Utilization of Alternative Emergency Equipment in Responding Calamities; the Stories of Rescuers amidst Critical Circumstances

Authors

Princess Joy D. Gio

College of Criminology, Misamis University, Ozamiz City (Philippines)

Heins Dannyl S. Eguia

College of Criminology, Misamis University, Ozamiz City (Philippines)

Kenth Aljay Majorenos

College of Criminology, Misamis University, Ozamiz City (Philippines)

John Alijandro Balaga.

College of Criminology, Misamis University, Ozamiz City (Philippines)

Bernaflor B. Canape

College of Criminology, Misamis University, Ozamiz City (Philippines)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100647

Subject Category: Social science

Volume/Issue: 9/11 | Page No: 8290-8303

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2025-12-11

Accepted: 2025-12-17

Published: 2025-12-29

Abstract

Emergency personnel play a crucial and frequently heroic role during these tumultuous and perhaps fatal situations. Their ability to act swiftly can make the difference between survival and tragedy for the affected communities. This study investigated the experiences of rescuers using makeshift emergency tools in disasters and how they respond, innovate, and adjust under extreme and high-stakes situations. Using a qualitative phenomenological research design, the study involved five active rescuers was selected through purposive sampling and employed semi-structured interviews analyzed through Moustakas thematic approach. Findings revealed 8 major themes: (1) community involvement matters, (2) resourcefulness and improvisation under pressure, (3) limitation and risk of improvised equipment, (4) delayed operations, (5) psychological stress and uncertainty, (6) training and skills development, (8) teamwork and coordination, and (8) need for local government support. The study concludes that an efficient emergency response depends not only on equipment and policies but also on rescuers’ ingenuity, commitment, and flexibility when they operate under duress. It is recommended that local government units should enhance rescue operations by improving support, training, and collaboration with communities and partner organizations for better disaster preparedness.

Keywords

Rescue, emergency personnel, safety, resilience

Downloads

References

1. Akpor, O. A. (2023). Lack of Adequate Equipment for Healthcare – The Agony of Improvising. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 16(1). https://tinyurl.com/hy69yx5j [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Al Salem, S. A. H., Al-Yami, H. M. A., Alomar, M. F. A., Al Sagrey, A. A. H., Alyami, H. A. M., Almutar, A. G., … & Alghamdi, S. S. (2024). A Strategic Framework for Emergency Medical Services: Crisis Preparedness and Response Plans for Future Pandemics: Developed by Specialists in Health Information, Administration, Nursing, Radiology, Dentistry, and Sociology. Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research, 7(S7), 1551. https://acesse.one/HIIBn [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Alhaffar, M. H., Abbas, A. K., & Abou Ali, B. (2023). Community participation in disaster risk reduction: A systematic review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 92, 103695.https://tinyurl.com/f4j3wa28 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Alinier, G., & Sonesson, L. (2025). Combining forces to improve simulation-based practices for Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Responses. Advances in Simulation, 10(1), 3. https://l1nk.dev/m70zc [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Alruqi, F., Aglago, E. K., & Cole, E. (2023). Factors associated with delayed pre-hospital times during trauma-related mass casualty incidents: A systematic review. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 17(5), 576–586. https://tinyurl.com/5fncmp8e [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Alruwaili, A., & Alanazy, A. R. M. (2022). Prehospital time interval for urban and rural emergency medical services: A systematic literature review. Healthcare (Basel), 10(12), 2391.https://tinyurl.com/2c8vs72d [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Alshowair, A., Bail, J., AlSuwailem, F., Mostafa, A., & Abdel-Azeem, A. (2024). Use of virtual reality exercises in disaster preparedness training: A scoping review. SAGE Open Medicine, 12, 20503121241239827.https://tinyurl.com/4a4athhz [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Arcaya, M., Raker, E. J., & Waters, M. C. (2020). The Social Consequences of Disasters: individual and community change. Annual Review of Sociology, 46(1), 671–691. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054827 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Arnaouti, M. K. C., Cahill, G., Baird, M. D., Mangurat, L., Harris, R., Edme, L. P. P., Joseph, M. N., Worlton, T., & Augustin, S. (2022). Medical disaster response: A critical analysis of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.99559 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Atkinson, C. L. (2022). Local Government emergency management. Encyclopedia, 3(1), 1-14. https://tinyurl.com/5y7my94d [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Awad, N. H. A., El-Sayed, B. K. M., & Ashour, H. M. A. A. A. (2025). Unlocking innovation and resilience among emergency nurses through cultural intelligence: insights from a structural equation model. BMC nursing, 24(1), 919. https://acesse.one/Gjl82 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Babamiri, G., & Karimiankakolaki, Z. (2025). Investigating the impact of crisis management training on clinical decision-making and management of stress factors in the personnel of emergency medical services: randomized controlled trial. BMC Medical Education, 25(1), 1180. https://acesse.one/7Q0Cl [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Baetzner, A. S., Hill, Y., Roszipal, B., Gerwann, S., Beutel, M., Birrenbach, T., … & Wrzus, C. (2025). Mass Casualty Incident Training in Immersive Virtual Reality: Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Multimethod Performance Indicators. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e63241.https://l1nk.dev/Kurka [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Bahattab, A. A. S., Zain, O., Linty, M., Camacho, N. A., Von Schreeb, J., Hubloue, I., … & Ragazzoni, L. (2024). Development and evaluation of scenario-based e-simulation for humanitarian health training: a mixed-methods action research study. BMJ open, 14(8), e079681. https://acesse.one/10lQa [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Bearman, C., Hayes, P., & Thomason, M. (2023). Facilitating teamwork in emergency management: The team process checklist. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 97, 103979. https://acesse.one/d2KMH [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Bekircan, E., Usta, G., & Torpuş, K. (2024). The effect of psychological first aid intervention on stress and psychological resilience in volunteers participating in 2023 earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Current Psychology, 43(12), 11383–11393.https://tinyurl.com/4zr2pj9t [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Bernuzzi, C., Svanella, R., & Setti, I. (2024). Navigating uncertainty: The importance of mindfulness for the mental health of volunteer rescuers involved in the Ukrainian humanitarian emergency. Psychology Hub, 41, 1–15.https://tinyurl.com/37tc2ces [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Bevan, M. P., Priest, S. J., Plume, R. C., & Wilson, E. E. (2022). Emergency first responders and professional wellbeing: A qualitative systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(22), 14649. https://acesse.one/ajXOJ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Bignami, D. F., Ambrosi, C., Bertulessi, M., Menduni, G., Pozzoni, M., & Zambrini, F. (2024). Governance strategies and tools towards the improvement of emergency management of natural disasters in transboundary areas. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 111, 104704.https://tinyurl.com/5xy6af4p [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Chabane, B., Komljenovic, D., & Abdul-Nour, G. (2023). Converging on human-centred industry, resilient processes, and sustainable outcomes in asset management frameworks. Environment Systems & Decisions, 43(4), 663–679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-023-09943-w [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Chae, Y.-J., Lee, H.-W., Kim, J.-H., Hwang, S.-W., & Park, Y.-Y. (2023). Design of a mixed reality system for simulating indoor disaster rescue. Applied Sciences, 13(7), 4418. https://tinyurl.com/3vak4ctb [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Cruz, C. J. B. (2022). Youth participation and disaster preparedness in selected Biñan, Laguna Lakeshore communities (Doctoral dissertation, UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAÑOS). https://acesse.one/1BvJM [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Cvetković, V. M., Tanasić, J., Ocal, A., Kešetović, Ž., Nikolić, N., & Dragašević, A. (2021). Capacity development of local self-governments for disaster risk management. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(19), 10406. https://l1nq.com/ot5NG [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Daniels, J., & Rettie, H. (2021). Coping and tolerance of uncertainty: Predictors and mediators of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 76(3), 427–438.https://tinyurl.com/3722m6e7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. De Wever, J., Hainselin, M., & Gignon, M. (2023). Applied improvisation and transdisciplinary simulation: a necessity for any health curriculum?. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1237126. https://acesse.one/rgXCD [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Del Carmen Cardós-Alonso, M., Otero-Varela, L., Redondo, M., Uzuriaga, M., González, M., Vazquez, T., … & Cintora-Sanz, A. M. (2024). Extended reality training for mass casualty incidents: a systematic review on effectiveness and experience of medical first responders. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17(1), 99.https://tinyurl.com/4daxen27 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Del Carmen Cardós-Alonso, M., Otero-Varela, L., Redondo, M., Uzuriaga, M., González, M., Vazquez, T., … & Cintora-Sanz, A. M. (2024). Extended reality training for mass casualty incidents: a systematic review on effectiveness and experience of medical first responders. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17(1), 99. https://acesse.one/iDQdG [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Del Castillo Miranda, J. C., Oweidat, M., Abady, E., Shehadeh, M. H., Aziz, M. M., Onyejesi, C. D., & Alsabri, M. (2025). Enhancing Pediatric Emergency Care in Low-Resource Settings Through Simulation-Based Training: A Narrative Review. Sage Open Pediatrics, 12, 30502225251319883. https://sl1nk.com/3GY0B [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. De Queiroz, L. A., da Silva, M. F. B., de Sousa, K. O., dos Santos, I. R. S., Kikuassa, N. L. J. V., & Waltermann, M. E. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING RESCUE TEAMS IN MEDICAL EMERGENCIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(11), 1-10. https://sl1nk.com/z4FfM [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Emimi, M., Khaleel, M., & Alkrash, A. (2023, July 20). The current opportunities and challenges in drone technology. https://ijees.org/index.php/ijees/article/view/47 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. Eryilmaz, İ., Dirik, D., & Öney, T. (2024). A phenomenological study on psychological resilience of aircraft rescue and fire fighting professionals. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-05862-4 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. Esmaeili, R., Yazdi, M., Rismanchian, M., & Shakerian, M. (2025). Unveiling the dynamics of team cognition in emergency response teams. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1534224. https://acesse.one/MclI6 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. Farokhzadian, J., Mangolian Shahrbabaki, P., Farahmandnia, H., Taskiran Eskici, G., & Soltani Goki, F. (2024). Nurses’ challenges for disaster response: a qualitative study. BMC emergency medicine, 24(1), 1. https://l1nk.dev/aQQof [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. Fornander, L., Garrido Granhagen, M., Molin, I., Laukkanen, K., Björnström Karlsson, K., Berggren, P., & Nilsson, L. (2024). The use of specific coordination behaviours to manage information processing and task distribution in real and simulated trauma teamwork: an observational study. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 32(1), 128.https://tinyurl.com/48famjhk [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. Gandotra, V., Oberoi, K., Sharma, P., & Yadav, Dr. A. (2023). Essentials of ergonomics (Revised) [Book]. Dominant Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd. http://www.wisdompress.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Essentials-of-Ergonomics.pdf#page=63 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. Giostra, V., Maiorano, T., & Vagni, M. (2024). What resilience skills do emergency workers need during a widespread phase of a socio-health emergency? A focus on the role of hardiness and resilience. Social Sciences, 14(1), 8. https://acesse.one/fzEgo [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. Gireada, A., Ilie, C., & Irimia, A. (2022). Research on rescuers’ training process in toxic / explosive / flammable environments. MATEC Web of Conferences, 354, 00054. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235400054 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Gooding, K., Bertone, M. P., Loffreda, G., & Witter, S. (2022). How can we strengthen partnership and coordination for health system emergency preparedness and response? Findings from a synthesis of experience across countries facing shocks. BMC health services research, 22(1), 1441. https://acesse.one/qVf9 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. Grabmaier, I., Bittner, S., Kainz, S., Barrado, C., Bagiyan, V., Bakunts, S., & Zamora, D. (2025). Enhancing community participation in Disaster Risk Management: Recommendations for an inclusive approach. Open Research Europe, 5(50), 50. https://acesse.one/kTNIq [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles