Linguistic Considerations for the Disclosure of Medical Errors

This conceptual paper examines the linguistic considerations necessary for effective medical error disclosure; an area where communication choices directly influence patient trust and the perceptions of professional integrity. Drawing upon theories of the Situational Crisis Communication Theory, Linguistic Category Model, and Communication Competence Model, this paper highlights how language use can shape the attribution of responsibility and affect relational outcomes in clinical settings. It proposes four core considerations to guide effective disclosure: sociolinguistic competence in tailoring language to diverse settings; clarity and comprehensibility in ensuring understanding; the demonstration of empathy; and the critical role of timing and sequencing in structuring disclosure interactions. Together, these considerations underscore the need for medical professionals to balance informational accuracy with sensitivity towards patients’ emotions and expectations. The framework contributes to advancing understanding of how language can facilitate trust, reduce conflict, and support ethical practice in healthcare communication.

medical disclosure; linguistic competence; professional communication

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