Drivers of High Malaria Transmission: A Community-Based Study in Chipulukusu Compound, Ndola Zambia
Authors
Mukuba university, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kitwe (Zambia)
Mukuba university, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kitwe (Zambia)
Mukuba university, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kitwe (Zambia)
Ndola Teaching Hospital, Ndola (Zambia)
Article Information
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100300308
Subject Category: Public Health
Volume/Issue: 10/3 | Page No: 4131-4142
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-03-17
Accepted: 2026-03-24
Published: 2026-04-06
Abstract
Malaria still remains a major public health concern faced by the sub-Sahara region despite continued control measures efforts by the world. In Zambia, there are periodic outbreaks in the incidence of malaria, especially in the highly populated urban settlements where the environment might be conducive to the breeding of mosquitoes. The Chipulukusu Compound in Ndola District recorded increased malaria cases within the last few years, whereas the malaria control intervention measures by the country are still underway. The aim of the study was to determine the household and environmental factors that promote high malaria transmission in Chipulukusu Compound.
Keywords
Malaria transmission, environmental risk factors, urban malaria, community-based study, Zambia
Downloads
References
1. Adum, P., Agyare, V. A., Owusu-Marfo, J., & Agyeman, Y. N. (2023). Knowledge, attitude and practices of malaria preventive measures among mothers with children under five years in a rural setting of Ghana. Malaria Journal, 22(1), 268. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04702-3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Bhatt, S., Weiss, D. J., Cameron, E., Bisanzio, D., Mappin, B., Dalrymple, U., Battle, K. E., Moyes, C. L., Henry, A., Eckhoff, P. A., Wenger, E. A., Briët, O., Penny, M. A., Smith, T. A., Bennett, A., Yukich, J., Eisele, T. P., Griffin, J. T., Fergus, C. A., … Gething, P. W. (2015). The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature, 526(7572), 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15535 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Bridges, D. J., Chishimba, S., Mwenda, M., Winters, A. M., Slawsky, E., Mambwe, B., Mulube, C., Searle, K. M., Hakalima, A., Mwenechanya, R., & Larsen, D. A. (2020). The use of spatial and genetic tools to assess Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Lusaka, Zambia between 2011 and 2015. Malaria Journal, 19(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-3101-7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Cathorall, M. L., Peachey, A., & Najjuma, S. (2025). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding malaria in rural Uganda: A cross-sectional study. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15776707 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Chanda, E., Baboo, K. S., & Shinondo, C. J. (2012). Transmission Attributes of Periurban Malaria in Lusaka, Zambia, Precedent to the Integrated Vector Management Strategy: An Entomological Input. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2012, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/873852 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Demissie, D. B., Fetensa, G., Desta, T., & Tiyare, F. T. (2025). Effectiveness and Efficacy of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets for Malaria Control in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(7), 1045. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22071045 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Global technical strategy for malaria 2016-2030. (n.d.). Retrieved 15 March 2026, from https://iris.who.int/items/40fdb707-e15f-4f37-8518-8ef206d59d66 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Holmes, N. (2025, December 9). Global Malaria Report 2025: Progress and Challenges. European Medical Journal. https://www.emjreviews.com/microbiology-infectious-diseases/news/global-malaria-report-2025-progress-and-challenges/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Jumbam, D. T., Stevenson, J. C., Matoba, J., Grieco, J. P., Ahern, L. N., Hamainza, B., Sikaala, C. H., Chanda-Kapata, P., Cardol, E. I., Munachoonga, P., & Achee, N. L. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes and practices assessment of malaria interventions in rural Zambia. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 216. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8235-6 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Kuti, K., & Zuma, S. (2025). Malaria signs, symptoms, prevention knowledge and its associated factors among rural Ethiopians. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 17(1), a4885. https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v17i1.4885 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Lequechane, J. D., Chale, F., Azevedo, N., Abílio, A. P., Muanido, A. G., Gonçalves, L., Manuel, J. L., & Silveira, H. (2025). Knowledge, attitude and practice in high endemic settings for malaria: A cross-sectional study in a rural community in central Mozambique. Malaria Journal, 24(1), 431. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05652-8 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Malaria in Zambia: Statistics & Facts | Severe Malaria Observatory. (n.d.). Retrieved 15 March 2026, from https://www.severemalaria.org/countries/zambia [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Merga, H., Degefa, T., Birhanu, Z., Abiy, E., Lee, M.-C., Yan, G., & Yewhalaw, D. (2024). Urban malaria and its determinants in Eastern Ethiopia: The role of Anopheles stephensi and urbanization. Malaria Journal, 23(1), 303. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-05126-3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Sabtiu, A. R. M., Hinne, I. A., Sraku, I. K., Halou, D. K., Doe, R. T., Attah, S. K., Aboagye-Antwi, F., & Afrane, Y. A. (2025). Larval habitat diversity, physicochemical characteristics and their effect on the larval density of malaria vectors in the city of Accra, Ghana. Malaria Journal, 24(1), 299. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05540-1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. SICHULA, A. (2025, November 12). Zambia records 24% drop in Malaria incidence, as government targets elimination | Zambia Monitor. https://www.zambiamonitor.com/zambia-records-24-drop-in-malaria-incidence-as-government-targets-elimination/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Wilson, M. L., Krogstad, D. J., Arinaitwe, E., Arevalo-Herrera, M., Chery, L., Ferreira, M. U., Ndiaye, D., Mathanga, D. P., & Eapen, A. (2015). Urban Malaria: Understanding its Epidemiology, Ecology, and Transmission Across Seven Diverse ICEMR Network Sites. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 93(3_Suppl), 110–123. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0834 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. World malaria report 2025. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 March 2026, from https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2025 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. ZAMBIA-Malaria-Profile PMI (FY-2024). (n.d.). Retrieved 15 March 2026, from https://mesamalaria.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/ZAMBIA-Malaria-Profile-PMI-FY-2024.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Zembere, K., Jones, C. M., Mthawanji, R., Nkolokosa, C., Kamwezi, R., Kalonde, P. K., & Stanton, M. C. (2024). Small dams drive Anopheles abundance during the dry season in a high malaria burden area of MALAWI. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 38(4), 375–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12733 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- Tribal Child Nutrition and Health in District of Sundargarh: A Public Health Review of ICDS Intervention
- Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards Prostate Cancer Screening Amongst Men Aged 40-60 Years in The Buea Health District: A Cross-Sectional Study
- Compliance with JCI Protocols: A Focus on Employee Safety
- Influence and Involvement of Teachers in Menstrual Hygiene Management of Female Secondary School Students in Kogi State, Nigeria
- A Critical Evaluation of Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana in Bihar