Perceived School Head Leadership Style and Environmental Factors as Determinants of Professional Motivation of Teachers: A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

Authors

Kenneth H. Budiongan

MAEd-Educational Management Holy Cross of Davao College (Philippines)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.1026EDU0242

Subject Category: Education

Volume/Issue: 10/26 | Page No: 3028-3037

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-04-16

Accepted: 2026-04-21

Published: 2026-05-14

Abstract

Poor professional motivation is a global concern. The significance of the contribution of school head leadership style and environmental factors as causes of professional motivation of teachers was determined. Using a diagnostic research design and surveying 234 teachers selected through total enumeration sampling, the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that school head leadership style does not significantly influence teachers’ professional motivation; whereas environmental factors do, partly affirming the Path-Goal Theory of Leadership that emphasizes the leader’s role in facilitating conditions that enhance motivation. Future research should examine additional variables and use qualitative approaches to gain deeper insight into teachers’ professional motivation, while school leaders are encouraged to strengthen programs that enhance the educational work environment to better support and sustain motivation.

Keywords

Perceived school head leadership style, environmental factors, professional motivation of teachers, multiple linear regression analysis

Downloads

References

1. Alabi, O. (2023). Introduction to descriptive statistics. In IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.XXXXXX [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Collie, R. J. (2023). Teacher motivation and well-being: Understanding the role of motivation in educational outcomes. Educational Psychology Review, 35(2), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-022-09682-3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. EVS Institute. (2025). Types of research designs in environmental science. https://evs.institute/research-methodology-for-environmental-science/types-research-designs-environmental-science/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Goodfellow, L. T. (2023). An overview of survey research. Respiratory Care, 68(9), 1309–1313. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.11041 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Guo, L. (2023). The impact of school organizational climate on teachers’ motivation and performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1178456. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1178456 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. House, R. J. (1996). Path–goal theory of leadership: Lessons, legacy, and a reformulated theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), 323–352.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90024-7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Khan, E. (2023). Regression analysis: An overview of techniques for modeling relationships between variables. Journal of Statistics and Mathematical Sciences, 9, Article 001. https://doi.org/10.4172/JStatsMathSci.9.2.001 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Kraft, M. A., & Lyon, M. A. (2023). The rise and fall of teacher motivation in the United States. Educational Researcher, 52(4), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X231165678 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. OECD. (2023). Teachers and school leaders as lifelong learners: Insights from TALIS 2023. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/3b9f4c4d-en [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Oliveira, P.D., Rufini, S.É., & Bzuneck, J.A. (2023). Teacher’s motivation for teaching: questionnaire validity evidence. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 40, e210084. https://doi.org/10.1590/19820275202340e210084 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Siregar, T. (2025). Descriptive statistics: Concepts, data collection methods, and sampling techniques in quantitative research. ResearchGate. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Sims, S. (2021). Why do some schools struggle to retain staff? Development and validation of the Teachers' Working Environment Scale (TWES). Review of Education, 9(3), e3304. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Sitorus, I. P., & Albina, M. (2025). Mengurai benang merah: Memahami esensi penelitian korelasional. QAZI: Journal of Islamic Studies, 2(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.61104/qz.v2i1.283 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Sun, Y., & Xia, J. (2024). School climate, organizational factors, and their influence on teacher motivation and engagement: The mediating role of contextual variables. Teaching and Teacher Education, 139, 104462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104462 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Suryani, A., & Widodo, H. (2023). Teacher motivation and professional engagement in Indonesian schools. International Journal of Educational Development, 95, 102688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102688 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Taherdoost, H. (2023). Sampling methods in research methodology: How to choose a sampling technique for research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 12(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4476118 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. The Orchid. (2021). The Shortage of Teachers in Southeast Asia. Retrieved from https://theorchidto.com/2850-2/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Tolentino, A. B., Cruz, E. C., & Ablaza, G. M. (2023). Self-efficacy, interest, and effort indicators in the teaching motivation of public senior high school teachers in the Philippines. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Velu, G. S. K. (2023). The advantages of diagnostic research design. https://drgskvelu.com/healthcare/the-advantages-of-diagnostic-research-design/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Virgana, V., & Lapasau, M. (2024). Elevating teachers’ performance through locus of control, leadership style, environmental factors, and work motivation. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 16(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2024.16.003 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Yasser, A. (2021). School environment and teacher motivation: A review of inconsistent findings and implications for practice. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 6(3), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.2021.6.3.215 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles