievement. Austin, TX: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED474521 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Republic Act No. 9155. Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001. https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/7353 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. DepEd Order 40, s.2015 Guidelines on K to 12 Partnership https://www.deped.gov.ph/2015/08/28/do-40-s-2015-guidelines-on-k-to-12-partnerships/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. DepEd Order No. 24, s. 2020. National Adoption and Implementation of the Philippine Professional Standards for School Heads. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DO_s2020_024-.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Smith, J., & Williams, L. (2024). The Role of Stakeholder Engagement in Enhancing Educational Outcomes in South Africa. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam 2(2):155-163. DOI:10.71305/jmpi.v2i2.85 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Hadijah, N., (2024). Stakeholder Engagement in Educational Policy DevelopmentEurasian Experiment Journal of Arts and Management (EEJAM) Volume 6 Issue 1 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385904915_Stakeholder_Engagement_in_Educational_Policy_Development [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Arguelles, R., & Sarsale, M., (2025). Stakeholder engagement practices in rural and remote schools: Insights from Filipino school leaders March 2025 Issues in Educational Research 35(1):42-60. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392499586_Stakeholder_engagement_practices_in_rural_and_remote_schools_Insights_from_Filipino_school_leaders [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Ramos, a., (2025). Exploring the Implementation of the Revised School-Based Management System to the Stakeholder Engagement and School Performance: Basis for Developing Strategies Addressing Organizational Challenges. EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD). https://cdn.epratrustpublishing.com/article/202504-02-021206.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Hernandez, M. M., Mendoza, S. D. C., & Pacheco, M. M. (2023). Innovative leadership practices and management styles of school heads in the Schools Division of Bulacan. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 4(2), 1–10. https://ijmaberjournal.org/index.php/ijmaber/article/view/1135 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. DepEd Order No. 40, s. 2012 – DepEd Child Protection Policy. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/DO_s2012_40.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Sittar, K., Munawar, S., & Alvi, G. F. (2022). School leadership development program on the performance of secondary school heads. Global Educational Studies Review, 7(I I). http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2022 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Huber, S. G., & Pruitt, J. (2024). Transforming education leadership through multiple approaches to develop and support school leadership. Education Sciences, 14(9), 953. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090953 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Banoğlu, K., Karataş, İ. H., & Gümüş, S. (2025). School principals’ networking preferences for instructional and administrative advice-seeking relations: Insights from inferential social network analysis. Journal of Educational Administration. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/17411432241303673 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Eisenschmidt, E., Kumpas-Lenk, K., Vanari, K., Arus, H., & Ivanova, K. (2024). Fostering collaborative school improvement in Estonian schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10526846241245085 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. De Guzman, M. (2025) Motivational Factors on Teacher’s Commitment and Professional Development. https://library.usant.edu.ph/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=18947&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=24743 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Anderson-Butcher, D., Bates, S., Lawson, H. A., Childs, T. M., Iachini, A. L., (2022) The Community Collaboration Model for School Improvement: A Scoping Review. Educ. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 918; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120918 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Lansing AE, Romero NJ, Siantz E, Silva V, Center K, Casteel D, Gilmer T. (2023) Building trust: Leadership reflections on community empowerment and engagement in a large urban initiative. BMC Public Health. 2023 Jun 28;23(1):1252. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15860-z. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Paulus, P., Zakso, A., (2024) Participatory Leadership of the School Principal in Developing the Quality of Education Services at State Senior High School 1 MenyukeApril 2024Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Humaniora 15(1):104. DOI:10.26418/j-psh.v15i1.76365 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Kumar, S., & Lee, A. (2023). Governance and stakeholder participation in education policy: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Educational Policy, 10(2), 78–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/edu.2023.1012345 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Barce, L. D., (2025) Parental Involvement in Schools: Barriers, Challenges, and Strategies. Br. J. Arts Humanity., 2025; 7(3), 461-469 | doi: 10.34104/bjah.02504610469 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Patel, R., & Martinez, L. (2022). Enhancing community engagement in inclusive education policies: Challenges and strategies. Journal of Educational Policy and Leadership, 19(2), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/edu.2022.00987 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Jackson, P., & Patel, R. (2023) Community involvement in school governance: Challenges in discipline management. International Journal of Educational Leadership, 18(3), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/ijel.2023.00456 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Lee, J., & Garcia, M. (2023). Community committees and school collaboration: A study of engagement and impact. Journal of School Leadership and Management, 21(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/jslm.2023.00321 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Lee, J., Kim, S., & Roberts, A. (2023). Challenges and opportunities for external committees in school governance. International Journal of School Management, 18(3), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/ijsma.2023.00945 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Sofia, N., Sari, R., & Azizah, L. (2023). Leadership communication competencies among school principals: Implications for teacher trust and support. Journal of Educational Management, 18(1), 65-82. https://ejournal.uksw.edu/kelola/article/view/10331 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Cook, A. (2024). Effective communication strategies between schools and parents to improve student outcomes. Journal of Educational Leadership, 45(2), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131245221110556 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Smith, J. (2023, March 12). New Haven Public Schools launches Apptegy to improve family engagement. New Haven Register. https://www.nhregister.com/news/education/article/new-haven-communication-platform-apptegy-20239674.php [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Del Rosario, J. S.; Panganiban, R. F., Castillo, R. D., (2024) Project 2Rs (Reward and Recognitions): Strategy to Empower the Level of Parental Involvement in New Normal Education. https://e-saliksik.deped.gov.ph/research-bulletin-project-2rs-reward-and-recognitions-strategy-to-empower-the-level-of-parental-involvement-in-new-normal-education/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Cabarillos, R. D. (2024). Exploring stakeholders’ engagement in school development: A mixed-methods investigation of insights and strategies. Southeast Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. Retrieved from https://cmc.edu.ph/research/index.php/journals/article/view/155 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Gulac, A. (2023). Stakeholders’ Involvement in School Strategic Planning as Correlate of Implementation Commitment and School Performance. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11(5), 490 501. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=21515 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. Cabanilla, A. B., Pontillas, P. V., & Comon, J. D. (2024). Teachers’ Commitment and Their Performance in Naawan District, Misamis Oriental. European Modern Studies Journal, 8(3). DOI:10.59573/emsj.8(3).2024.19 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. Inso-Anog, M. D., de Vera, J. V., & Peteros, E. D. L. (2024). Examining teacher retention through the lens of job satisfaction and commitment in a Philippine private school. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.9.13 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Cadiong, A. M. (2024). Competence, Leadership Skills, and Professional Commitment of Elementary Teachers in the National Capital Region, Philippines. Dinkum Journal of Social Innovations, 3(12), 646 663. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2024.1110025 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. Rinne, R., (Eds.). (2022). Reimagining globalization and education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003207528 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. Nguyen, D., Dinh, H.-V. T., & Nguyen, N.-P. (2023). School–University Partnerships in Vietnam: Insights, Reflections, and Recommendations. International Perspectives on School-University Partnerships (pp. 69-83). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0807-3_6 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. Petre, I. L., Hristache, D. A., Dobrescu, M. M., Constantin, A., Dumitra, E., Radu, C., (2025). Digital Communication in Higher Education Settings: A Pilot Study on Students’ Behavioural Trends. Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3038; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073038 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

46. Republic Act 9155. Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001. https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9155_2001.html [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

47. DepEd Order No. 73, s. 2012 - Guidelines on the Assessment and Rating of Learning Outcomes Under the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2012/09/05/do-73-s-2012-guidelines-on-the-assessment-and-rating-of-learning-outcomes-under-the-k-to-12-basic-education-curriculum/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

48. DepEd Order No. 24, s. 2020. National Adoption and Implementation of the Philippine Professional Standards for School Heads. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/DO_s2020_024-.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles