The Role of Inabah Da’wah in Psychospiritual Rehabilitation for Drug Addiction: A Narrative Review

Authors

Abu Bakar Ahmad Mansor

School of Languages, Civilisation & Philosophy (SLCP), Universiti Utara Malaysia (Malaysia)

Azman Md Zain

School of Languages, Civilisation & Philosophy (SLCP), Universiti Utara Malaysia (Malaysia)

Ahmad Zamil Abd. Khalid

School of Languages, Civilisation & Philosophy (SLCP), Universiti Utara Malaysia (Malaysia)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100300032

Subject Category: Psychology

Volume/Issue: 10/3 | Page No: 518-536

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-03-03

Accepted: 2026-03-09

Published: 2026-03-24

Abstract

Drug addiction is a global crisis that affects public health and social well-being and involves complex interactions in biology, psychology, society, and spirituality. Relapse after conventional treatment reveals the limitations of existing approaches and demands holistic psychospiritual interventions. Inabah da’wah has emerged as a systematic psychospiritual intervention that has proven effective in addressing this issue, but the lack of empirical and conceptual synthesis in Malaysia and Indonesia means that its role is still not fully described. Therefore, the study aims to examine the role of Inabah da’wah in drug rehabilitation and assess its implications for the psychospiritual rehabilitation of addicts, especially in terms of its contribution. This study uses a qualitative approach based on a narrative review with a synthesis of indexed library sources that are analysed inductively. The findings show that Inabah da’wah serves as a structured psychospiritual rehabilitation approach that focuses on the internal transformation of addicts through strengthening the relationship with Allah SWT, restoring the bio-psycho-social-spiritual dimensions, and contributing significantly to the contemporary rehabilitation framework. The study emphasises Inabah da’wah as a complementary and contextual psychospiritual intervention for mainstream drug rehabilitation, strengthening its relevance in the contemporary rehabilitation landscape in the Nusantara region and international discourse

Keywords

Inabah, Da’wah, Drug Rehabilitation, Psychospiritual

Downloads

References

1. Abd Ghani, A., Maamor, S., Aziz, A. B., Ahmad Razimi, M. S., Nik Abdullah, N. S., & Elias, N. H. (2017). Hardcore Drug Addict Treatment Method Through Spiritual Approach: A Case Study in Pondok Remaja Inabah 1 Malaysia, Kedah. Journal of Advanced Research in Business and Management Studies, 7(1), 39-50. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Abdul Ghaffar, Ahmad Khatib Ibn. (2015). Fathul Arifin (Muhammad Isma’il, Trans.). Johor: Perniagaan Jahabersa. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Abdullah, R. T., Embong, R., Omar, N., Yaakob, R., Lateh, H. M., Sulaiman, R., Tan, I. H., Sulaiman, R., San, L. Y., Chik, Z. (2021). The Factors Affecting the Tedency of Drug Addiction Among Malays in Malaysia. Revista Geintec-Gestao Inovacao E Tecnologias, 11(4), 2146-2155. https://doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2261 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Abidin, M. S. A. Z., Amin, M. Z. M., Salaeh, A., Yusoff, W. F. Z. W., & Fa’atin, S. (2022). The Practice of Islamic Psychospiritual Therapy in the Treatment of Drug Addiction at Rehabilitation Centres in Malaysia. Afkar: Jurnal Akidah dan Pemikiran Islam, 24(2), 143-168. https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol24no2.4 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Adellia, I., Febrianti, M. A., & Maulida, S. N. (2023). Implementasi Kebijakan Pencegahan Pemberantasan Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba (P4gn) Sebagai Rekayasa Sosial Dalam Memberantas Penyalahgunaan Narkoba di Kota Surabaya. Irpia: Jurnal Ilmiah Riset dan Pengembangan, 8(2), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.71040/irpia.v8i5.201 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Akunna, O. N., Nneka, U. R., Nkesi, O. C., John, A. E., Cordelia, O. C., & Ada, A. C. (2024). Negative Implications of Drug and Substance use on Mental Health. International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, 21(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2024/v21i4439 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Alba, C., Siregar, Q. A., & Rachmawanti, R. (2020). Teknologi Spiritual Terapi Penyembuhan Korban Narkoba dan Peran Pondok Remaja Inabah (I) Malaysia dalam Pengembangan TQN di Negeri Malaysia. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 19(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.5614/sostek.itbj.2020.19.1.2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Alfiyah, N. I., & Triandika, L. S. (2018). Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia Dalam Integrasi Kerjasama di ASEAN Untuk Menyikapi Permasalahan Peredaran Narkoba. Global and Policy Journal of International Relations, 6(2), 108-115. https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v6i02.1819 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Alhamuddin. (2015). Merawat Jiwa Menjaga Tradisi: Dzikir dan Amal Thariqah Qadiriyah Naqsabandiyah Dalam Rehabilitasi Korban NAPZA Sebagai Terapis Ala Islam Nusantara. Sosial Budaya: Media Komunikasi Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Dan Budaya, 12(1), 1-11. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Al-Hakim, Muhammad bin ‘Abd Allah. (1990). Al-Mustadrak ‘ala al-Sahihin. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Ali Puteh, D. A. H. M., Ghani, N. A., Mamat, I., Mohamad, A. M., & Ahmad, M. S. (2013). Drug Addict Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme at Pondok Inabah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia (1998 – 2011). British Journal of Social Sciences, 1(5), 37-46. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Al-Jailany, M. F., Praja, J. S., Alba, C., Kamba, M. N., Thohir, A., Salahudin, A., Wahfiuddin, Bisri, H., Masduqi, I., Aishah, Widarda, D. (2011). Tarekat Qodiriyyah Naqsyabandiyyah Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya Membangun Peradaban Dunia. Tasikmalaya: Mudawwamah Warohmah Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Al-Mahalli, Jalal al-Din & Al-Sayuti, Jalal al-Din. (1989). Tafsir al-Jalalayn. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Al-Qurtubi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ahmad. (2009). Tafsir al-Qurtubi- Al-Jami’ li Ahkam al-Quran. Kaherah: Dar al-Sya’b. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Al-Thabari, Abu Ja’far Muhammad Ibn Jarir Ibn Yazid. (2000). Tafsir Jami’ Al-Bayan Fi Ta’wil Al-Quran (Tafsir Al-Thabari). t.tp: Muassasah Ar-Risalah. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Apsari, N. C., Taftazani, B. M., & Santoso, M. B. (2024). Faith-Based Rehabilitation for Drug Abuse in Indonesia: A Spiritual Approach of Social Work. International Social Work, 67(2), 334-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208728231165637 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Azmi, M. H., & Wahab, M. N. A. (2020). Keperluan Modul Latihan Pengukuhan Kepulihan Terhadap (Orang Kena Pengawasan-OKP) Berbantukan Latihan Psikospiritual dan Biofeedback. International Journal of Humanities Technology and Civilization, 5(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijhtc.v5i1.4820 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Belfiore, C. I., Galofaro, V., Cotroneo, D., Lopis, A., Tringali, I., Denaro, V., & Casu, M. (2024). A Multi-Level Analysis of Biological, Social, And Psychological Determinants of Substance Use Disorder and Co-Occurring Mental Health Outcomes. Psychoactives, 3(2), 194-214. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3020013 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Bensaid, B., Machouche, S., & Tekke, M. (2021). An Islamic Spiritual Alternative to Addiction Treatment and Recovery. Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 59(1), 127-162. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.591.127-162 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Bhuana, K. W., & Wirasila, A. A. N. (2022). Pengaturan Penyalahguna Narkotika Berdasarkan Undang–Undang No. 35 Tahun 2009. Jurnal Kertha Semaya, 10(3), 550-650. https://doi.org/10.24843/ks.2022.v10.i03.p06 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Bukhori, B. (2014). Dakwah Melalui Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam. Jurnal Konseling Religi, 5(1), 1-18. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Choirin, M., Saoqi, A. A. Y., Sopa, S., Kadir, F. A. A., Mokhtar, A. A. T. B., & Guleng, M. P. (2024). Developing a Conceptual Model for Da ‘wah Literacy Index (DLI). Ulumuna, 28(1), 24-49. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v28i1.773 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Currier, J. M., McDermott, R. C., Sanders, P., Barkham, M., Owen, J., Saxon, D., & Richards, P. S. (2024). Practice-Based Evidence for Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapies: Examining Trajectories of Psychological and Spiritual Distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 71(4), 291. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000727. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Daeli, A. S. (2023). Pengaruh Sholat Tahajud dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Remaja di Pondok Pesantren Assudaniyah, Medan. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Theosofi dan Peradaban Islam, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.51900/alhikmah.v5i2.19381 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Dainty, K. N. (2024). Qualitative Research in Cardiac Arrest Research: a Narrative Review. Resuscitation Plus, 17, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100568 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Dani, A. A. (2016). Dakwah Islamiyah: Menimbang Kembali Konsep Dakwah Islam Mohammad Natsir. Dirosat: Journal of Islamic Studies, 1(1), 101-128. https://doi.org/10.28944/dirosat.v1i1.12 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Drug Information Book. (2024). Retrieved from: http://www.adk.gov.my [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Ezeakunne, M. F., & Unterrainer, H. F. (2025). Substance Abuse Treatment in Nigeria: Applying A Biopsychosocial-spiritual Framework at MACCARCA. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1639570 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Fitriyani, K. N., Makalalag, P. P., & Yakin, S. (2025). Neosufisme Sebagai Strategi Dakwah Spritual Syaikh Ahmad Shohibul Wafa Tajul Arifin. Warta Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia, 8(2), 326-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/wartaiski.v8i2.447 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Galanter, M., Hansen, H., & Potenza, M. N. (2021). Article Commentary: The Role of Spirituality in Addiction Medicine: A Position Statement from the Spirituality Interest Group of the International Society of Addiction Medicine. Substance Abuse, 42(3), 269-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2021.1941514 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Ghazali, A. M. & Naan (2018). Model Terapi Tobat Dalam Mengatasi Kegersangan Siritual Masyarakat Perkotaan (Studi Pemikiran Tokoh Sufi Di Jawa Barat). Jurnal I’tibar, 6(1), 75-87. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Ginting, D. R., Pulungan, M. F., Habib, F., Pohan, S. A., & Siregar, R. A. (2024). Efektivitas Metode Dakwah Bil Hikmah dalam Penyebaran Islam di Desa Kuta Gerat Kec. Munthe Kab. Karo. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi dan Sosial Politik, 2(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.62379/jiksp.v2i1.1186 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Grim, B. J., & Grim, M. E. (2019). Belief, Behavior, And Belonging: How Faith Is Indispensable in Preventing and Recovering from Substance Abuse. Journal of religion and health, 58(5), 1713-1750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00876-w [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Hamidah, H. (2016). Perspektif al-Qur’an tentang Dakwah Pendekatan Tematik dan Analisis Semantik. Intizar, 19(1), 1-20 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Hadi, R. A., & Suharyat, Y. (2022). Dakwah dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadits. Religion: Jurnal Agama, Sosial, dan Budaya, 1(5), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.55606/religion.v1i5.25 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Hahn, J. L. (2025). Religion and Spirituality in Addiction Recovery. Religion Compass, 19(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec3.70017 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Haris, R. (2022). The Pyscho-Spiritual Therapy on Mental Illness; An Islamic Approach. Prophetic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 2(2), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.32832/pro-gcj.v2i2.7403 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Hasbi, M., Ali, T. M., & Ningrum, A. D. A. (2022). Pencegahan Penggunaan Narkoba di Masyarakat melalui Kebijakan Fasilitasi Penyalahgunaan Narkotika. Jatijajar Law Review, 1(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.26753/jlr.v1i1.723 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Herindrasti, V. L. S. (2018). Drug-free ASEAN 2025: Tantangan Indonesia Dalam Penanggulangan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 7(1), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.71122 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. Ibrahim, N., Rahman, S. M. H. S. A., & Azhar, M. H. M. (2021). Pengamalan al-Ṭarīqah al-Ṣūfiyyah Sebagai Motivasi Spiritual Bagi Penagihan Dadah. Jurnal Usuluddin, 49(1), 129–150. https://doi.org/10.22452/usuluddin.vol49no1.5 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. Ismail, R., Manaf, M. R. A., Hassan, M. R., Nawi, A. M., Ibrahim, N., Lyndon, N., Amit, N., Zakaria, E., Razak, M. A. A., Nor, N. I. Z., Shukor, M. S., & Kamarubahrin, A. F. (2022a). Prevalence of Drug and Substance Use Among Malaysian Youth: A Nationwide Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084684 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Ismail, N. A. H., Haris, R., Kassim, S. K., & Mat, M. Z. A. (2022b). A Study on Islamic Psycho-Spiritual Therapy on Recovered Adolescent Addicts. SYAMIL: Journal of Islamic Education, 10(2), 159-179. https://doi.org/10.21093/sy.v10i2.5653 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. Ismatullah, A. M. (2015). Metode Dakwah dalam Al-Qur’an (Studi Penafsiran Hamka terhadap QS. An-Nahl: 125). Lentera, 17(2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.21093/lj.v17i2.438 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. Jaffer, U., Abduallah, N. H., Achmad, R., Rosli, N., Shahrolidham, N. S., Nassir, C. M. N., Ahmed, M. A., & Osman, R. A. (2024). Methamphetamine Abuse in Malaysia: A Narrative Review of Epidemiology, Health Consequences, And Intervention Strategies. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 9(56), 1056-1067. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.956066 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. Jamil, N. K. M., Nurul, A. A., Bakar, R. A., Ismail, S., & Ahmad, I. (2021). Socio-Demographic and Clinical Profile of Mixed Opioid and Amphetamine Type Stimulant Dependent Subjects in Malaysia: A Preliminary Report. Gulhane Medical Journal, 63(1), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2020.1127 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

46. Jones, K. (2004). Mission Drift in Qualitative Research, or Moving Toward a Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies, Moving Back to a More Systematic Narrative Review. Qualitative Report, 9(1), 95-112. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

47. Keulen, A., Koelen, J., Eurelings-Bontekoe, L., Hoekstra-Oomen, C., & Glas, G. (2023). The Evaluation of Religious and Spirituality-Based Therapy Compared to Standard Treatment in Mental Health Care: A Multi-Level Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Psychotherapy Research, 34(3), 339-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2023.2241626 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

48. Komaruddin, D., & Halim, I. A. (2021). Peranan Terapi Spiritual Terhadap Penyembuhan Adiksi Narkoba (Studi di Inabah XX Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat). Syifa al-Qulub: Jurnal Studi Psikoterapi Sufistik, 5(2), 155-168. https://doi.org/10.15575/saq.v5i2.11226 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

49. Krishnan, A., Brown, S. E., Ghani, M. A., Khan, F., Kamarulzaman, A., & Altice, F. L. (2016). Pretreatment Drug Use Characteristics and Experiences Among Patients in A Voluntary Substance Abuse Treatment Center in Malaysia: A Mixed-Methods Approach. Substance Abuse, 37(4), 542-549. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2016.1146648 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

50. Laksana, A. W., Hartiwiningsih, H., Purwadi, H., & Mashdurohatun, A. (2023). The Sufism Healing as an Alternative Rehabilitation for Drug Addicts and Abusers. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 11(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v11i1.15025 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

51. Lua, P. L., Nasrulddin, N. A. A., Mohamad, A. M., Hassan, A., & Makhtar, M. (2020). Positive Impacts of Islamic Inabah Substance Abuse Rehabilitation Program on Health-Related Quality-of-Life Profiles and Religiousness. Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment, 19(4), 234-246. https://doi.org/10.1097/adt.0000000000000220 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

52. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

53. Mansor, A. B. A., Yassin, K. M., & Ahmad, S. (2020a). Pendekatan Tarekat Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah Dalam Pemulihan Dadah: Satu Meta Analisis. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Develepment (JISED), 5(29), 1-9. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970337 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

54. Mansor, A. B. A., Yassin, K. M., & Ahmad, S. (2020b). Analysis of Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah’s Zikir Tariqat as a Therapy for Drug Recovery in Malaysia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(8), 1580-1585. http://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.08.312 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

55. Mansor, A. B. A., Yassin, K. M., & Ahmad, S. (2023). The Influence of Zikir Method on The Quality of Zikir Tarekat Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah in Pondok Remaja Inabah (1) Malaysia. Russian Law Journal, 11(4s), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i4s.799 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

56. Mansor, A. B. A., Yassin, K. M., & Ahmad, S. (2024). Islamic Psychospiritual Approach in Drug Rehabilitation Therapy Based on Inabah Philosophy. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), 166-182. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.0013 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

57. Mansor, A. B. A., Yassin, K. M., Ahmad, S., Thohir, A., & Kodir, M. (2026). Dhikr Therapy in Mental Recovery of Drug Addicts: An Islamic Psychospiritual Case Study, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 10(1), 5840-5853. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2026.10100455 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

58. Maulana, A., & Supriatna, U. Y. (2024). Pengaruh Kesabaran Terhadap Self Determination Pada Pengguna NAPZA di Pondok Inabah. Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science, 4(1), 416-421. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v4i1.10073 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

59. Mohamed, M. N., & Marican, S. (2018). Treatment and Rehabilitation of Substance Use Disorder: Significance of Islamic Input in Malaysia. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences, 2(4), 209-216, https://doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v2i4.57 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

60. Muhamad, N. A., Chemi, N., Ma’amor, N. H., Rosli, I. A., Leman, F. N., Isa, M. F. N., Johari, M. Z., Abdullah, N., Ibrahim, N. A., Chan, H., Hassan, M. R. A. & My Substance Abuse Study Group. (2024). Substance Abuse Among New Patients Attending Main Government Hospitals in Malaysia from 2018–2021: A Comparison Between Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic. Plos One, 19(10) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309422 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

61. Mujib, A., & Sholikhin, B. (2022). Pola dan Strategi Dakwah Dalam Moderasi Beragama. Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 229-244. https://doi.org/10.33367/ijhass.v3i2.3120 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

62. Mulyati, S., & Nihayah, Z. (2020). Sufi Healing in Indonesia and Malaysia: An Updated Study of Rehabilitation Methods Practiced by Qadiriyya Naqshbandiyya Sufi Order. Esoterik: Jurnal Akhlak Dan Tasawuf, 6(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.21043/esoterik.v6i1.7085 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

63. Mushodiq, M. A., & Sulthon, M. (2020). Konsep Dakwah Nir-Radikalisme Perspektif Syaikh Ali Mahfudz. Wardah, 21(1), 66-105. https://doi.org/10.19109/wardah.v21i1.5825 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

64. Muslim, A. (2024). Psikosufistik Metode Inabah: Transformasi dalam Rehabilitasi Narkoba. Esoteris of Islamic Studies, 1(1), 1-19. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

65. Nabela, A. (2017). Manhaj al-‘Ilāj al-Rūḥiy li Mudmina al-Mukhaddirāt bi Ma’had Inābah Surabaya. Kalimah: Jurnal Studi Agama dan Pemikiran Islam, 15(2), 241-263. https://doi.org/10.21111/klm.v15i2.1492 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

66. Nainggolan, R. M. (2024). Kerjasama Internasional Dalam Mengembangkan Kebijakan Yang Efektif Untuk Menangani Masalah Narkotika di Indonesia. Honeste Vivere, 34(2), 231-243. https://doi.org/10.55809/hv.v34i2.319 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

67. Nawawi, N. A. A. M., Othman, E. A., Mohd, F. M., Abdullah, K. A., & Baharudin, M. N. (2024). Drug Addictions in Malaysia: A Mini-Review on Drug Types, Rehabilitation Centers and Therapeutic Programs. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 25(1), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2024.2336495 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

68. Noor, A., Abdullah, M., & Chik, Z. (2025). Effectiveness of Community Empowerment of the Malay Communities in Dealing with Drug Addiction. International Center for Research and Resource Development (ICRRD) Quality Index Research Journal, 6(1), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.53272/icrrd.v6i1.1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

69. Noordin, N., Mohamad, M. A., Aziz, K. I. A, Zakaria, Z., & Sawal, M. Z. H. M. (2023). The Recovery Factors of Drug Addiction in Malaysia: A Case of Ex-Drug Addicts Registered with National Anti-Drug Agency. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 13(2), 60-70. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v13-i2/16631 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

70. Nurusshobah & Fitra, A. A. (2025). Kesehatan Mental dan Spiritualitas: Bagaimana Konsep Al-Qur’an Menghadapi Krisis Psikologis Era Kontemporer?. Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir, 4(1), 115-130. https://doi.org/10.58363/alfahmu.v4i1.281 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

71. Ofuchi, T., Shimane, T., & Matsumoto, T. (2025). Spirituality and Continued Abstinence Among Methamphetamine Users in a 12‐Step Program in Japan: Data from a Cohort Study of Residential Substance Use Treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports, 45(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.70032 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

72. Oktaviani, T., & Sihombing, R. S. M. (2024). Implementasi Kebijakan Tentang Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Narkoba di Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara (Qanum Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara Nomor 4 Tahun 2016). Jurnal Manajemen dan Ilmu Administrasi Publik (JMIAP), 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.24036/jmiap.v6i1.652 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

73. Purba, V. M., & Noah, O. P. (2025). Evaluasi Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Pemberantasan Jaringan Narkoba di Indonesia. Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum, 3(2), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.59581/deposisi.v3i2.5008 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

74. Rachmawanti, R., & Gunawan, D. (2023). Implementation of Cultural Products in Medical Practices at Pesantren Suryalaya–Tasikmalaya. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 10(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2268389 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

75. Rahman, D. (2021). Perspektif Kebijakan Kriminal Dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Narkotika Di Indonesia. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 4(4), 314-321. https://doi.org/10.31933/ujsj.v4i4.186 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

76. Rahman, M. A. (2019). Model Konseling Islam Untuk Rehabilitasi Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkoba. Irsyad: Jurnal Bimbingan, Penyuluhan, Konseling, dan Psikoterapi Islam, 7(1), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.15575/irsyad.v7i1.886 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

77. Rahmat, D. (2025). Penyuluhan Hukum Bahaya Narkotika di Rutan Salemba Jakarta. Jurnal Bakti Dirgantara, 2(2), 111-115. https://doi.org/10.35968/170r3t89 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

78. Robson, N., Rashid, R., Nazar, M., & Habil, H. (2015). Treating Heroin Addiction: Bridging The Past and Future-A Malaysian Experience. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 7(1), 121-125. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

79. Rusmana, A., & Ali, W. Z. K. W. (2022). Sufism Healing Methods for Drug Rehabilitation in Inabah of West Java, Indonesia. TEMALI: Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial, 5(2), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.15575/jt.v5i2.21234 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

80. Sahliah, S., & Hanipah, S. (2019). Metode Pendidikan Inabah Dalam Mengatasi Kenakalan Remaja Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. Thoriqotuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(2), 123-137. https://doi.org/10.47971/tjpi.v2i2.178 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

81. Saifuddin, A. (2021). Therapeutic Principles in The Healing of Addictive Dependence and Behavioral Disorders in Inabah Sirnarasa. Indigenous: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 6(1), 37-54. https://dx.doi.org/10.23917/indigenous.v6i1.11401 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

82. Salleh, S., Wazir, R., Abd Rahman, K.A., Sudi, S., Awang, A. H., & Kamarulzaman, A. I. (2022). Mengatasi Masalah Kesihatan Mental Melalui Pendekatan Psiko Spiritual. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 7 (47), 601-615. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.747047 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

83. Sa’ari, C. Z., Muhsin, S. B. S., Abidin, M. S. Z., Rashid, R. A., Chik, H., & Yahya, H. M. H. (2025). Aplikasi Biopsikososial-Spiritual untuk Bekas Penagih Dadah bagi Mengelakkan Relapse: Perbincangan Kumpulan Fokus. Jurnal Usuluddin, 53(1), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.22452/usuluddin.vol53no1.3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

84. Sayyid Qutb. (2000). Tafsir Fi Zilalil Quran di Bawah Bayangan Al-Quran. (Yusoff Zaky Haji Yacob, Trans.). Kota Bharu: Pustaka Aman Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

85. Setiawan, A. H. (2025). Curative Da’wah as Psychospiritual Intervention: An Islamic Spirituality-Based Approach to Drug Addiction Rehabilitation in Indonesia. MUHARRIK: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial, 8(1), 253-265. https://doi.org/10.37680/muharrik.v8i1.7734 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

86. Setio, N. C., Hernawan, A. H., Rusman, R., & Eseadi, C. (2023). The Repentance Bath of Abah Anom's Inabah: A Hydrotherapy for Drug Addicts in Muslim Society. Fikri: Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial dan Budaya, 8(1), 111-122. https://doi.org/10.25217/jf.v8i1.3288 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

87. Setyawan, N., Sutoyo, A., & Muslikah, M. (2025). Bimbingan dan Konseling Islami Untuk Meningkatkan Psychologycal Well-Being Pada Remaja. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 15(1), 40-51. https://doi.org/10.25273/counsellia.v15i1.22314 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

88. Shafie, M. Z. (2006). Rawatan Penagihan Dadah: Pendekatan Kerohanian Menggunakan Metode Thoriqot Qodiriyyah Wan Naqyabandiyyah (TQN). In Mohamed, M. N., Mencegah, Merawat dan Memulihkan Penagihan Dadah: Beberapa Pendekatan dan Amalan di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publication & Distributors Sdn Bhd. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

89. Shafie, M. Z. (2010). 30 Tahun Pondok Remaja Inabah (1) Malaysia. Kedah: Pondok Remaja Inabah (1) Malaysia [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

90. Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to do a Systematic Review: A Best Practice Guide for Conducting and Reporting Narrative Reviews, Meta-analyses, and Meta-syntheses. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), 747-770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

91. Sonbol, H. M., Metwally El‐Sayed, M., Taha, S. M., Abdelwahab Khedr, M., El‐Ashry, A. M., & Abd Elhay, E. S. (2024). Effectiveness of a Spiritual Adaptation of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Improving Resilience, Self‐Esteem and Spirituality Among Clients with Opioid Use Disorder: A Quasi‐Experimental Study. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 32(1), 112-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.13089 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

92. Subiantoro, D., & Kholil, S. (2025). Da’wah and Rehabilitation: A Study of Collaborative Communication between the National Narcotics Board, Correctional Institutions, and Islamic Organizations in Addressing Narcotics Inmates. Andalas International Journal of Socio-Humanities, 7(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.25077/aijosh.v7i1.82 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

93. Tajiri, H. (2018). Pendekatan Konseling Spiritual dalam Penyembuhan Pasien Narkoba di Inabah VII Tasikmalaya. Anida (Aktualisasi Nuansa Ilmu Dakwah), 18(1), 21-40. https://doi.org/10.15575/anida.v18i1.5043 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

94. Travis, D. J., Vazquez, C. E., Spence, R., & Brooks, D. (2021). Faith Communities’ Improvements in Readiness to Engage in Addictions Resilience and Recovery Support Programming. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(6), 3931-3948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01235-4 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

95. Uquudul Jumaan. (2014). Tasikmalaya: Mudawwamah Warohmah [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

96. Uswatusolihah, U., Asmaya, E., & Fuad, M. (2025). Enhancing Spirituality through Da’wah-Based Training: “Spiritual Motherhood” Class for Muslims Women in Indonesia. Journal of Posthumanism, 5(2), 740-752. https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i2.451 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

97. Yosiyana, K. (2024). Metode Dakwah Islam dalam Menanamkan Pemahaman Agama Bagi Siswa Tunagrahita di SLB YPAC Medan Timur. Jurnal Indonesia: Manajemen Informatika dan Komunikasi, 5(2), 1395-1402. https://doi.org/10.35870/jimik.v5i2.700 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

98. Zabidi, A. (2020). Sayyid Qutb’s Concept of Da’wa in His Fi Zilal al-Quran. Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies, 14(2), 167-186. https://doi.org/10.15575/idajhs.v14i2.9660 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

99. Zain, A. M., Mansor, A. B. A., & Khalid, A. Z. A. (2025). History and Understanding of Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jama'ah in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development (JISED), 10 (73), 128-149. https://doi.org/10.55573/JISED.107310 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles