Data Elements Driving Supply Chain Resilience Enhancement in Cross-Border E-Commerce Enterprises: A Dual Perspective of Digital Platform Empowerment and Data Governance

Against the backdrop of accelerating global digital trade and persistently rising external environmental uncertainty, data elements have emerged as a pivotal resource reshaping the operational logic of supply chains for cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Grounded in resource orchestration theory and dynamic capability theory, this study examines A-share listed companies in the cross-border e-commerce sector in China from 2018 to 2023. We construct a theoretical analytical framework of “data element application—digital platform empowerment/data governance quality—supply chain resilience,” with environmental uncertainty introduced as a moderating variable. To mitigate the limitations of single-measurement approaches, we develop a triangulation verification system encompassing five categories of indicators: textual analysis, actual digital investment intensity, data asset disclosure, technology adoption breadth index, and digital patent counts. Additionally, we employ multiple methods to address endogeneity concerns, including instrumental variable estimation, system GMM, PSM-DID, Oster sensitivity analysis, and Heckman two-stage models. Our findings reveal that: (1) data element application significantly enhances supply chain resilience in cross-border e-commerce enterprises; (2) both digital platform empowerment and data governance quality serve as partial mediators; and (3) environmental uncertainty positively moderates these relationships. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that the resilience-enhancing effects of data element application are more pronounced for small and medium-sized enterprises, firms targeting European and American markets, enterprises with high platform dependency, and those operating in regions with higher degrees of marketization. Mechanism-deepening analyses further elucidate three core pathways through which data elements enhance supply chain resilience: demand sensing and rapid response, supplier collaboration and dynamic allocation, and inventory optimization and risk early warning. We further propose a stratified strategic recommendation framework to provide practical guidance for corporate decision-makers and policymakers.

Data elements; Supply chain resilience; Cross-border e-commerce; Digital platform empowerment

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