The Influence of AI Competence, Grit, and Prosocial Behavior on Collaboration Skills among Future Business Professionals in a Private University in Cebu, Philippines
Authors
College of Education- Graduate Teacher Education, Cebu Technological University – Main Campus, Cebu City (Philippines)
College of Education- Graduate Teacher Education, Cebu Technological University – Main Campus, Cebu City (Philippines)
College of Education- Graduate Teacher Education, Cebu Technological University – Main Campus, Cebu City (Philippines)
College of Education- Graduate Teacher Education, Cebu Technological University – Main Campus, Cebu City (Philippines)
College of Education- Graduate Teacher Education, Cebu Technological University – Main Campus, Cebu City (Philippines)
Article Information
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-03-06
Accepted: 2026-03-12
Published: 2026-03-24
Abstract
This study assessed the relationship between collaboration skills and artificial intelligence (AI) competence, grit, and prosocial behavior among Bachelor of Science in Business Administration students at a private university during the 2024–2025 academic year. It aimed to develop a career intervention plan to enhance students’ AI competence, grit, prosocial behavior, and collaboration skills, thereby preparing them to meet evolving industry demands. A total of 150 third-year Marketing Management and Operations Management students at the University of San Jose-Recoletos completed survey questionnaires. AI competence was measured using the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale (AILS; Wang, 2022), grit with the Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS; Datu, 2017), collaboration skills via the Entry-Level Interprofessional Questionnaire (ELIQ; Pollard, 2004), and prosocial behavior using the Prosociality Scale (Kanacri, 2021). Data were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, and regression analysis. Most respondents were between 18 to 23 years old, lived with both parents, and had 1 to 3 siblings. Regarding birth order, the majority were youngest, while combined family monthly income varied, with the largest group earning above PHP 76,700. Respondents were predominantly female, reflecting a young, diverse, and family-oriented population with varying socio-economic backgrounds. Results indicated good overall collaboration skills, with interprofessional learning rated excellent; AI competence and grit were good, while adaptability and prosocial behavior were excellent. Regression analysis revealed that grit, prosocial behavior, and AI competence significantly predicted collaboration skills, with grit as the strongest predictor. Based on the findings and conclusion, a career intervention plan is proposed for adoption.
Keywords
Collaboration skills, Artificial Intelligence competence
Downloads
References
1. Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Irvine, C. K. S., & Walker, D. (2018). Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Bloomfield, J., & Fisher, M. J. (2019). Quantitative research design. Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association, 22(2), 27–30. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Coe, R., Waring, M., Hedges, L. V., & Ashley, L. D. (Eds.). (2021). Research methods and methodologies in education. Sage. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Commission on Higher Education (CHED). (2013). CMO No. 09, s. 2013: Enhanced Policies and Guidelines on Student Affairs and Services. https://ched.gov.ph/cmo-9-s-2013/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Cruz, K. D., & Sison, M. J. (2021). Grit and stress management: Predictors of college retention. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 54(2), 123–138. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Datu, J. A. D., Yuen, M., & Chen, G. (2017). Development and validation of the Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS): Evidence from Filipino undergraduate students. Personality and Individual Differences, 114, 198-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.012 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Duckworth, A. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit–S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634290 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Gonzales, M. A., & Buan, A. C. (2020). AI awareness and digital competence among college students: A basis for curriculum enhancement. Philippine Journal of Science, 149(2), 321–330. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Henneman, E. A., Lee, J. L., & Cohen, J. I. (2004). Collaboration: A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03185.x 48(1), 65–73. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Keskinen, J., Pahnila, S., & Rantanen, E. (2022). Competence in artificial intelligence: A scoping review. Behaviour & Information Technology, 41(9), 1851–1865. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2072768 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Lopez, A. V., & Trinidad, G. R. (2023). Community service learning and the development of prosocial behaviors in college students. International Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 18(3), 112–128. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Luengo Kanacri, B. P., Eisenberg, N., Tramontano, C., Zuffiano, A., Caprara, M. G., Regner, E., Zhu, L., Pastorelli, C., & Caprara, G. V. (2021). Measuring Prosocial Behaviors: Psychometric Properties and Cross-National Validation of the Prosociality Scale in Five Countries. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 693174. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.693174 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Philippine Congress. (2004). Republic Act No. 9258: Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2004/03/24/republic-act-no- 9258/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Pollard, K. C., Miers, M. E., & Gilchrist, M. (2004). Collaborative learning for collaborative working? Initial findings from a longitudinal study of health and social care students. Health & Social Care in the Community, 12(4), 346- 358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2004.00504.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Ramos, P. A. (2020). Grit and academic resilience among senior high school students. The Guidance Journal, 45(1), 21–35. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Rebancos, C. M., & Ramos, J. B. (2019). The influence of collaboration skills on the academic success of education students. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 7(2), 84–90. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Remler, D. K., & Van Ryzin, G. G. (2021). Research methods in practice: Strategies for description and causation. Sage Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Salvador, J. R. (2022). The role of artificial intelligence competence in academic innovation. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 15(1), 1–18. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Santos, L. M., & Bautista, H. P. (2019). Prosocial behavior and emotional intelligence in Filipino adolescents. Philippine Journal of Counseling Psychology, 20(1), 55–71. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Seeram, E. (2019). An overview of correlational research. Radiologic Technology, 91(2), 176–179. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Taguchi, N. (2018). Description and explanation of pragmatic development: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research. System, 75, 23-32. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Valenzuela, R. D. (2021). Collaborative learning and student engagement in blended classrooms. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(4), 905–917. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Wang, B., Rau, P. L. P., & Yuan, T. (2022). Measuring user competence in using artificial intelligence: validity and reliability of artificial intelligence literacy scale. Behaviour & Information Technology, 42(9), 1324–1337. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2072768 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. Hossain, M. T., Akter, N. A., Nishu, N., Khan, L., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). The gender divide in digital competence: A cross sectional study on university students. Frontiers in Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1258447 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. Sigmundsson, H., Haga, M., Hermundsdottir, F., Dybendal, B. H., & Hermundsdottir, F. (2022). Motivational factors are varying across age groups and gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095207 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. Guo, S., Xu, J., Wang, M., Akezhuoli, H., Zhou, X., & Lu, J. (2024). The effects of parent child separation on the digital literacy of children and adolescents: A bidirectional perspective study. Heliyon, 10(10), e31113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31113 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Tang, B., Xiao, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., Lin, X., & Liu, H. (2024). The impact of family residence structure on adolescents’ non cognitive abilities: Evidence from China. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1367308. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1367308 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. Pribesh, S. L., Carson, J. S., Dufur, M. J., Yue, Y., & Morgan, K. (2020). Family Structure Stability and Transitions, Parental Involvement, and Educational Outcomes. Social Sciences, 9(12), 229. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
29. Chi, Z., Malmberg, L.-E., & Flouri, E. (2024). Sibling effects on problem and prosocial behavior in childhood: Patterns of intrafamilial “contagion” by birth order. Child Development, 95(3), 766–779. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14030 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
30. Tani, Y., Isumi, A., Doi, S., & Fujiwara, T. (2023). Number of siblings and social capital among parents rearing schoolchildren: Results from the A-CHILD Study. Journal of Epidemiology, 33(9), 478–483. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20210510 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
31. Okada, N., Yamamoto, Y., Yahata, N., et al. (2021). Birth order and prosociality in the early adolescent brain. Scientific Reports, 11, 22446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01146-0 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
32. Kensbock, J. M. (2025). Reaching out or going it alone? How birth order shapes networking behavior and entrepreneurial action in the face of obstacles. Journal of Business Venturing, 40(1), 106458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2024.10645 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
33. Ansbacher, H. L., & Ansbacher, R. R. (1956). The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler: A Systematic Presentation in Selections from His Writings. Basic Books. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
34. Sulloway, F. J. (1996). Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Dynamics, and Creative Lives. Pantheon Books. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
35. Huang, Y., Wu, X., Tamim, M., Jin, X., Ma, L., & Xu, J. 2025. How does family economic background shape adolescents’ present and future oriented well being? Roles of perceived discrimination and grit. BMC Psychology, 13, Article 628. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03015-1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
36. Silva Quiroz, J., & Morales Morgado, E. 2022. Assessing digital competence and its relationship with the socioeconomic level of Chilean university students. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19, Article 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00346-627. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
37. Long, D., & Magerko, B. (2020). What is AI literacy? Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
38. Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W., Qiao, M., & Yang, J. (2021). Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100038 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
39. Chen, X., Xie, H., Zou, D., & Hwang, G. J. (2020). Application and theory development of artificial intelligence in education: A systematic review. Educational Technology & Society, 23(2), 14–31. https://doi.org/10.30191/ETS.202004_23(2).002 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
40. Kolb, D. A. (2015). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development (2nd ed.). Pearson Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
41. Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development. (2019). OECD Skills Outlook 2019: Thriving in a Digital World. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/df80bc12 en [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
42. World Economic Forum. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020. World Economic Forum. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2020.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
43. Saqr, M., & López-Pernas, S. (2021). Learning analytics and artificial intelligence in education: A systematic review of empirical studies. Computers & Education, 168, 104162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104162 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
44. Bećirović, S., Polz, E., & Tinkel, I. 2025. Exploring students’ AI literacy and its effects on their AI output quality, self efficacy, and academic performance. Smart Learning Environments, 12, Article 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00384-3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
45. Embedding AI Ethics in Technical Training: A Multi Stakeholder Pilot Module Emphasizing Co Design and Interdisciplinary Collaboration at Rome Technopole. (2024). Education Sciences. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
46. Issa, T., & Hall, M. (2024). A teamwork framework for preventing breaches of academic integrity and improving students’ collaborative skills in the AI era. Heliyon. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
47. Ivannova Ruiz-Rojas, L., Salvador-Ullauri, L., & Acosta-Vargas, P. 2024. Collaborative working and critical thinking: Adoption of generative artificial intelligence tools in higher education. Sustainability, 16, 5367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135367 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
48. Yang, J., Xie, W., & Ni, J. (2025). A framework for AI ethics literacy: Development, validation, and its role in fostering students’ self rated learning competence. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-21977-5 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
49. Brown, A., & Smith, J. (2022). Enhancing collaborative skills through technology-mediated learning in business education. Journal of Business Education, 97(3), 215–230. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
50. Garcia, L., Torres, M., & Patel, S. (2024). AI tools and teamwork: Strategies for improving collaboration in higher education. Computers & Education, 190, 104674. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
51. Lee, Y., Kim, S., & Choi, J. (2021). Building teamwork competence through AI-enabled problem-solving tasks. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(6), 3505–3521. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
52. Nguyen, T., & Park, J. (2020). Fostering prosocial behavior and collaboration using AI in business education. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 57(7), 1782–1803. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
53. Ravi, P., Kaur, J., & Wright, L. (2025). Artificial intelligence competence and ethical awareness in business students. Journal of Business Ethics, 172(4), 843–859. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
54. Ruiz, L., Salvador Ullauri, L., & Acosta Vargas, P. (2024). Collaborative working and critical thinking: Adoption of generative artificial intelligence tools in higher education. Sustainability, 16(13), 5367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135367 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
55. Yang, J., Xie, W., & Ni, J. 2025. A framework for AI ethics literacy: development, validation, and its role in fostering students’ self-rated learning competence. Scientific Reports, 15, 38030. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-21977-5 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
56. Ravi, M., Kaur, K., & Wright, C. 2025. University staff and student perspectives on competent and ethical use of AI: uncovering similarities and divergences. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 22, Article 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-025-00557-7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
57. Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2020). Beyond self-control: The role of grit in academic and professional success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(5), 1050–1070. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
58. Hodge, B., Danish, S., & Martin, J. (2021). Developing perseverance and resilience in higher education: Evidence-based strategies for students. Higher Education Research & Development, 40(7), 1482–1496. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
59. Tang, Y., & Li, F. (2023). The relationship between grit, effort, and academic achievement in university students. Learning and Individual Differences, 102, 102351. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
60. Gomez Baya, D., et al. 2025. The role of sustained effort and interest in long term educational goals. Frontiers in Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1504176 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
61. Social Psychology of Education. 2022. Academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and grit in higher online education: Consistency of interests predicts academic success. Social Psychology of Education, 25, 951–975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-022-09696-5 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
62. Frontiers in Psychology. 2024. The role of grit in inclusive education: A study of motivation and achievement among pre service physical education teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1332464 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
63. Evenddy, S. S., Gailea, N., & Syafrizal, S. (2025). Exploring the benefits and challenges of project based learning in higher education. International Journal of Education, 2(2), 148. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
64. Mustamin, K., Wahdah, W., Intiardy, D., Jumrah, A. M., & Pattiasina, P. J. (2024). The impact of project based learning on students’ collaboration skills in secondary schools. International Journal of Educational Research Excellence (IJERE), 3(2), 992–998. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
65. Naseer, F., Tariq, R., Alshahrani, H. M., et al. (2025). Project based learning framework integrating industry collaboration to enhance student future readiness in higher education. Scientific Reports, 15, 24985. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
66. Feraco, T., Casali, N., & Meneghetti, C. (2023). Adaptability and grit: Foundations for their joint contribution to students’ academic and nonacademic outcomes. Mind, Brain, and Education, 17(3), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12367 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
67. Alkal, A. (2025). Relationships among resilience, career adaptability and career decision self efficacy in university students: a two wave longitudinal mediation study. BMC Psychology, 13, Article 1146. (bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com) [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
68. Bennett, J. B., Neeper, M. N., Linde, B. D., Lucas, G. M., & Simone, L. (2018). Team resilience training in the workplace: E learning adaptation, measurement model, and two pilot studies. JMIR Mental Health, 5(2), e35. (mental.jmir.org) [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
69. Frontiers research on coping styles and career adaptability. (2025). The relationship between coping styles and career adaptability in telecommunications employees: chain mediation of anxiety and general self efficacy. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
70. Aljofan, A., et al. (2024). The interplay of grit and career adaptability in skill development and resilience in the face of technology change. Open Journal of Business and Management, 12, 3395–3416. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2024.125170 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
71. Çarkıt, E. (2024). Relations between grit, career adaptability, and life satisfaction: A moderated mediation model. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06375-w [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
72. Datu, J. A. D., Buenconsejo, J. U., & Liu, D. (2024). Does grit predict thriving or is it the other way around? A latent cross-lagged panel model on the triarchic model of grit and the 5Cs of positive youth development. Journal of Research on Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.13011 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
73. Muhammad, A., & Effendy, C. (2021). Developing students’ prosocial behavior through collaborative teamwork teaching. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(7), 381–391. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.87.10602 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
74. Wang, H., Wu, S., & Wei, C. (2021). Emotional intelligence and prosocial behavior in college students: A moderated mediation analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 713227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713227 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
75. Decety, J., & Cowell, J. M. (2020). The complex relation between morality and empathy. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0892-2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
76. Caprara, G. V., Alessandri, G., & Eisenberg, N. (2020). Prosociality: The contribution of traits, values, and self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Personality, 88(3), 460–474. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12517 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
77. Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., & Knafo-Noam, A. (2020). Prosocial development. Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, 7, 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy701 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
78. Ihtiar, R. R., Sugiyo, S., & Awalya, A. (2022). Improving students’ self esteem through group counseling with assertive training and positive reinforcement techniques. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 11(4), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.15294/jubk.v11i4.63348 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
79. O’Keefe, M., Henderson, A., & Chick, R. (2023). Interprofessional education: A review of context, learning, and impact. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 37(2), 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2022.2046229 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
80. Thistlethwaite, J., Forman, D., Matthews, L., Rogers, G., Steketee, C., & Yassine, T. (2022). Competencies and frameworks in interprofessional education: A comparative analysis. Academic Medicine, 97(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000004342 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
81. Xyrichis, A., & Ream, E. (2020). Teamwork: A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(4), 1001–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14309 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
82. Kobayashi, M. (2025). Effectiveness of a group based psychological safety intervention to prevent workplace bullying and sustain work engagement. Behavioral Sciences (Basel), 15(10), 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101302 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
83. Ok, C., Choi, M., & Kim, H. E. (2025). The effect of psychological safety climate on voice behavior in Chinese technology innovation companies: Focusing on the moderating effect of guanxi with team leaders. Sustainability, 17(15), 7139. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157139 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
84. Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2020). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, 421–449. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-045209 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
85. Edmondson, A. C., & Lei, Z. (2014). Psychological safety: The history, renaissance, and future of an interpersonal construct. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091305 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
86. Abu-Rish, E., Kim, S., Choe, L., Varpio, L., Malik, E., White, A., ... & Zierler, B. (2020). Current trends in interprofessional education of health sciences students: A literature review. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 34(5), 584–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2020.1733700 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
87. Hall, P., & Weaver, L. (2020). Interprofessional education and teamwork: A long-term perspective. Medical Teacher, 42(9), 1036–1042. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1772360 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
88. Reeves, S., Pelone, F., Harrison, R., Goldman, J., & Zwarenstein, M. (2021). Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021(6), CD000072. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000072.pub3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
89. Salas, E., Reyes, D. L., & McDaniel, S. H. (2020). The science of teamwork: Progress, reflections, and the road ahead. American Psychologist, 75(6), 783–800. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000672 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
90. van der Vleuten, C. P. M., Driessen, E. W., & Heeneman, S. (2022). Interdisciplinary collaboration and communication in professional education: Implications for curriculum design. Medical Teacher, 44(5), 512–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2021.2011777 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
91. Xyrichis, A., & Ream, E. (2020). Teamwork: A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(9), 2260–2272. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14479 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
92. He, Q., Dizon, J. I. W. T., Ganotice, F. A., Zheng, B., Yeung, P. P. N., Shen, X., … Tipoe, G. L. (2024). Unveiling the impact of interprofessional education on shaping students’ interprofessional identity and collaboration perception: A mixed method study. BMC Medical Education, 24, 855. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05833-0 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
93. Chou, E., LaDisa, A. G., Zelenski, A., & Lauck, S. (2023). How to use improv to help interprofessional students respond to status and hierarchy in clinical practice. AMA Journal of Ethics, 25(5), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1001/journalofethics.2023.25.5.peer-2305 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
94. Aljofan, A., et al. (2024). The interplay of grit and career adaptability in skill development and resilience in the face of technology change. Open Journal of Business and Management, 12, 3395–3416. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2024.125170 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
95. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman. https://doi.org/10.1037/10476-000 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
96. Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087–1101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
97. Duckworth, A., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Self-control and grit: Related but separable determinants of success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(5), 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414541462 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
98. Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1989). The relations of sympathy and personal distress to prosocial behavior: A multimethod study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.1.55 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
99. Malti, T., & Speidel, R. (2024). Development of prosociality and the impacts of adversity. Nature Reviews Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-024-00328-7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
100. Datu, J. A. (2023). Grit, academic engagement in math and science, and well-being outcomes in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. School Psychology International, 44(4), 489-512. https://doi.org/10.1177/01430343231193182 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
101. Vossen, H. G. M., Piotrowski, J. T., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2021). The role of empathy in prosocial behavior: Developmental patterns in adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences, 170, 110525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110525 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- A Comparative Study of Adjustment Level, Parental Income and Academic Achievement of Adolescent Girls
- Increase in STIs among Adolescents in Masvingo District
- A Correlation between SDG 4 (Quality Education) and Emotional Disposition of Teacher Educators in Hyderabad District
- Ear Piercing Behaviour and Self-Esteem among Male University Students in Nigeria
- A Study of Religiosity and Psychological Well-Being