Agricultural Land Preservation and Food Security in Sabah: A Content Analysis-Based Overview

Agricultural land preservation has become an increasingly important concern in Sabah because of rapid urbanisation, development pressure, changing land-use priorities, and persistent food security challenges. This paper presents a targeted content analysis-based overview of academic literature, legal instruments, policy documents, official reports, and comparative preservation models. The final analytical corpus comprised 76 sources selected from a 92-record post-duplicate screening set using explicit subject, geographical, source-type, language, accessibility, and evidential relevance criteria; three additional official sources were added for legal and statistical clarification and excluded from the n = 76 thematic frequency calculations. Each source was assigned one primary theme for frequency calculation, while secondary themes were retained for interpretation without double counting. Four analytical themes emerged: land conversion pressure and governance vulnerability (12 sources; 15.8%), food security implication (14; 18.4%), policy and institutional gap (18; 23.7%), and preservation strategy (32; 42.1%). The findings indicate that Sabah’s agricultural land problem is simultaneously spatial, institutional, tenure-related, and food-security-oriented. Verified administrative evidence also shows continuing conversion pressure, while recent official statistics indicate a limited paddy land base and a low rice self-sufficiency level. Comparative models from Japan, Shanghai, North Sumatera, Ontario, and Maryland offer useful instruments, but require adaptation to Sabah’s state land authority, Native Title and customary tenure, institutional capacity, and farming conditions. The paper proposes three integrated policy pillars: spatial and legal protection of strategic food-producing land; coordinated governance and digital monitoring; and farmer-centred economic and infrastructure support for productive land retention.

Agricultural Land Preservation, Food Security, Land Conversion, Sabah, Content Analysis, Land Governance, Policy Framework

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