Perceived of School Heads Instructional Supervision and Teacher Continuing Professional Development as Predictors of Teacher Competencies

Authors

Juvy Queen L. Aranas

Graduate School Holy Cross of Davao College (Philippines)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100500437

Subject Category: Education

Volume/Issue: 10/5 | Page No: 6505-6522

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-05-10

Accepted: 2026-05-15

Published: 2026-06-03

Abstract

Low teacher competencies are disconcerting. The significance of the model for teacher competencies using instructional supervision and teachers continuing professional development as predictors, was verified. Through predictive research design and regression analysis used in analyzing the data from 150 teachers selected through total enumeration, it was found that teacher competencies are strongly and significantly predicted by instructional supervision and continuing professional development. Hence, the Self-Determination Theory was fully supported. Future research may identify other predictors of teacher competencies, while school leaders may improve supervision and professional development based on teacher needs.

Keywords

School heads instructional supervision, teacher continuing professional development, predictors of teacher competencies

Downloads

References

1. Akoglu, H. (2023). User’s guide to correlation coefficients. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 23(1), 1–3. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Alcopra, J., & Daigon, R. (2024). Instructional supervision practices and efficacy of teachers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i08-13 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Amadora, M. G., et al. (2024). Instructional supervision, teachers’ professional competence, and students’ achievement amid pandemic in SOCCSKSARGEN Region. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Ambon, J., Alias, B. S., Komariah, A., & Mansor, A. N. (2024). The impact of continuous professional development on teaching quality: A systematic review. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 13(6), 3838–3847. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i6.30427 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Arazo, V., & Hasanodin, H. (2024). Competencies and Performance of Teachers in Balo-I District. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 20(4), 1-1. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Camral, R. A., & Sumayo, J. P. (2025). Continuing professional development and teachers’ pedagogical competence. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Cevikbaş, M., König, J., & Rothland, M. (2023). Empirical research on teacher competence in mathematics lesson planning: Recent developments. ZDM—Mathematics Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-023-01487-2 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Daigon, M. E., & Alcopra, A. R. (2024). Instructional supervision practices and teachers’ efficacy. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2023). Effective teacher professional development: Research, policy, and practice. Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/effective-teacher-professional-development-report [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Department of Education (DepEd). (2023). Philippine professional standards for teachers: Monitoring report. DepEd Philippines. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2023). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 12(1), 1–5. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Frontiers in Education. (2025). Continuing professional development in teachers: Insights for designing a formative trajectory in scientific education. Frontiers in Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Frost, J. (2023). Regression analysis: An intuitive guide for using and interpreting linear models. Statistics By Jim Publishing. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Gnambs, T. (2023). A brief note on the standard error of the Pearson correlation. Collabra: Psychology, 9(1), 87615. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. González Hernández, R., et al. (2023). Teachers’ teaching and professional competences assessment. Teaching and Teacher Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Hassan, M. (2024). Correlational research: Methods, types, and examples. ResearchMethod.net. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. He, P., Guo, F., & Abazie, G. A. (2024). School principals’ instructional leadership as a predictor of teacher professional development. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9, Article 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-024-00290-0 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Hermoso, J. R., & Brobo, M. A. (2023). Influence of teaching competencies to performance: Basis for professional development. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 44(4), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2023/v44i4969 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Investopedia. (2023, June 1). Multiple linear regression (MLR): Definition, formula, and example. Retrieved October 23, 2025, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mlr.asp [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Kırkıç, K. A., Töre, E., Çetin, E., & Uysal, O. K. (2025). Teacher’s professional development competencies scale (TPDCS). SAGE Open, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251382637 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Kaur, P., Stoltzfus, J., & Yellapu, V. (2023). Descriptive statistics. International Journal of Academic Medicine, 9(1), 41–47. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Lee, S. H., & Kim, E. (2022). Descriptive statistics. In Scholarly Research in Music (pp. 156-164). Routledge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Li, S. (2024). Correlational research. In Encyclopedia of psychology. Springer. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Madera, C. G., & Baguio, J. B. (2025). Instructional supervision approaches and professional responsibilities of teachers in public elementary schools. EPRA International Journal of Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra23784 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Mangadlao, J., & Oropa, J. (2025). Enhancing Supervisory Programs through Instructional Practices of School Heads. Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 3(3), 398-406. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Manigbas, R., et al. (2024). Teachers’ competencies in instructional strategies and assessment practices. Philippine Journal of Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Merino, C., Pacheco, G., Arenas-Martija, A., Becerra, R., & Solís-Pinilla, J. (2025). Continuing professional development in teachers: Insights for designing a formative trajectory in scientific education. Frontiers in Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1537502 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., & Gupta, A. (2023). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 26(1), 72–78. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Molina-Moreno, P., Molero-Jurado, M. del M., Pérez-Fuentes, M. del C., & Gázquez-Linares, J. J. (2024). Analysis of personal competences in teachers: A systematic review. Frontiers in Education, 9, Article 1433908. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1433908 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Oestar, J. M. Teacher’s Continuing Professional Development in the New Normal: Groundwork for Project META (Monitoring, Evaluation, and Technical Assistance Plan). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Parmigiani, D., et al. (2023). Assessing global competence in teacher education. Journal of Education for Teaching. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Ponto, J. (2023). Understanding and evaluating survey research. Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology, 14(2), 168–171. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Rural, J. D. (2021). Competency in assessment of selected DepEd teachers in National Capital Region. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 10(4), pp-639. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Ryan, R. (2009). Self-determination theory and well-being. Social Psychology, 84(822), 848. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Sahu, P. (2023). Continuous professional development of teachers and its impact on teaching competencies. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Sahu, A. (2023). Impact of continuous professional development on teacher effectiveness. International Journal of Research in Education, 12(4). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Siedlecki, S. L. (2023). Research methods: Survey research. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 37(1), 8–9. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. Sharma, G. (2023). Pros and cons of different sampling techniques. International Journal of Applied Research, 9(2), 45–50. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. UNESCO. (2024). Global report on teachers: Addressing teacher shortages and transforming the profession. UNESCO Publishing. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. Wu, C. C., Yang, C. Y., Hwang, M. S., & Lin, M. Y. (2025). The design and application of a web-based teacher evaluation system for STEM education. International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education, 62(3), 241-251. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020720919852783 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles