Teacher Sense of Efficacy in Teaching in Inclusive Classroom: As Predicted by Teacher Beliefs and Attitude
Authors
Teacher I, Crispin E. Rojas National High School, Davao Oriental (Philippines)
Faculty, Holy Cross of Davao College, Davao City (Philippines)
Article Information
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100500880
Subject Category: Education
Volume/Issue: 10/5 | Page No: 12995-13005
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-05-22
Accepted: 2026-05-27
Published: 2026-06-16
Abstract
Low teacher self-efficacy in inclusive classroom is disconcerting. Teacher sense of efficacy in teaching in inclusive classroom was explored as predicted by beliefs toward teaching in inclusive classroom and attitude towards teaching in inclusive classroom. A predictive research design, random sampling, survey, and multiple linear regression were used as methods. Data from 239 public school teachers revealed that the predictive model was strong (65.4%) and significant, partially supporting the Theory of Planned Behavior. Future studies may explore additional predictors and contextual factors to further explain the remaining variance in teacher sense of efficacy in teaching in inclusive classroom, while educational leaders may prioritize strengthening teacher beliefs toward teaching in inclusive classroom to enhance efficacy in inclusive classroom practices.
Keywords
Teacher sense of efficacy, teaching in inclusive classroom, teacher beliefs and attitude
Downloads
References
1. Afriani, G. (2025). The Role of Teachers in Implementing Inclusive Education for Children with Special Needs in General School Enviroments. Global Education Journal, 3(2), 575–583. https://doi.org/10.59525/gej.v3i2.751 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behaviour. Berlin: Springer. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Alliu, I., Yu, L., Samawi, H., & Kersey, J. (2025). Optimizing Sample Size for Accelerated Failure Time Model in Progressive Type-II Censoring through Rank Set Sampling. International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research, 14, 86-99. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Alsayed, A. R. (2025). Mastering Descriptive Statistics in JASP: From data to decisions for measures of central tendency and dispersion. Preprints.org. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.0623.v1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Arboiz, N. a. C., & Aoanan, N. G. O. (2024). Teacher efficacy and attitude in inclusive education as predictors of readiness for inclusive education: An explanatory sequential design. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 838–851. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra17137 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Barnová, S., Kožuchová, M., Krásna, S., & Osaďan, R. (2022). Teachers’ Professional Attitude towards teaching in inclusive classroom towards Inclusive Education. Emerging Science Journal, 6, 13–24. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2022-sied-02 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Charitaki, G., Vretudaki, H., & Kypriotaki, M. (2025). Assessing mathematics teaching efficacy profiles in kindergarten: The impact of special educational needs, school climate, responsibility for student achievement, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Asian Journal for Mathematics Education, 4(3), 394–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/27527263251329953 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Erlbaum. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Cozmuta, L. M. (2025). The application of multiple linear regression methods to FTIR spectra of fingernails for predicting gender and age of human subjects. Heliyon, 11(4), e42815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42815 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Fohlin, L., Allodi, M. W., & Sedem, M. (2024). Collective teacher efficacy and its relationship to attitude towards teaching in inclusive classroom to inclusion of students with special educational needs in Sweden. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 40(3), 457–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2024.2380592 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Gal, C., Ryder, C. H., Amsalem, S. R., & On, O. (2025). Shaping Inclusive Classrooms: Key Factors Influencing Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Inclusion of Students with Special Needs. Education Sciences, 15(5), 541. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15050541 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Herzl Johnson, S. (2023). The role of teacher self-efficacy in the implementation of inclusive practices. Journal of Inclusive Education, 33(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/10526846231174147 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Huang, F. (2023). The relationship between trait mindfulness and inclusive education attitude towards teaching in inclusive classroom of primary school teachers: a multiple mediating model. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1280352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1280352 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Kang, K., Jones, M. T., Armstrong, K., Avery, S., McHugo, M., Heckers, S., & Vandekar, S. (2023). Accurate confidence and Bayesian interval estimation for non-centrality parameters and effect size indices. Psychometrika, 88(1), 253–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-022-09899-x [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Lim, W. M. (2024). What is quantitative research? An overview and guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 33(3), 325–348. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264622 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Long, Y., Sharma, U., & Subban, P. (2025). Teachers’ attitude towards teaching in inclusive classroom and self-efficacy toward inclusive education in mainland China: a meta-analysis. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2025.2526872 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Ma, T., & Lee, Y. (2026). Overview of quantitative research. Family Medicine, 58(2), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2026.406133 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Masongsong, J. M., Lopres, J. R., Aguirre, M. M., Lopres, G. M., Enriquez, D. M., Bautista, F. B., Niadas, G. Y., & Virtusio, J. D. T. (2023). Level of teachers’ training in inclusive education and their sense of efficacy. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v6i5p108 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Muhammad, A. E., & Liu, Y. (2025). Effect of teacher education initiatives in shaping preservice teachers’ perceptions of and Self-Efficacy in implementing inclusive education. Australasian Journal of Special and Inclusive Education, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/jsi.2025.10006 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Raguindin, P. Z. J., & Ping, L. Y. (2025). Key Competencies of Filipino Teachers for Inclusive Education: Insights from a Delphi Study. SAGE Open, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251351731 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Republic of the Philippines. (2012). Republic Act No. 10173: Data Privacy Act of 2012. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/08/15/republic-act-no-10173/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Sharma, U., Loreman, T., & Forlin, C. (2011). Measuring teacher efficacy to implement inclusive practices. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 12(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-3802.2011.01200.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Woodcock, S., Gibbs, K., Hitches, E., & Regan, C. (2023). Investigating teachers’ beliefs toward teaching in inclusive classroom in inclusive education and their levels of Teacher Self-Efficacy: Are teachers constrained in their capacity to implement inclusive teaching practices? Education Sciences, 13(3), 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13030280 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. Woodcock, S., Sharma, U., Subban, P., & Hitches, E. (2022). Teacher self-efficacy and inclusive education practices: Rethinking teachers’ engagement with inclusive practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, 117, Article 103802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103802 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. Wüthrich, S., & Lozano, C. S. (2025). The attitudes to inclusion and Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices scales: psychometric properties across Swiss in-service, pre-service, and special education teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1531782. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1531782 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. Xafakos, E., & Malafantis, K. (2025). Greek Primary School Teachers’ Attitude towards teaching in inclusive classroom and Perceptions towards Inclusive Education, Self-efficacy, Intention and Individual Innovativeness: An Investigation of Their Relationship. European Journal of Inclusive Education, 4(1), 36–51. https://doi.org/10.7146/ejie.v4i1.147955 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Xin, W., Liu, C., Zhang, Z., & Yao, X. (2023). A person-centred examination of inclusive teachers’ beliefs toward teaching in inclusive classroom about teaching students with intellectual and developmental disabilities: profiles and relations to teacher efficacy. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 70(8), 1507–1519. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2023.2196470 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. You, S., Kim, E. K., & Shin, K. (2019). Teachers’ belief and efficacy toward inclusive education in early childhood settings in Korea. Sustainability, 11(5), 1489. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051489 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- Assessment of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Repositioning TVET for Economic Development in Nigeria
- Teachers’ Use of Assure Model Instructional Design on Learners’ Problem Solving Efficacy in Secondary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya
- “E-Booksan Ang Kaalaman”: Development, Validation, and Utilization of Electronic Book in Academic Performance of Grade 9 Students in Social Studies
- Analyzing EFL University Students’ Academic Speaking Skills Through Self-Recorded Video Presentation
- Major Findings of The Study on Total Quality Management in Teachers’ Education Institutions (TEIs) In Assam – An Evaluative Study