Mediating Role of Cognitive Unlearning in the Relationship between Digital Readiness and Digital Transformation Preparedness
Authors
School of Management Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Damaturu, Nigeria / Department of Business Administration, Iconic Open University, Sokoto (Nigeria)
Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Yobe State University, Damaturu (Nigeria)
Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic, Geidam, Yobe State (Nigeria)
Article Information
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100600765
Subject Category: Education
Volume/Issue: 10/6 | Page No: 10977-10991
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-06-18
Accepted: 2026-06-23
Published: 2026-07-06
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines whether cognitive unlearning mediates the relationship between digital readiness and digital transformation preparedness in higher education institutions. Methodology: Guided by the Behavioural–Institutional Framework for Transformation (BIFT), the study analysed survey data from 384 academic and management staff across 30 polytechnics and universities in Northeast Nigeria using structural equation modelling and multi-group analysis in JASP. Findings: Digital readiness significantly predicted transformation preparedness (β = .284, p < .001), but the effect was partially mediated by cognitive unlearning (indirect effect β = .299). The model explained 52.4% of the variance in preparedness, and the unlearning–preparedness link was stronger in Federal than in State-owned institutions (Δβ = .14, p = .032). Originality/value: The study validates BIFT in a resource-constrained, post-conflict context and shows that digital transformation depends not only on infrastructure, but also on cognitive unlearning as a micro-foundational condition for preparedness
Keywords
Digital Readiness, Digital Transformation Preparedness, Cognitive Unlearning, Higher Education, BIFT Framework
Downloads
References
1. Sharma, K., Nigam, N., Jha, J. K., & Xu, X. (2024). Role of readiness to change in the relationship between workforce agility and digital transformation: A two-timeframe study. Journal of Global Information Management, 32(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.345241 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Adiwijaya, A., Anggadwita, G., Gozali, A. A., Ramadhana, M. R., & Purbolaksono, M. D. (2025). Digital transformation in higher education: developing a new framework. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 23(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2025.2520952 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Al-Ali, M., & Marks, A. (2022). A digital maturity model for the education enterprise. Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education, 26(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2021.1978578 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Arnaud, J., Mamede, H., & Branco, F. (2025). The relationship between digital transformation and digital literacy - an explanatory model: Systematic literature review. F1000Research, 14, 146991. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.146991.2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Baiyere, A., Constantiou, I., Indulska, M., & Tuunainen, V. K. (2026). Digital transformation as future-ready strategizing: Beyond the destination view. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 35(1), 101975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2026.101975 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Basalamah, M. S. A., & Basalamah, J. (2025). The role of organisational culture and digital leadership in enhancing employee development skills during digital transformation: Mediating role of technology readiness. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 34(1), 12–28. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2025.149031 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Ben Ghrbeia, S., & Alzubi, A. (2024). Building micro-foundations for digital transformation: A moderated mediation model of the interplay between digital literacy and digital transformation. Sustainability, 16(9), 3749. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093749 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Bhavsar, V., Samanta, P. K., & Balla, B. S. (2025). Enhancing port efficiency and competitiveness through digitalisation: An assessment of India’s major ports using the digital readiness index. World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research, 19(2), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1504/WRITR.2025.151049 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Castro Benavides, L. M., Tamayo-Arias, J. A., Burgos, D., & Martens, A. (2026). Measuring digital transformation in higher education institutions – content validity instrument. Applied Computing and Informatics, 26(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/ACI-03-2022-0069 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Chikaji, A. I., Salisu, B. and Numan, P. E. (2024). Blended learning and student engagement in post-pandemic Northern Nigerian universities. International Journal of Economics & Development Policy, 7(1), 195-218. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Chounta, I.-A., Ortega-Arranz, A., Daskalaki, S., & Avouris, N. (2024). Toward a data-informed framework for the assessment of digital readiness of polytechnic and universities. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00491-0 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Cubillas-Para, C., Cegarra-Navarro, J. G., & Vǎtǎmǎnescu, E.-M. (2024). Gliding from regenerative unlearning toward digital transformation via collaboration with customers and organisational agility. Journal of Business Research, 181, 114637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114637 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Dosek, T. (2020). Multilevel research designs: Case selection, levels of analysis, and scope conditions. Studies in Comparative International Development, 55(4), 460-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-020-09313-6 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Fu, F., Zha, W., & Zhou, Q. (2023). The impact of enterprise digital capability on employee sustainable performance: From the perspective of employee learning. Sustainability, 15(17), 12897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712897 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. González Pérez, L.-I., Enciso-González, J. A., Vicario Solorzano, C. M., & Ramirez-Montoya, M.-S. (2025). Measuring Digital Transformation in Education 4.0 with DT-Smarty: Valid and Reliable Model. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 30(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-025-09844-8 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Hamid, R. (2022). The role of employees’ technology readiness, job meaningfulness and proactive personality in adaptive performance. Sustainability, 14(23), 15696. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315696 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Höyng, M., & Lau, A. (2023). Being ready for digital transformation: How to enhance employees’ intentional digital readiness. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 12, 100314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100314 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Kadoić, N., Monllau, T., & Lacueva Rueda, J. (2024). Measuring the digital maturity of organisations in the people care sector. Sustainability, 16(20), 9053. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16209053 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Kim, J., & Park, Y. (2025). Influence of organizational digital transformation competencies on individual job performance: The mediating effects of organizational supportive learning environment and individual readiness for change. Industrial and Commercial Training, 57(2), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-07-2024-0062 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Laaber, F., Florack, A., Koch, T., & Hubert, M. (2023). Digital maturity: Development and validation of the Digital Maturity Inventory (DIMI). Computers in Human Behavior, 143, 107709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107709 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Meena, G., & Santhanalakshmi, K. (2025). Deconstructing digital transformation: A multidimensional analysis of digital literacy’s role in shaping human capital and driving organizational success. ECONOMICS - Innovative and Economics Research Journal, 13(1), 88–105. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2025-0018 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. Muduli, A., & Choudhury, A. (2025). Exploring the role of workforce agility on digital transformation: A systematic literature review. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 32(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-02-2023-0108 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. Mueller, R. O., & Hancock, G. R. (2015). Factor analysis and latent structure analysis: Confirmatory factor analysis. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 686–690). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.25009-5 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. Nair, B. B., & Sandip, S. (2023). Student perceptions of knowledge management and institutional readiness for online classes amid COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge Management and E-Learning, 15(2), 245–265. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2023.15.016 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Nazyrova, A., Milosz, M., Bekmanova, G., & Kadyr, Y. (2025). The digital transformation of higher education in the context of an AI-driven future. Sustainability, 17(22), Article 9927. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17229927 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. Neunaber, T., Mortsiefer, A., & Meister, S. (2025). Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure digital maturity of general practitioner practices: Web-based cross-sectional survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e81416. https://doi.org/10.2196/81416 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
29. Newman, D. A. (2014). Missing data: Five practical guidelines: Organizational Research Methods, 17(4), 372-411. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442811454859 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
30. Niemiec, A., & Zerbst, S. ł. (2025). Between technology and institutions: systemic, institutional, and social enablers of digital transformation. Procedia Computer Science, 245, 554–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.554 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
31. Ogbonna, R. N. O., Onuoha-Chidiebere, U., Ike, F., & Ofondu, M. M. (2025). Metacognitive analysis of electronic technology use in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Discover Education, 4(1), Article 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00894-9 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
32. Özşahin, M., Alma Çallı, B. A., & Coşkun, E. (2022). ICT Adoption Scale Development for SMEs. Sustainability, 14(22), 14897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214897 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
33. Papadonikolaki, E., & Morgan, B. (2026). Leading psychologically safe digitally enabled project teams. Project Management Journal, 57(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/87569728251362760 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
34. Paredes-Aguirre, M., & Fernandez-Solis, C. (2025). How digital self-efficacy boosts employment hope: A multigroup analysis across organizational levels. Advances in Public Health, 2025, Article 4055012. https://doi.org/10.1155/adph/4055012 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
35. Park, H. E. (2025). Navigating the paradox of digital platforms: Affordances, constraints, and the gradual path. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 35(4), 896–915. https://doi.org/10.14329/apjis.2025.35.4.896 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
36. Pingali, S. R., Singha, S., Arunachalam, S., & Pedada, K. (2023). Digital readiness of small and medium enterprises in emerging markets: The construct, propositions, measurement, and implications. Journal of Business Research, 157, 113973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113973 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
37. Podsakoff, P. M., Podsakoff, N. P., Williams, L. J., Huang, C., & Yang, J. (2024). Common method bias: It's bad, it's complex, it's widespread, and it's not easy to fix. Annual Review Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 11, 17-61. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
38. Rüller, S. (2025), Moving beyond the WEIRD: Lessons from an Amazigh community in shaping pluralistic digital futures, Springer VS, Wiesbaden. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
39. Ryder, C., MacKean, T., Ullah, S., Hunter, K., Rogers, K., Coombs, J., & Edmondson, W. (2019). Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure attitude change in health professionals after completion of an Aboriginal Health and Cultural Safety Training Programme. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 48(2), 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.37 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
40. Sabani, N., Jimmie, A., & Salleh, S. M. (2023. Factors influencing the use of digital learning personalization. 11th International Conference on Information and Education Technology (ICIET), pp. 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIET56899.2023.10111345 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
41. Salisu, B. (2026, Feb. 8). Rethinking digital readiness in higher education: A behavioural–institutional framework for transformation. Staff Working Paper No. FPD/SMS/BAM/WP001 (8 February 2026), Department of Business Administration and Management, School of Management Sciences, The Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Nigeria. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
42. Salmerón-Gómez, R., García-García, C. B. & García-Pérez, J. (2025). A redefined variance inflation factor: Overcoming the limitations of the variance inflation factor. Computational Economics, 65, 337–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-024-10575-8 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
43. Scherrenberg, M., Falter, M., Kaihara, T., Dendale, P., & Coninx, K. (2023). Development and internal validation of the Digital Health Readiness Questionnaire: Prospective single-center survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e41615. https://doi.org/10.2196/41615 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
44. Schiuma, G., Santarsiero, F., Carlucci, D., & Jarrar, Y. (2024). Transformative leadership competencies for organizational digital transformation. Business Horizons, 67(5), 581–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2024.04.004 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
45. Sharafi, A., Beheshtifar, M., & Ziyaaddini, M. (2024). The study strategic unlearning model of sharing knowledge in Iran. International Journal of Knowledge Processing Studies, 4(1), 44–59. https://doi.org/10.22034/kps.2023.392615.1121 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
46. Silva, R. P., Mamede, H. S., & Santos, V. (2025). A new proposed model to assess the digital organizational readiness to maximize the results of the digital transformation in SMEs. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 10(1), 100644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100644 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
47. Soomro, M. A., Hizam-Hanafiah, M., & Abdullah, N.L. (2020). Digital readiness models: A systematic literature review. Compusoft, 9(3), 3575–3580. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
48. Starke, S., & Ludviga, I. (2025). Sustained learning as a dynamic capability for digital transformation: A multilevel quantitative study on workforce readiness and digital services in healthcare. Sustainability, 17(20), 9184. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209184 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
49. Thuy, N. T. T., Thanh, H. P. T., Tran, T. T. B., & Si, L. T. (2023). Determinants of employee digital transformation readiness and job performance: A case of SMEs in Vietnam. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(4), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(4).2023.18 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
50. Trenerry, B., Chng, S., Wang, Y., Suhaili, Z. S., Lim, S. S., Lu, H. Y., & Oh, P. H. (2021). Preparing workplaces for digital transformation: An integrative review and framework of multi-level factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 620766. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.620766 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
51. Tsimpanis, K., Avouris, N., Chounta, I. A., & Balaouras, P. (2023). Implementing a data-driven framework for measuring digital readiness. EPiC Series in Computing, 90, 45–55. https://doi.org/10.29007/ds3v [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
52. Vijayarani, S., Sowmiya, M., Harish, M., & Balaraman, B. (2025). Employee adoption of digital technologies: Role of employee competence and readiness. International Journal of Business and Systems Research, 19(1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBSR.2025.149072 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
53. Zhao, D., Wang, Y., Shu, E., & Wu, Y. J. (2026). Impact of individual unlearning on employees’ behavioral resistance to digital transformation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 202, Article 124405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124405 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
54. Zhong, Q., Jiang, J., Bai, W., Zhong, X. (2025). Application of digital-intelligent technologies in physical education. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, Article 1626603. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1626603 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
55. Zhou, Q., Huang, R., & Mao, J. Y. (2025). A serial mediation effect of digital transformation on employee performance: An ability-motivation-opportunity framework and employee unlearning. Journal of Business Research, 186, 115696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115696 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
56. Zincirli, M., & Polat, E. (2025). Development of the Digital Transformation Scale: Assessment of measurement invariance. SAGE Open, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251378827 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- Assessment of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Repositioning TVET for Economic Development in Nigeria
- Teachers’ Use of Assure Model Instructional Design on Learners’ Problem Solving Efficacy in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya
- “E-Booksan Ang Kaalaman”: Development, Validation, and Utilization of Electronic Book in Academic Performance of Grade 9 Students in Social Studies
- Analyzing EFL University Students’ Academic Speaking Skills Through Self-Recorded Video Presentation
- Major Findings of The Study on Total Quality Management in Teachers’ Education Institutions (TEIs) In Assam – An Evaluative Study