Realist, Legal, and Philosophical Foundations of Geopolitics, Security, and Human Development

The purpose of this paper is to address the persistent divide between geopolitics and state security, on the one hand, and human development on the other, by proposing an integrated analytical framework. The key objectives are to examine the theoretical separation between realist approaches to power and security and liberal-ethical perspectives on human dignity and development, and to develop a unified framework that connects these domains. The study adopts a conceptual and normative methodology, drawing on political theory, international law, and contemporary international relations scholarship. The findings reveal that while geopolitics and state security continue to be shaped by realist notions of power, their legitimacy and sustainability increasingly depend on international legal norms and ethical considerations of human development. The paper demonstrates that these dimensions are not mutually exclusive but are interdependent in shaping global governance. The paper concludes by proposing a triangular framework linking power, law, and ethics as essential and interconnected pillars of a stable and humane international order. This integrated approach has significant implications for international relations theory, public policy formulation, and the future direction of global governance.

geopolitics, realism, international law

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