Experimental Study on a Photovoltaic Panel Using an Active Water-Cooling Method

Photovoltaic (PV) electric power generation is a promising technology for harvesting energy from the sun. However, it is difficult to obtain consistent and efficient energy from solar panels, which results in fluctuations in the battery’s state of charge (SOC). This condition may cause overcharging or undercharging, both of which can reduce the battery’s lifespan. Additionally, variations in solar irradiance, particularly changes in sunlight intensity, affect the efficiency of the solar panel and, consequently, the battery SOC. A major issue with solar panels arises when their temperature increases, as higher temperatures reduce their efficiency. This reduction in solar photovoltaic efficiency occurs under increasing and unstable environmental temperatures. To ensure the sustainability and improved performance of solar photovoltaic systems, this project proposes the development of an active water-cooling system using Arduino. This system is intended to help users enhance the efficiency of solar panels. This paper analyzes the effect of an active water-cooling system on the efficiency of a solar panel. The outcomes of this research align with SDG 7, SDG 9, SDG 12, and SDG 13 by enhancing photovoltaic efficiency through an active water-cooling method, thereby supporting clean energy, technological innovation, resource-efficient production, and climate action.

Photovoltaic (PV) Efficiency; Active Water-Cooling System

1. Robert Foster, Majid Ghassemi, Alma Cota: Solar Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environtment. 2010 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. I. Energy Agency, “Technology Roadmap Solar Photovoltaic Energy – 2014 edition.” [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Manton, Amanda, "Solar Energy: A Renewable Resource with Global Importance," ESSAI: Vol. 13, Article 26, 2015. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. A. Jovanovic, “Solar Photovoltaic Energy, challenges in Malaysia in 2017,” World Youth Forum. Sol. Photovolt. Energy, challenges Malaysia 2017, pp. 1–10, 2017. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. S. Sharma, K. K. Jain, and A. Sharma, “Solar Cells: In Research and Applications — A Review,”Vol 6, no. December, pp. 1145–1155, 2015. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. A. Ghazali M. and A. M. Abdul Rahman, “The Performance of Three Different Solar Panels for Solar Electricity Applying Solar Tracking Device under the Malaysian Climate Condition,” Energy Environ. Res., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 235–243, 2012. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. P. V System, B. An, E. Study, and H. Kim, “Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Solar System with Different Cooling Methods and a Bi-Reflector Comparative Analysis.”, Energies 2017, vol 10, no.6 , pp 826,2017 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. S. Dubey, J. N. Sarvaiya, and B. Seshadri, “Temperature Dependent Photovoltaic (PV) Efficiency and Its Effect on PV Production in the World A Review,” Energy Procedia, vol. 33, pp. 311–321, 2013 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• The Impact of Ownership Structure on Dividend Payout Policy of Listed Plantation Companies in Sri Lanka
• Urban Sustainability in North-East India: A Study through the lens of NER-SDG index
• Performance Assessment of Predictive Forecasting Techniques for Enhancing Hospital Supply Chain Efficiency in Healthcare Logistics
• The Fractured Self in Julian Barnes' Postmodern Fiction: Identity Crisis and Deflation in Metroland and the Sense of an Ending
• Impact of Flood on the Employment, Labour Productivity and Migration of Agricultural Labour in North Bihar