Residents’ Perception on the Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT): A Quantitative Study on Security, Response Time, and Community Trust
Authors
College of Criminology, Misamis University, Oroquieta City (Philippines)
College of Criminology, Misamis University, Oroquieta City (Philippines)
College of Criminology, Misamis University, Oroquieta City (Philippines)
College of Criminology, Misamis University, Oroquieta City (Philippines)
College of Criminology, Misamis University, Oroquieta City (Philippines)
Article Information
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100300247
Subject Category: Social science
Volume/Issue: 10/3 | Page No: 3304-3311
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-03-11
Accepted: 2026-03-16
Published: 2026-04-02
Abstract
This study examined residents’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in one of the barangays in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines, focusing on security, response time, and community trust. A quantitative descriptive–correlational research design was employed, with 260 residents selected through simple random sampling completing a validated researcher-developed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Pearson correlation to assess BPAT effectiveness and the relationships among the variables.
Keywords
Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team, community trust, response time, crime prevention, public safety
Downloads
References
1. Ariel, B., Bland, M., & Sutherland, A. (2022). The effect of police presence on crime and disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18(2), e1246. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1246 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Boateng, F. D. (2022). Trust in the police and citizens’ willingness to report crimes in developing contexts. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 69, 100530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2022.100530 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Bolger, P. C., & Walters, G. D. (2020). The relationship between police procedural justice and citizen cooperation: A meta-analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 66, 101685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2019.101685 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Bradford, B., Jackson, J., & Stanko, E. A. (2020). Contact and confidence: Revisiting the impact of public encounters with the police. Policing and Society, 30(5), 559–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2019.1576676 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Doquilla, F. L., Ayeo-eo, S. P., & Almerol, P. M. (2023). Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team of selected barangays of Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 9(1), 128–133. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra12284 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Hamm, J. A., Trinkner, R., & Carr, J. D. (2020). Fair process, trust, and cooperation: Moving toward a more comprehensive model of procedural justice. Journal of Criminal Justice, 69, 101703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101703 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Jackson, J., & Bradford, B. (2021). Blurring the distinction between empirical and normative legitimacy? A methodological commentary on public trust in the police. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 17(1), 93–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-019-09386-3 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Kochel, T. R., Parks, R., & Mastrofski, S. D. (2020). Examining police effectiveness as a precursor to legitimacy and cooperation with police. Justice Quarterly, 37(2), 293–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2018.1459038 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Lee, H., & Cho, S. (2021). Policing legitimacy and citizen cooperation: The mediating role of public trust. Police Quarterly, 24(2), 165–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120951766 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Mazerolle, L., Antrobus, E., Bennett, S., & Tyler, T. R. (2020). Shaping citizen perceptions of police legitimacy: A randomized field trial of procedural justice. Criminology, 58(1), 121–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12222 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Mourtgos, S. M., Adams, I. T., & Nix, J. (2020). The effect of managerial procedural justice on police officers’ trust in leadership. Police Quarterly, 23(3), 297–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611119896202 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Nalla, M. K., & Nam, Y. (2021). Police legitimacy and citizen cooperation: The role of trust in the police. Policing: An International Journal, 44(3), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-08-2020-0129 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Nix, J., & Wolfe, S. E. (2021). Sensitivity to the Ferguson effect: The role of managerial organizational justice. Journal of Criminal Justice, 74, 101808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101808 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Nix, J., Pickett, J. T., Baek, H., & Alpert, G. P. (2020). Police research, officer-involved shootings, and community trust in law enforcement. Criminology & Public Policy, 19(3), 969–991. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12487 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Radburn, M., Stott, C., Bradford, B., & Robinson, M. (2022). When is policing fair? The influence of procedural justice and legitimacy on cooperation with the police. Policing and Society, 32(3), 310–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2020.1822582 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Schafer, J. A., Burruss, G. W., & Giblin, M. J. (2022). Community trust and perceptions of police legitimacy: The influence of transparency and accountability. Policing: An International Journal, 45(4), 695–709. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-09-2021-0138 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Sunshine, J., & Tyler, T. R. (2020). The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing. Law & Society Review, 54(2), 456–481. https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12468 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Taganas, M. J. F., & Gupit, E. F. E. (2025). Lived experiences of collaborative synergy in community policing: A phenomenological study of BPAT and police partnership. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.913COM0021 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Tankebe, J., & Meško, G. (2023). Police legitimacy and public trust: Insights from comparative policing research. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 17(1), paac071. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac071 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Trinkner, R. (2021). Procedural justice, legitimacy, and cooperation with police: A meta-analytic review. Annual Review of Criminology, 4, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-061020-021103 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Yesberg, J. A., & Bradford, B. (2021). Policing fairness and public trust: The role of perceived police effectiveness. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 15(2), 1185–1201. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paaa061 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- The Impact of Ownership Structure on Dividend Payout Policy of Listed Plantation Companies in Sri Lanka
- Urban Sustainability in North-East India: A Study through the lens of NER-SDG index
- Performance Assessment of Predictive Forecasting Techniques for Enhancing Hospital Supply Chain Efficiency in Healthcare Logistics
- The Fractured Self in Julian Barnes' Postmodern Fiction: Identity Crisis and Deflation in Metroland and the Sense of an Ending
- Impact of Flood on the Employment, Labour Productivity and Migration of Agricultural Labour in North Bihar