Bridgin

This investigation delves into the capacity of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies, specifically the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain, to address persistent sustainability compliance deficiencies within Namibia's mining regulatory framework. Utilising a pragmatic grounded theory approach, along with a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the research involved surveying 179 stakeholders and conducting 14 in-depth interviews. The results reveal a strong consensus regarding the substantial potential of IoT (72%) and AI (65%) for improving environmental monitoring and occupational health and safety, complemented by blockchain's (58%) promise to enhance supply chain transparency. Nevertheless, this potential is considerably constrained by critical barriers, notably high implementation costs (82%), a pronounced scarcity of technical skills (76%), and insufficient digital infrastructure (69%). This research identifies a significant socio-technical disparity, conceptualised as the "Technology as a Double-Edged Sword" phenomenon, where technological ambitions are moderated by concerns over job displacement and the widening of a digital divide.
This research provides a socio-technical framework for comprehending and navigating digital transformation within extractive industries, providing crucial insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders committed to fostering sustainable and inclusive development in resource-rich nations. (Mutau, 2026)

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