Exploring the Role of Religious Doctrine in Shaping Perception and Well-Being Among Elderly Recipients of Spiritual and Existential Care in Liberia and Sierra Leone

Population ageing has increased the need for holistic approaches to elderly care that address not only physical health but also spiritual and existential well-being. This study explored the role of religious doctrine in shaping perceptions and well-being among elderly recipients of spiritual and existential care in Monrovia, Liberia, and Freetown, Sierra Leone. Guided by an interpretivist paradigm, the study employed a comparative qualitative design involving in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Sixty participants, comprising elderly people, religious leaders, professional caregivers, and family caregivers, were purposively selected based on their involvement in spiritual and existential care. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five major themes emerged: existential concerns framed through religious doctrine; the conflation of spiritual and existential care; religious doctrine as a source of meaning-making and resilience; the predominance of prayer-centered care over emotional engagement; and the dual influence of doctrine on well-being. Findings indicate that religious beliefs provide many elderly individuals with hope, purpose, emotional stability, and acceptance of mortality. However, certain doctrinal interpretations, particularly those associated with divine punishment, may contribute to anxiety and existential distress. The study concludes that religious institutions function as informal but significant providers of palliative and existential support in both countries. Strengthening collaboration between faith-based organizations, healthcare providers, and social welfare systems could enhance the delivery of culturally appropriate and holistic care for older adults in West Africa.

Religious doctrine, existential care, spiritual care, elderly well-being

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