Two Sides of the Mirror: How Classroom Observations Are Appreciated By Master Teachers and Teachers

Authors

Melody M. Pariñas

Department of Education – Cal-lao Elementary School (Philippines)

Junford B. Collado

Department of Education - Sapdaan Elementary School (Philippines)

Frency B. Bernados

Department of Education - Cabcaburao Elementary School (Philippines)

Junmel B. Barreras

Department of Education – Abra High School (Philippines)

Sozei Pearl T. Balagso

Department of Education - Cabaruyan Elementary School (Philippines)

Maria Rebecca B. Talledo

College of Teacher education – Abra State Institute of Science and Technology (Philippines)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2026.10200425

Subject Category: Education

Volume/Issue: 10/2 | Page No: 5772-5786

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-02-25

Accepted: 2026-03-02

Published: 2026-03-14

Abstract

The present research analyzed the perception and appreciation of classroom observations by Master Teachers and Teachers at the Department of Senior High School, Division of Abra High School, Abra, Philippines. Based on the Philippine Professional Standards of Teachers framework (PPST), the study was intended to identify whether the process of classroom observation was considered to be developmental and whether or not there exist differences between the experiences of the observers (Master Teachers) and the observe (Teachers). A sequential mixed-methods design was used which is exploratory in nature. Semi-structured interviews conducted in the qualitative phase were analyzed using the thematic analysis that produced two major themes (1) Application and Refinement of Teaching Strategies and (2) Effective Utilization of Feedback for Instructional Improvement. The following themes were used in the construction of a validated survey instrument that was applied in the quantitative phase. The degree of classroom observation experiences and the analysis of differences between groups were assessed with the help of descriptive statistics, weighted mean, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Keywords

Classroom Observations, Professional Development, Reflective Practice, Mentorship

Downloads

References

1. Arvelo-Rosales, C. N., Alegre de la Rosa, O. M., & Guzmán-Rosquete, R. (2021). Initial Training of Primary School Teachers: Development of Competencies for Inclusion and Attention to Diversity. Education Sciences, 11(8), 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080413 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Deniz, Ş. (2025). A Systematic Research on Exploring How Differentiated Instruction Can Provide a Remedy to Facilitate and Promote Learning. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 33(3), 513–522. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1748550 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Dumandan, F., & Paglinawan, J. L. (2025). The Relationship of Professional Learning Communities’ (PLC) Engagement towards Teachers’ Competence. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, X(V), 499–516. https://doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2025.100500046 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Fiorilli, C., Buonomo, I., Romano, L., Passiatore, Y., Iezzi, D. F., Santoro, P. E., Benevene, P., & Pepe, A. (2020). Teacher Confidence in Professional Training: The Predictive Roles of Engagement and Burnout. Sustainability, 12(16), 6345. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166345 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Gan, Z., An, Z., & Liu, F. (2021). Teacher feedback practices, student feedback motivation, and feedback behavior: How are they associated with learning outcomes? Frontiers in Psychology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697045 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Grimm, F. (2023). Teacher leadership for teaching improvement in professional learning communities. Professional Development in Education, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2264286 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Görtzen, J. J. H., Stollman, S. H. M., Schellings, G. L. M., Vermunt, J. D., & Nieveen, N. M. (2025). Promoting students’ reflection through process-oriented feedback: Teachers’ conceptions, practices and learning needs. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 86, 101483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101483 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Herrera, P. D. P. (2024). Exploring teachers’ needs with the Philippine professional standards for teachers’ domains as framework: A case in basic education. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2024.24082 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Mae, M., Dayagbil, F. T., Alda, R. C., Baby Jane Uytico, & Francis, K. (2024). An exploration of the quality of graduates of Philippine teacher education institutions. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1235261 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. O’Leary, M. (2022). Rethinking teachers’ professional learning through unseen observation. Professional Development in Education, 50(6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2022.2125551 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Orr, R. B., Csikari, M. M., Freeman, S., & Rodriguez, M. C. (2022). Writing and using learning objectives. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 21(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.22-04-0073 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Reños, G., & Pontillas, P. (2024). Classroom Observation and Teachers’ Professional Development Activities: Basis for Intervention Plan. American Journal of Arts and Human Science, 3(3), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v3i3.3077 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Roallos, L. (2022). Utilization of Pedagogical Approaches in Implementing Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST). IOER INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL, 4(1), 64–73. https://www.ioer-imrj.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Utilization-of-Pedagogical-Approaches-in-Implementing-Philippine-Professional-Standards-for-Teachers-PPST-.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Rose, T., Deraya, A., & Saab, R. (n.d.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS) Learning Space, Lifestyle Practices and Assessment of Teacher’s Teaching Quality: Implications on Academic Performance in Technical-Vocational Livelihood Subjects. Retrieved February 21, 2026, from https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-9-issue-3s/3543-3586.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Silva-Didier, L., Schildkamp, K., Visscher, A. J., & Bosker, R. J. (2025). Improving teachers’ beliefs about using student feedback: Can professional learning communities make a difference? Studies in Educational Evaluation, 87, 101534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101534 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Tarusha, F., & Bushi, J. (2024). The Role of Classroom Observation, Its Impact on Improving Teacher’s Teaching Practices. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2(2), 718–723. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(2).63 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Weidlich, J., Gotsch, F., Schudel, K., Marusic-Würscher, C., Mazzarella, J., Bolten, H., Bütler, D., Luger, S., Wohlfender, B., & Merki, K. M. (2025). Teacher, peer, or AI? Comparing effects of feedback sources in higher education. Computers and Education Open, 9, 100300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100300 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Woods, P. J., & Çopur-Genctürk, Y. (2024). Examining the role of student-centered versus teacher-centered pedagogical approaches to self-directed learning through teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 138(138), 104415–104415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104415 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Zohrabi, M., & Ismail Xodabande. (2024). Reflective practice as a tool for teacher education: a comparison between individual and peer reflection of Iranian EFL teachers. Discover Education, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-024-00338-w [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles