An Instructional Leadership Framework for Reading Program Implementation: A Case Study
Authors
Bukidnon State University (Philippines)
Article Information
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.1026EDU0308
Subject Category: Education
Volume/Issue: 10/26 | Page No: 3953-3964
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-05-14
Accepted: 2026-05-19
Published: 2026-06-09
Abstract
The study explored the Instructional Leadership of reading teachers, reading coordinators, and school administrators in small, medium, and large schools of Quezon III, Division of Bukidnon during the school year 2025-2026. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed following the two-phase analysis of Yin’s case study approach (Yin, 2014). The nine participants were purposively selected to provide rich, experience-based insights into the dynamics of reading program implementation. The recommendations of the study emphasize the importance of collaboration, instructional leadership, and data-driven practices in strengthening reading program implementation among all stakeholders. The findings revealed three within cases. The three cases are Case 1: Reading Teachers, Case 2: Reading Coordinators, and Case 3: School Administrators. From the response, six themes emerged in cross case analysis. First, Theme 1: Collaboration Improves Instruction and Outcomes, Theme 2: Reflective Practice through Formal and Informal Learning Communities, Theme 3: Contextualized and Adaptive Instructional Practices, Theme 4: Shared Responsibility and Complementary Roles, Theme 5: Development of Collaborative Routines and Structures, and Theme 6: Data-Driven and Experience-Based Decision Making. Lastly, The Instructional Leadership Framework for Reading Program Implementation serves as a guide for school leaders in effectively implementing the reading programs. The study found that the successful implementation of reading programs in public schools depends on the collaborative efforts of reading teachers, reading coordinators, and school administrators who work together to address learners’ diverse literacy needs despite challenges such as limited resources, absenteeism, and inconsistent parental support. The recommendations of the study emphasize the importance of collaboration, instructional leadership, and data-driven practices in strengthening reading program implementation among all stakeholders.
Keywords
Reading Program Implementation, Instructional Leadership, Case Study, Collaboration
Downloads
References
1. Abulencia, A. S., & Villena, D. K. (2022). Instructional leadership practices and reading performance among elementary learners in the Philippine basic education context. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Almagro, et al. (2024). Management strategies and parental involvement in implementing reading programs for non-readers. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Amada, M. G. S., & Idul, M. M. (2025). Structured reading sessions during Catch-Up Friday: A quasi-experimental investigation. Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(7), 280–286.https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2025.v05i07.019 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Aureada, J. U. (2021). The instructional leadership practices of school heads. International Journal of Educational Management and Development Studies, 2(2), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.53378/346106 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Banathy, B. H. (1991). Systems design of education: A journey to create the future. Educational Technology Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Bernabe, R. V. (2024). Effectiveness of Marungko approach in enhancing the reading performance among Grade 1 pupils of San Antonio Elementary School. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(12), 510–521. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i121718 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Bersabal, et al. (2024). Implementation challenges and effectiveness of the Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) in improving reading instruction. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Bertalanffy, L. von. (1968). General system theory: Foundations, development, applications. George Braziller. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Cañete, J., Alimento, A., Cuyos, C., Suson, L., Tan, R., & Fulgencio, M.(2025). Implementation of play-based learning and its relationship to the social skills of kindergarten learners. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 48(5). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Casingal, et al. (2025). Longitudinal study on the effectiveness of the Comprehensive Rapid Literacy Assessment (CRLA) in improving learners’ reading proficiency in multilingual contexts. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Cervantes, C. (2025). Home visitation of Key Stage 1 learners: Basis for enhancement program. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 43(8). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Cimena, et al. (2024). Factors affecting reading difficulties among learners including absenteeism, language barriers, and parental involvement. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Cruz, P. S., Dionisio, M. F., & Polintan, M. D. L. (2023). Parent-teacher collaboration towards enhanced reading comprehension of students. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Studies (IJAMS), 3(2), 455–468. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Delos Reyes, M. P. (2022). System-wide coordination and reading program implementation in Philippine public schools. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Department of Education. (2015). DepEd Order No. 12, s. 2015. Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Department of Education. (2016). DepEd Order No. 35, s. 2016: The Learning Action Cell (LAC) as a K to 12 Basic Education Program school-based continuing professional development strategy for the improvement of teaching and learning. Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Department of Education. (2016). DepEd Order No. 42, s. 2016: Policy guidelines on daily lesson preparation for the K to 12 Basic Education Program. Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Department of Education. (2017). DepEd Order No. 42, s. 2017: Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST). Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Department of Education. (2017). Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST). Department of Education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/DO_s2017_042- 1.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Department of Education. (2018). DepEd Order No. 14, s. 2018: Policy guidelines on the administration of the revised Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI). Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Department of Education. (2018). Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil- IRI). Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Department of Education. (2020). DepEd Order No. 27, s. 2020: Strengthening the implementation of the Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI). Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. Department of Education. (2023). DepEd Order No. 32, s. 2023. Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. Department of Education. (2023). National Educators Academy of the Philippines (NEAP) leadership development initiatives. Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. Department of Education. (2024). Division Memorandum No. 199, s. 2024. Department of Education Division Office. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Department of Education. (2025). DepEd Order No. 10, s. 2025: Guidelines for the implementation of the 2025 Department of Education summer programs. Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. Department of Education. (2025–2026). Succeeding Division Memoranda on the implementation of CRLA and Phil-IRI. Department of Education Division Office. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
29. Department of Education. (n.d.). School-Based Management (SBM) Framework. Department of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
30. Garcia, R., & Dela Cruz, P. (2021). Collaborative leadership and reading program implementation in Philippine schools. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
31. Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(4), 423–451. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
32. Hallinger, P. (2011). Leadership for learning: Lessons from 40 years of empirical research. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(2), 125–142. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
33. Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. The Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217–247. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
34. Hallinger, P., & Wang, W.-C. (2015). Assessing instructional leadership with the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale. Springer. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
35. He, P., Guo, F., & Abazie, G. A. (2024). School principals’ instructional leadership as a predictor of teacher’s professional development. Asian- Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9, Article 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-024-00244-9 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
36. Labajo, C. G. R. (2024). Parental involvement and its relationship to literacy skill of pre-school children. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Studies (IJAMS), 4(4). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
37. Lim, J., & Bautista, R. (2023). Transformational leadership and literacy intervention effectiveness in Philippine schools. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
38. Mercado, L., & Santiago, E. (2023). Reading performance and systems alignment in basic education schools in the Philippines. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
39. Moises, R. D., & Maguate, G. S. (2023). School Learning Action Cell and professional development. International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS), 6(7), 127–133. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
40. Paiste, A. L., Perido, D. M., Pasicolan, M. B., Siangco, M. B., Daria, M. O., & Talledo, M. R. B. (2026). Guided or guarded: Teachers’ experiences on instructional supervision. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 10(2), 5801–5809. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2026.10200427 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
41. Quimbo, R. (2019). Reading difficulties among learners in Quezon III District, Division of Bukidnon. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
42. Republic Act No. 9155. (2001). Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
43. Republic Act No. 10533. (2013). Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
44. Reyes, M., et al. (2022). Distributed leadership and literacy outcomes in Philippine basic education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
45. Rilllo. (2025). Coping mechanisms and essential themes in reading program implementation in the new normal. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
46. Santos, J., & Cruz, A. (2023). Data-driven instructional leadership and reading intervention effectiveness in public schools. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
47. Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership. Jossey-Bass. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
48. Tolentin, C. (2023). Implementation and challenges of reading intervention programs in face-to-face classes. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(2). https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=22053 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
49. Torres, L., & Navarro, S. (2021). Transformational leadership practices and reading intervention success among teachers. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
50. Ulit, J. (2025). Impact of school heads’ instructional leadership on teaching and learning outcomes: Philippine’s context. DWI Journal of Multidisciplinary Humanities. https://www.dwijmh.org/index.php/dwijmh/article/view/188 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
51. Vargas, J. A., & Ducot, L. (2025). Impact of remedial reading programs on pupils’ reading proficiency. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 44(2). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
52. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications (6th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
53. Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- Assessment of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Repositioning TVET for Economic Development in Nigeria
- Teachers’ Use of Assure Model Instructional Design on Learners’ Problem Solving Efficacy in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya
- “E-Booksan Ang Kaalaman”: Development, Validation, and Utilization of Electronic Book in Academic Performance of Grade 9 Students in Social Studies
- Analyzing EFL University Students’ Academic Speaking Skills Through Self-Recorded Video Presentation
- Major Findings of The Study on Total Quality Management in Teachers’ Education Institutions (TEIs) In Assam – An Evaluative Study