Research Analysis and Integrated System (RAIS): A Web Based Interactive Contents on SPSS Analysis

Many students in Malaysian higher education institution find SPSS data analysis difficult because of their lack of knowledge on theories, unfamiliarity with English terms used in statistics, and difficulties with SPSS user interface. As a result, under normal learning conditions, most students usually just click through different buttons and perform procedural steps rather than gain insight into what the output of the process means. At other times, they adhere to the procedures provided in the handout without fully understand them. Therefore, Research Analysis and Integrated System (RAIS), a web-based tutor that combines pedagogic scaffolding with technology and content, is designed in order to overcome the above issues. RAIS is not meant to provide immediate results of students’ work. Rather, using Cognitive Load Theory, Scaffolding, and Zone of Proximal Development, Constructivism, and principles of multimedia learning, RAIS teaches students step-by-step process on how to work within SPSS programs. RAIS features not only provide guidance but are purposely designed to help students comprehend and increase expertise. In the attempt to explain how RAIS is different from other similar solutions, this paper discusses design principles and architecture of RAIS, and its development is clearly theory-driven. In addition, a brief outline of the future design-based pilot study is provided.

cognitive load, scaffolding, zone of proximal development, SPSS education, multimedia learning

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