Volume V Issue XII

Multivariate Analysis of University Student’s Attitude Towards Financial Management

R. Noraini, Z.M. Lukman, C. Azlini, R. Normala, A.H. Mutia, M.Y. Kamal – December 2018 Page No.: 01-07

Financial problems will arise when an individual does not practice a good financial management. Financial management consists of attitude, behavior, and knowledge in managing the financial. This study was conducted to identify the student’s attitude in financial management in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). Students from 10 faculties and a total of 336 respondents were involved in this study. Data collection was conducted to collect information from the respondents during a one-month period. Each information obtained analyzed using the multivariate analysis to identify student’s attitude towards their financial management. Through multivariate analysis, a total of 15 question that had been answered by the students, only 3 questionnaires show the most significant answers and varies from all the faculties with p-value < 0.05. One of the identified variables revealed that the usages of credit cards upon helping a person in a financial management were more preferred by most of the respondents. Secondly, most respondents agreed that cash money usage is better than a credit card. Thirdly, respondents were aware of the risk in financial management waits for them in the future.

Page(s): 01-07                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 13 December 2018

 R. Noraini
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia.

 Z.M. Lukman
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia.

 C. Azlini
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia.

 R. Normala
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia.

 A.H. Mutia
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia.

 M.Y. Kamal
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia.

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R. Noraini, Z.M. Lukman, C. Azlini, R. Normala, A.H. Mutia, M.Y. Kamal “Multivariate Analysis of University Student’s Attitude Towards Financial Management” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.01-07 December 2018  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/01-07.pdf

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An Automatic Assessment of Multilingual Recognition with GUI
Saranya.K, Rajasekar.S.S – December 2018 – Page No.: 08-12

A great deal of negotiations throughout the past few years regarding the possibility of Text-to-Speech machines synthesize natural synthetic speech from texts. In the present paper, a Text-to-Speech synthesizer is developed that converts text into spoken word, by analyzing and processing it using google Text-To-Speech (gTTS) technology to convert this processed text into synthesized speech representation of the text. Similarly, Voice-to-Text synthesizer is developed that converts spoken words into text, by analyzing and processing it using speech_recognition as sr. This work is fully developed in Python language which is currently demanded in market using Python GUI Tkinter. This project increases the work opportunities for the physically challenged people and has increased their economy status.

Page(s): 08-12                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 13 December 2018

 Saranya.K
Assistant Professor/CSE/Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India

 Rajasekar.S.S
Assistant Professor/CSE/Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India

[1]. Abdulla, W. H., Chow, D., & Sin, G. (2003, October). Cross-words reference template for DTW-based speech recognition systems. In TENCON 2003.Conference on Convergent Technologies for the Asia-Pacific Region (Vol. 4, pp. 1576-1579). IEEE.
[2]. Alfi.A, M. Basuony and S. Atawy, “Intelligent Arabic text to Arabic Sign Language Translation for Easy Deaf Communication”,International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 92, no. 8, pp. 22-29, 2014.
[3]. Butzberger, J., Murveit, H., Shriberg, E., & Price, P. (1992, February). Spontaneous speech effects in large vocabulary speech recognition applications.In Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language (pp. 339-343).Association for Computational Linguistics.
[4]. Hon .H, A. Acero, X. Huang, J. Liu, and M. Plumpe,”Automatic Generation of Synthesis Units for TrainableText-to-Speech Systems”.
[5]. Lakshmi Sahu and Avinash Dhole,”Hindi &Telugu text to-Speech Synthesis(TTS) and inter-language text Conversion”,International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2012 1 ISSN2250-315.
[6]. Masatsune Tamura, Takashi Masuko, Keiichi Tokuda, Takao Kobayashi,” Text-To-Speech Synthesis With Arbitrary Speaker’s Voice From Average Voice”, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Euro speech 2001 Scandinavia.
[7]. Poonam.S.Shetake, s.A.Patil, p. M Jadhav,”Review Of Text To Speech Conversion Methods”,Proceedings of 10th IRF International Conference, 01st June-2014, Pune, India, ISBN: 978-93-84209-23-0.
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[10]. Tapas Kumar Patra, Biplab Patra, Puspanjali Mohapatra,” Text to Speech Conversion with Phonematic Concatenation”,International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology (IJECCT) Volume 2 Issue 5 (September 2012).

Saranya.K, Rajasekar.S.S “An Automatic Assessment of Multilingual Recognition with GUI ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.08-12 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/08-12.pdf

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Sensitivity Analysis of Overtime using Capacity Planning Levers
Ashish Pandey – December 2018 – Page No.: 13-18

Demand, Throughput rate, Utilization and Overtime are pillars of Capacity planning. Overtime is a function of Demand, Throughput rate and Utilization. A firm’s objective is to determine the distribution of the Overtime risk estimate using the independent marginal distributions and dependency structure between the capacity levers. This additional operating cost can be managed using capacity levers and cross training efforts in order to help the firm manage labor expenses to meet seasonal demand patterns. If not managed efficiently it can lead to higher than expected costs.Unlike a manufacturing firm the capacity planning for a services firm would vary significantly. Throughput rate for a services firm would vary in parallel with the seasonal demand because of the high dependency on human effort, in high volume period associates complete more transactions in the given time while in a lean period the processing time for a transaction would increase leading to decline in throughput rate. Given this dependency among capacity levers the paper describes the application of t-copula as a joint density estimation technique to model the correlation among Demand, Throughput rate and Utilization. Data is hypothecated for illustration purpose and reflects the business case to model the dependency among capacity levers.

Page(s): 13-18                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 13 December 2018

 Ashish Pandey

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Ashish Pandey “Sensitivity Analysis of Overtime using Capacity Planning Levers ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp. 13-18 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/13-18.pdf

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The Level of Understanding about Contraceptive and Human’s Reproduction System among University Students

H. Nabilah, C.Azlini, M.Y. Kamal, R. Normala, Z.M. Lukman – December 2018 Page No.: 19-24

The objective of this research is to determine the level of knowledge of the female students of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) about the reproductive system and contraception methods. A questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect basic data among UniSZA female students on their knowledge about the reproductive system and human contraceptive methods. The study sample consists of 350 female students aged 18 to 26 years old. The survey instrument consisted of 24 items divided into two parts. The first part had 10 questions and the second part had 14 questions of the reproductive system and contraceptive methods. A-24 item Miller-Fisk Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire asked for general feedback regarding the questionnaire. The questions pertained to the areas of demographics and sexual knowledge regarding the reproductive system and contraceptive methods. The analysis of this study uses the discriminant analysis (DA) controls the variables that separate among two or more clearly joined group or cluster. The results obtained in the three significant valueand mean (p < 0.05) that the student has the highest level of sexual knowledge pertaining to the reproductive system and contraceptive methods.

Page(s): 19-24                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 20 December 2018

 H. Nabilah
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

 C.Azlini
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

 M.Y. Kamal
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

 R. Normala
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

 Z.M. Lukman
Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

[1]. WHO, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, Partner Brief. Geneva,Switzerland, World Health Organization, 2009. WHO/RHR/09.02. Availableat whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2009/WHO_RHR_09.2_eng.pdf – accessed 15 June2011
[2]. Ingham, Roger. 2013. “A Well Kept Secret: Sex Education, Masturbation, and Public Health.” In The Politics of Pleasure in Sexuality Education: Pleasure Bound, edited by Louisa Allen, Mary Lou Rasmussen, and Kathleen Quinlivan, London: Routledge.
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[4]. Rani, M., & Lule, E. (2004). Exploring the socioeconomic dimensions of adolescents’ reproductive health: a multicountry analysis. International Family Planning Perspectives, 30(3): 110-117.
[5]. Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S.,Shanklin, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., & Wechsler,H. (2010). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance: (2009) Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries, 59(SS05): 1-142.
[6]. Leiblum, S., Wiegel, M., & Brickle, F., Statistical Consultant, & Private Practice.(2003). Sexual Attitudes Of US And Canadian Medical Students: The Role Of Ethnicity, Gender, Religion, And Acculturation. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 18(4): 473– 491.
[7]. Lee, S. H., Stark, A. K., O’Riordan, M. A., & Lazebnik, R. (2015). Awareness Of A Rape Crisis Center And Knowledge About Sexual Violence Among High School Adolescents. Journal Of Pediatric And Adolescent Gynaecology, 28:53–56.
[8]. Moise F: Sexual And Reproductive Rights Of Young People: Haiti Experience –Findings Of A Project Implemented By The Foundation For Reproductive Health And Family Education. Sexual Health Exchange 1999, 4(5).
[9]. Moyano, N., Monge, F. S., & Sierra, J. C.(2017). Predictors Of Sexual Aggression In Adolescents: Gender Dominance Vs. Rape Supportive Attitudes. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 9:25–31.
[10]. Oppedal, B., Røysamb, E., & Heyerdahl, S. (2005). Ethnic Group Acculturation, And Psychiatric Problems In Young Immigrants. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(6): 646–660.
[11]. Center for Rights, Education, and Awareness: Exploring sexuality a Youth PerspectiveSeries: A journey towards embracing sexual rights. In Setting Standards in Upholding Women’s Rights. Nairobi: Center for Rights, Education and Awareness; 2006.
[12]. Farooq, G. (2000). Report of the UNFPA Intercountry Workshop Adolescent Reproductive Health for East and South East Asia and the Pacific Island Countries. UNFPA Country Technical Services Team for East and South-East Asia Bangkok.
[13]. McMillan, J. H. (2012). Education Research Fundamentals For The Consumer. Amerika Syarikat: Pearson.
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[15]. Hoyle, R. H. (1999). Statistical Strategies For Small Sample Research. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications.
[16]. Gough, H. (1974). A 24-Item Version Of The Miller-Fisk Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire.The Journal of Psychology, 87: 183-192.
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[18]. Ashworth, J. (1992). A New Soil Sampling Technique For Soils With Residues OfBanded Fertilizer. Edmonton, AB: Norwest Soil Research.Department of Health. 2017. A Framework for Sexual Health Improvement in EnglandLondon: Department of Health.
[19]. Aronowitz, T., Lambert, C. A., & Davidoff, S. (2012). The Role Of Rape Myth Acceptance In The Social Norms Regarding Sexual Behaviour Among College Students. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 29(3): 173–182.
[20]. Chang MC. Fertilizing Capacity Of Spermatozoa Deposited Into The Fallopian Tubes.Nature 1951; 168:697-698.
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[23]. Berhane F, Berhane Y, Fantahun M: Adolescents’ Health Service Utilization Pattern And Preferences: Consultation For Reproductive Health Problems And Mental Stress Are Less Likely. Ethiop J Health Dev 2005, 19(1):29–37.
[24]. Phinney, J. S., Horenczyk, G., Liebkind, K., & Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic Identity, Immigration, And Well Being: An International Perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3): 493–510.
[25]. Russell, M.W. & Mestecky, J. 2002. Humoral Immune Responses To Microbial Infections In The Genital Tract. Microbes Infect. 4: 667-677.
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[29]. Payne D, Flaherty SP, Barry MF, Matthews CD. Preliminary Observations On Polar Body Extrusion And Pronuclear Formation In Human Oocytes Using Time- Lapse Video Cinematography. Hum Reprod1997;12:532–541.

H. Nabilah, C.Azlini, M.Y. Kamal, R. Normala, Z.M. Lukman “The Level of Understanding about Contraceptive and Human’s Reproduction System among University Students” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.19-24 December 2018  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/19-24.pdf

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Implementation of Interferential Therapy IFT Using Arduino Uno

Nikita P. Joshi, Dinesh D. Gaikwad, Supriya U. Shinde – December 2018 Page No.: 25-27

Electrotherapy is drug free, non-invasive and non-addictive physiotherapy treatment. This treatment provides minimal risk and side effects and complications which are due to adverse drug. It also offers several advantages over old or conventional medical treatments for pain. A number of electrotherapy modalities were developed to offer the safest lifelong solutions. Interferential therapy (IFT) is one of the best electrotherapy modality. Working principle of IFT is based on the significant physiological effects of low frequency (< 250 Hz) electrical stimulation of nerves. IFT utilizes medium frequency stimulation to produce the strong physiological effects of low frequency electrical stimulation, in much deeper muscle and nerve tissues. Without the associated painful and unpleasant sensation of low frequency stimulation. Interferential signal used for stimulation is concentrated at the point of intersection between the electrodes. This concentration occurs deep in the tissues Thus, with Interferential Stimulators, current perfuse to greater depths and over a larger volume of tissue than other forms of electrical therapy. Thus, Interferential current penetrate into the skin without painful and unpleasant sensation allowing greater patient comfort during electrical stimulation.

Page(s): 25-27                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 20 December 2018

  Nikita P. Joshi
Govt. Residence Women Poly. Tasgaon, Manerajuri Road, Tasgaon India

 Dinesh D. Gaikwad
Govt. Residence Women Poly. Tasgaon, Manerajuri Road, Tasgaon India

 Supriya U. Shinde
Govt. Residence Women Poly. Tasgaon, Manerajuri Road, Tasgaon India

. Mrs. Nikita. P. Joshi, IJETAE, “Implementation Of Interferential Therapy (IFT) Using Microcontroller”, (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2012)
[2]. Mark I Johnson Ghazala Tabasam, “An Investigation Into the Analgesic Effects of Interferential Currents and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Experimentally Induced Ischemic Pain in Otherwise Pain-Free Volunteers”,Physical Therapy, Volume 83, Issue 3, 1 March 2003, Pages 208-23, https://doi.org/10.1093 /ptj/ 83.3.208 Published: 01 March 2003.
[3]. https://healthdocbox.com/Chronic_Pain/82528936-Medium-frequency-interferential-therapy.html
[4]. https://studylib.net/doc/6796058/interferential-therapy.
[5]. http://www.greatlakes-physiotherapy.com/ifc.

Books:

[6]. Clayton’s Electrotherapy; By Angela Forster & Nigel Palastanga
[7]. Clinical Electrotherapy; By Roger M.Nelson& Dean P.Currier

Nikita P. Joshi, Dinesh D. Gaikwad, Supriya U. Shinde “Implementation of Interferential Therapy IFT Using Arduino Uno” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.25-27 December 2018  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/25-27.pdf

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A Contextual Framework of Corporate Social Responsibility and its impact Financial Performance – A Bibliometric Analysis
Prof. Priyanka Oza – December 2018 – Page No.: 28-40

This paper attempts to present an overview of research conducted in the area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) individually and CSR relationship with Financial Performance through the use of Bibliometrics. Bibliometric Analysis helps in quantitave study of the research material available in the specific area of research. It provides a contextual framework of research carried out in terms of country wise, author wise, journal wise and citation analysis. The objective of this study is to identify the most influential authors in the area of CSR, the most influential country contributing to the research and the citation analysis of top journals and articles. Scopus database was used to conduct the Bibliometric Analysis. The findings from the study are that United States is the top country contributing to CSR research. The authors Lee and Lindgreen are the topmost contributors and India lags behind in the contribution of research in CSR. There are very few Indian authors who are contributing and very few research is conducted on Indian companies.

Page(s): 28-40                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 25 December 2018

 Prof. Priyanka Oza
Assistant Professor, Durgadevi Saraf Institute of Management Studies, RSET Campus, S. V. Road, Malad West. Mumbai – 400064, India

[1]. Ali Quazi and Alice Richardson (2012), “Sources of variation in linking corporate social responsibility and financial performance”, Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 8 No. 2 2012, pp. 242-256
[2]. Anuradha, K., Urs, and Shalini (2007). “Bibliometric indicators of Indian research collaboration patterns: A correspondence analysis. Scientometrics” 71(2):179–189
[3]. Blaine E. Ziegler (2008), “Methods for Bibliometric Analysis of Research: Renewable Energy Case Study”, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
[4]. Bonilla C, Merigó JM, Torres-Abad C, Economics in Latin America: A bibliometric analysis, Scientometrics 2015; 105(2):1239–1252
[5]. Hood, W. W. & Wilson, C. S. (2001). The literature of bibliometrics, scientometrics, and informetrics. Scientometrics, 52(2), 291-314.
[6]. Kharpade Vaishali (2011), “Bibliometric Study of Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship”. British Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1(2), 33-43
[7]. José M. Merigó, Jian-Bo Yan, (2016) “A Bibliometric Analysis of Operations Research and Management Science” OMEGA – International Journal of Management Science
[8]. Merigó JM, Mas-Tur A, Tierno-Roig N, Ribeiro-Soriano D. (2015) A bibliometric overview of the Journal of Business Research between 1973 and 2014. Journal of Business Research; 68(12): 2645–2653.
[9]. Mubeen Mujahid, Arooj Abdullah (2014), “Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firms Financial Performance and Shareholders wealth”, European Journal of Business and Management, 181-187
[10]. Sukanya Chetty, Rebekah Naidoo, Yudhvir Seetharam (2015), “The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firms’ Financial Performance in South Africa”, Contemporary Economics, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 193-214
[11]. Theofanis Karagiorgos (2010), “Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: An Empirical Analysis on Greek Companies”, European Research Studies, Volume XIII, Issue (4), 85-108
Web Links
[12]. www.igi-global.com/dictionary/bibliometric-analysis/2406
[13]. https://library.leeds.ac.uk/downloads/file/265/bibliometrics_an_overview

Prof. Priyanka Oza “A Contextual Framework of Corporate Social Responsibility and its impact Financial Performance – A Bibliometric Analysis” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.28-40 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/28-40.pdf

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A Case Study on Carbon Sequestration in and around Nagpur City
Dipali Chaudhari, Amit Akhuj – December 2018 – Page No.: 41-44

Carbon sequestration by trees and briefly reviews the physiology of carbon assimilation and likely carbon dynamics of future plantation forests.
Forests are capable of effective sequestration and storage of atmospheric carbon in above-ground and below-ground biomass by way of processes of photosynthesis and tree growth.
Carbon sequestration potential has been measured for trees of urban areas like Nagpur city of Maharashtra state in India. The specific objective of present article was to estimate biomass of the trees in green pockets, various gardens, avenues in the urban areas like Nagpur city. The estimate based on the methodology used for the estimation of biomass in forest. In the present attempt biomass of the trees were estimated by random sampling in dense, moderate and spare plantation areas. Height and girth were recorded during survey of sampling sites and placed in particular height girth class which was made during the survey on the basis of range of height and girth of trees found in Nagpur city. From the recorded data total standing biomass and carbon sequestration was estimated and found to be 659328.4 tons and 55.52 tons/hector respectively.

Page(s): 41-44                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 26 December 2018

 Dipali Chaudhari
(M.Tech, BE), Assistant Professor, CED, PBCOE, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

 Amit Akhuj
(M-Tech P.G. Student), B.D.C.OE, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India

[1]. UNFCCC (1997 : “UN Framework Convention on Climate Change”Retrieved from www.runwa.org.
[2]. Ravindranath N.H.; Somashekhar B.S. (1995). “Potential and economics of forestry options for Carbon sequestration in India.” Biomass and Bionergy. 8(5):523-336.
[3]. FSI, (1988). “ The state of Forest Report 1987, Ministry of Environment and Forests.”
[4]. Tiwari A,K and Singh J.S., (1987). “Analysis of Forest Land use and Vegetation in a part of Central Himalaya, Using Aerial photographs” Enviro Conserv. 14:233-244.
[5]. Kurz, W.A.; Apps, M.; Banfield, E. and Stinson, G. (2002). “Forest carbon accounting at the operational scale.” For Chron. 78: 672-679.
[6]. Kurz, W.A., and Apps. M.J. (1999). “A 70 year retrospective analysis of carbon fluxes in the Canadian forest sector.” Ecol. Appl. 9:526-547.
[7]. Fang, J.Y. (1998). “Forest Biomass of China: An estimate based on the Biomass-Volume Relationship.” Journal of Ecological Application.” 8:1084-1998.
[8]. Jing-Yun Fang; G. Geoff Wang; Guo-Hua Liu and Song-Ling Xu (1998). “Forest Biomass of China: An Estimate Based on the Biomass-Volume Relationship” Ecological Applications, 8(4):1084-1091 Published by: Ecological Society of America.
[9]. E. Kursten & P. Burschel(1993) “ Carbon stock in Agoforesty”Sci culture 59:9-13

Dipali Chaudhari, Amit Akhuj “A Case Study on Carbon Sequestration in and around Nagpur City” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp. 41-44 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/41-44.pdf

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Studies on the Removal of Dye Using Filled Polymeric FIPN Hydrogel

Sunanda Dey, N.S. Kirti, S.B. Kuila- December 2018 Page No.: 45-50

Water-soluble Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) was chemically modified by in situ copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) in its aqueous solution and thus producing a copolymer of polyacrylicacid-co-acrylamide designated as (PAAM) as another one soluble polymer component in PVOH solution. Finally, both the polymers PVOH and PAAM were cross-linked by glutaraldehyde (2 mass%) andN,N 0-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linking agents respectively to produce a full interpenetrating network (FIPN) hydrogel. Accordingly, three different compositions of hydrogels have been synthesized varying the percentage of PAAM containing PVOH:PAAM of 1:0.25, 1:0.5 and 1:0.75 as solid polymer basis. Out of these three, hydrogel containing PVOH:PAAM of 1:0.5 designated as PAAM50 found competitive for Malachite green dye separation by adsorption compared to other two. PAAM50 was further filled with treated saw dust as low-cost filler in situ, with the mass% of 2%, 5%, 8% and 10% (of total solid polymer) thus, designated as PAAM52, PAAM55, PAAM58,and PAAM510 respectively. Unfilled PAAM50 and four filled FIPN gels along with pure saw dust were used for separation of Malachite green (Dye) from its solution of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm as feed concentrations and at five different pH (4, 7, 9, 10 & 11). Percent removal of dye was calculated from the absorbance data of UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. PAAM58 gel was found most efficient compared to others with a % removal of 98.039% at the conditions of 75 ppm feed concentration and at 9 pH. Desorption study was also performed taking adsorbed PAAM58 gels at different pH.

Page(s): 45-50                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 28 December 2018

 Sunanda Dey
Haldia Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Haldia 74057, West Bengal, India

 N.S. Kirti
Haldia Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Haldia 74057, West Bengal, India

 S.B. Kuila
Haldia Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Haldia 74057, West Bengal, India

[1]. Mukherjee A.K., Gupta B., Chowdhury S.M.S., Separation of dyes from cotton dyeing effluent using cationic polyelectrolytes, article in American Dyestuff Reporter, February 1999.
[2]. Lau W.J., Ismail A.F., Polymeric nanofiltration membranes for textile dye wastewater treatment: Preparation, performance evaluation, transport modelling, and fouling control — a review, Elsevier, Desalination, Volume 245, Issues 1–3, 15 September 2009, Pages 321-348.
[3]. Leks O., Murat T., (Sodium Alginate/Acrylamide) Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and their Usability on Removal of Lead, Cadmium, Nickel Ions, Article in Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A Pure and Applied Chemistry Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry(10), October 2005, 1435-1449.
[4]. Hashim Shahrir, Akos Noel Ibrahim, LaftahAshaierLaftah, Polymer Hydrogels: A Review, Polymer-plastics Technology and Engineering50(14) 1475-1486, 2011.
[5]. Kuila S.B, Ray S.K, Separation of isopropyl alcohol-water mixtures by pervaporation using copolymer membrane: Analysis of sorption and permeation, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Elsevier 91(2013) 377-388.
[6]. Katime I., Rodríguez E., Absorption of metal ions and swelling properties of polyacrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels, Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 38, 2001 – Issue 5-6, Pages 543-558.
[7]. Kumari Manju, Chauhan Ghanshyam S., Adsorption Capacity, Kinetics, and Mechanism of copper(II) Uptake on Gelatin-Based Hydrogels, Applied Polymer Science, Vol 119 (Issue 1), Pages 363-370.
[8]. PaulinoAlexandre T., Guilherme Marcos R., Reis Adriano V., CampeseGilsinei M., Muniz Edvani C., Nozaki Jorge, Removal of methylene blue dye from an aqueous media using superabsorbent hydrogel supported on modified polysaccharide, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Volume 301, Issue 1, 1 September 2006, Pages 55-62.
[9]. Salima Aitali, Ounissa Kebiche-Senhadji, Lynda Mansouri, Mohamed Benamor, Cationic dye (MB) removal using polymer inclusion membrane (PIMs), Elsevier, Procedia Engineering, Volume 33, 2012, Pages 38-46.
[10]. DewanganTulika, Tiwari Alka, Bajpai A. K., Removal of Cobalt Ions from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Cross-Linked Calcium Alginate Beads, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, Volume 30, 2009- Issue 1, Pages 56-60
[11]. GucluGamze, KelesSibel,GucluKubilay, Removal of Cu2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Starch-Graft-Acrylic Acid Hydrogels, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, Volume 45, 2006- Issue 1, Pages 55-59.
[12]. Sud Dhiraj, Mahajan Garima, Kaur M.P., Agricultural waste material as a potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions – A review, Elsevier, Bioresource Technology, Volume 99, Issue 14, September 2008, Pages 6017-6027.
[13]. Bhattacharya A.K., Naiya T.K., Mandal S.N., Das S.K., Adsorption, kinetics and equilibrium studies on removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using different low-cost adsorbents, Elsevier, Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 137, Issue 3, 15 April 2008, Pages 529-541.
[14]. Gupta S., Babu B.V., Removal of toxic metal Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using sawdust as adsorbent: Equilibrium, kinetics and regeneration studies, Elsevier, Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 150, Issues 2–3, 1 August 2009, Pages 352-365.
[15]. Mohammed A., Khan A.H., Ahmad S., Ahmad A., Role of sawdust in the removal of copper (II) from industrial wastes, Elsevier, Water Research, Volume 32, Issue 10, October 1998, Pages 3085-3091.
[16]. Garg V.K, Gupta R., Yadav Anu Bala, Kumar R., Adsorption of chromium from aqueous solution on treated sawdust, Elsevier, Bioresource Technology, Volume 92, Issue 1, March 2004, Pages 79-81.
[17]. Garg V.K, Gupta R., Yadav Anu Bala, Kumar R., Dye removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on treated sawdust, Elsevier, Bioresource Technology, Volume 89, Issue 2, September 2003, Pages 121-124.
[18]. Kuila S.B, Ray S.K., Dehydration of acetic acid by pervaporation using filled IPN membranes, Elsevier, Separation and Purification Technology, Volume 81 (2011), Pages 295–306.
[19]. Singha N.R., Kar S., Ray S., Ray S.K., Separation of isopropyl alcohol-water mixtures by pervaporation using crosslink IPN membranes, Chem. Eng. Process. 48 (2009) 1020–1029.

Sunanda Dey, N.S. Kirti, S.B. Kuila “Studies on the Removal of Dye Using Filled Polymeric FIPN Hydrogel ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.40-42 December 2018  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/40-42.pdf

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Impact of Inflation Rate, Imports, Exports and Tax on the Economic Growth of Pakistan
Ahsan Aslam, Abdul Hakeem, Waqar Ahmed – December 2018 – Page No.: 51-56

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate impact of inflation rate, imports, exports and taxes on the economic development of Pakistan. The study has been conducted on the four independent and one dependent variable which is economic development of Pakistan. This study includes four independent variables that areinflation rate, imports, exports and taxes. On the other hand, the dependent variable is one that is economic development of Pakistan which has been measured and expressed with the help of four variables named as inflation rate, imports, exports and taxes. Fortyyears’ data for the all selected is used in this research of 1977-2016. This study analyzed the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. A number of tests were run for analysis purpose that includes descriptive statistics, unit root test, Johenson co-integration test and error correction model. The study concluded that inflation rate, imports, exports and taxes has strong associationwitheconomic development of Pakistan.

Page(s): 51-56                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 31 December 2018

 Ahsan Aslam
Commerce Department, The Superior College Lahore, Pakistan

 Abdul Hakeem
Management Sciences Department, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan

 Waqar Ahmed
School of Commerce & Accountancy, Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan

[1]. Furceri, D., & Karras, G. (2008). Tax Changes and Economic Growth: Empirical evidence for a panel of OECD countries. Manuscript, University of Illinois, 1, 1-29.
Faria, J. R., & Carneiro, F. G. (2001). Does high inflation affect growth in the long and short run? Journal of applied economics, 4(1), 89-105.
[2]. Furceri, D., & Karras, G. (2008). Tax Changes and Economic Growth: Empirical evidence for a panel of OECD countries. Manuscript, University of Illinois, 1, 1-29.
[3]. Hossain, M. E., Ghosh, B. C., & Islam, M. K. (2012). Inflation and economic growth in Bangladesh. Researchers World, 3(4), 85.
[4]. Khan, M. S., & Schimmelpfenning, A. (2006). Inflation in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, Volume 45 (2).
[5]. Liu, J., & Diamond, J. (2005). China’s environment in a globalizing world. Nature, 435(7046), 1179.
[6]. Motley, B. (1994). Growth and Inflation: A Cross-Country Study, paper presented at CEPR Ð Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco: Stanford, CA.
[7]. Pami, D., Aneesa Ismail, R., & Dominick, S. (2000). The impact of financial and fiscal variables on economic growth: The case of India and Korea. International Economic Journal, 14(2), 133-150.
[8]. Taha, R., Nanthakumar, L., & Colombage, S. R. (2011). The Effect of Economic Growth on Taxation Revenue: The Case of a Newly Industrialized Country. International Review of Business Research Papers, 7(1), 319-329.

Ahsan Aslam, Abdul Hakeem, Waqar Ahmed “Impact of Inflation Rate, Imports, Exports and Tax on the Economic Growth of Pakistan” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.51-56 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/51-56.pdf

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Evaluation of Flexible Pavement by Using Dynamic Cone Penetration Test
Rajana Raja Kumar, K Vamsi Satyanarayana, Dr. N C Anil, P Sanyasi Naidu – December 2018 – Page No.: 57-65

Over the past four decades, the share of total rail and road traffic carrying passengers and goods has gradually increased from about 24 percent and 11 percent, respectively, in 1951 to about 80 percent and 58 percent, respectively, in 1990. Road length has increased correspondingly, from 0.4 million km in 1951 to 2 million km, giving a road density of 59 km/100km2. Because of fast and ever-increasing industrial, commercial, and other socioeconomic development activities, the road transport vehicle population, particularly vehicles population, particularly vehicles carrying goods, has also increased phenomenally during this period.
Because of economies in road transportation, overloading by truck operators is common. The majority of the arterial road system experiences overloading, as much as 18 to 20-tonne axle loads versus the permissible legal limit of 10.2 tones. The existing road network has shown signs of premature distress because of the unexpected demands of growing traffic volume and heavier axle loads. The network has fallen short of its structural capacity and hence it is greatly overstrained. The majority of allocated funds are utilized for providing M&R measures to the existing network rather than for new construction. The funds being provided for the arterial road network are on the order of 50 to 60 percent of the amount needed.
With this background, in the present study, a road sections were identified in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh to carry out the pavement performance study on distresses. For the selected stretch data was collected on rutting, raveling, potholes, edge failures, traffic, etc and soil samples of the subgrade for the determination of laboratory or insitu moisture content. The detailed analysis was performed using NCSS statistical tool and to develop a pavement performance model for the selected stretch. Based on surrounding soil values the California bearing ratio values are taken in to consideration for designs.

Page(s): 57-65                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 01 January 2019

 Rajana Raja Kumar
PG Student, Civil Engineering & Sanketika Institute of Technology and Management, Andhra Pradesh, India

 K Vamsi Satyanarayana
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering & Sanketika Institute of Technology and Management, Andhra Pradesh, India

 Dr. N C Anil
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering & Sanketika Institute of Technology and Management, Andhra Pradesh, India

 P Sanyasi Naidu
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering & Sanketika Institute of Technology and Management, Andhra Pradesh, India

[1]. Mohammed Taleb obaidat , Turki I. Suleiman (1997) “ Quantification Of Pavement Rut depth Using Stereovision Technology” Article In Journal Of Surveying Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(1997)123:2(55).
[2]. J.J. Hajek, G. Musgrove, and T.J. Kazmierowski (1998) “ Measurement , Management and Utilization Of Rutting Data” Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 1201 Wilson Avenue, Downsview, Ontario,Canada M3M 1J8.
[3]. “ Dynamic Cone penetration Test (DCPT) For Sub grade Assessment ” TRB Subject Code:62-7 Soil Foundation Subgrades ,February 2003 Publication No.: FHWA/IN/JTRP-2002/30, SPR-2362
[4]. Gill, K.S. Jha, J.N. Choudhary, A.K (2010) “CBR Value Estimation Using Dynamic Cone Penetrometer ” Indian Geotechnical Conference – 2010, GEO trendz December 16–18, 2010 IGS Mumbai Chapter & IIT Bombay
[5]. Patrick Liq Yee Tiong, Mushairry Mustaffar and Mohd Rosli Hainin (2012) “Road Surface Assessment of Pothole Severity by Close Range Digital Photogrammetry Method ” World Applied Sciences Journal 19 (6): 867-873, 2012 ISSN 1818-4952 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.19.06.3353
[6]. S.Shankar, Y.Ravi (2014) “IN-SITU Strength Evaluation of Pavement Layers of Low Volume Road Using Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) ” Transactions on Engineering and Sciences ISSN: 2347-1964 (Online) 2347-1875 (Print), Vol.2, Issue 8, August 2014.
[7]. LUU Xuan Le, THAO Dinh Nguyen(2016) “research of asphalt pavement rutting on national roads in vietnam” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307373551.
[8]. Anthony Quansaha, Tresor Ntaryamiraa, and Daniel Obeng-Atuahb,(2017) “Evaluation of Pavement Structural Life Using Dynamic Cone Penetrometer” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322357920
[9]. Makendran Chandrakasu, Murugasan Rajiah (2018) “Development of a roughness estimation model for low volume roads” DOI: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.1488.2015.
[10]. Sanjiv Aggarwal*, Prof. (Dr.) S.S. Jain** & Dr. M. Parida “Development Of Pavement Management System For Indian National Highway Network”Indian Institute Of Technology, Rookie – 247667 (Uttaranchal) Paper No. 502.
[11]. Prozzi, J. And Madanat, S. (2003).”Incremental Nonlinear Model For Predicting Pavement Serviceability.”J. Transp. Eng., 129(6),635–641.
[12]. Chen, P.E., Chih-Hsien Lin., Erwin Stein., and Jurgen Hothan (2004). “Development of a Mechanistic-Empirical Model to Characterize Rutting in Flexible Pavements.”Journal of Transportation Engineering, 140 (4), 519-525.

Rajana Raja Kumar, K Vamsi Satyanarayana, Dr. N C Anil, P Sanyasi Naidu “Evaluation of Flexible Pavement by Using Dynamic Cone Penetration Test ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp. 57-65 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/57-65.pdf

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AC-DC-DC Converter for Intermittent Wind Energy

Ubaidulla, Malashree G. – December 2018 Page No.: 66-67

Energy is one of the most important resources for the growth of any country. Wind energy is playing an important role in meeting today’s words energy demand. Renewable energy sources are intermittent in nature. Such uncertainty results in revenue losses to the wind power producers. The main objective of this paper is to focus on the analysis of performance of an open loop AC-DC-DC converter system. Converter is simulated using PSIM software.

Page(s): 66-67                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 05 January 2019

 Ubaidulla
Associate Professor, HKBK College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

 Malashree G.
Associate Professor, HKBK College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

[1]. Indian wind energy: A brief outlook.
[2]. Nada Kh. M. A. Alrikabi, Renewable Energy Types, Journal of Clean EnergyTechnologies, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2014.
[3]. SuaadJaber, Environmental Impacts of Wind Energy, Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, Vol. 1, No. 3, July 2013.
[4]. Ershun Du., Ning. Zhang, Chongqing Kang, Benjamin Kroposki,Han Huang, Miao Miao,Qing Xia “Managing Wind Power UncertaintyThrough Strategic Reserve Purchasing,” IEEE transactions on power systems., vol.32, no. 4, pp. 1-12, Jul. 2017.
[5]. Chai Chompoo-inwai, PraditFuangfoo, Mitch Williams, James R. Liao, System Impact Study for the Interconnection of Wind Generation and Utility System, IEEE transactions on industry applications, VOL. 41, NO. 1, January 2005.
[6]. Diaz-Gonzalez, Francisco, A. Sumper, et al, “Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage system for Power Smoothing in Wind Power Plants,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 204-214, Mar. 2014.
[7]. H. Sushma and K. M. Chandrasekharswamy, “A dual unequal power converter for wind power applications,” 2017 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and Commuincation (ICCPEIC), Melmaruvathur, 2017, pp. 639-642.
[8]. M. Ben Hamed and O. Elbeji, “Three-cell DC-DC converter for variable speed WECS with MPPT control,” 2017 International Conference on Green Energy Conversion Systems (GECS), Hammamet, 2017, pp. 1-6.
[9]. Ubaidulla, Satish Kumar J , Malashree G., Study and Analysis of DC – DC Step down Converter, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 6, June 2017.
[10]. R.Abinaya, M.Jagadeeshraja, V.Seenivasan, A Novel Approach for Integration of Solar-Wind Energy System Using MPPT Algorithm, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume V, Issue IV, April 2018.
[11]. Ubaidulla, Malashree G., Dual Input DC-DC Converter for Photo Voltaic Applications, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology , Vol. 7, Issue 5, May 2018
[12]. Malashree. G, Gnaneshwari. V, Vinay Shreyas K. V, Ubaidulla, Satish Kumar J, Renewable Based Smart Home Control using Modern Technology, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VIS, June 2017.

Ubaidulla, Malashree G. “AC-DC-DC Converter for Intermittent Wind Energy” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.66-67 December 2018  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/66-67.pdf

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Study on the Strength Characteristics of Biopolymer on Kaolinite Clay
Arya Vijayan, Veena Vijayan. L – December 2018 – Page No.: 68-71

The benefit from mixing admixtures in soil to enhance properties was discovered in ancient times. Additives such as straw, bitumen, lime, cement etc are using to improve the properties of soil from the past days. As an alternative to such traditional soil treatment and improvement techniques, biological approaches are recently developed in the field of soil stabilisation. This paper investigate the benefits of using biopolymer to enhance the engineering properties of kaolinite clay. Guar gum which is an environmental friendly biopolymer was mixed with kaolinite clay at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75 %, 1 % ) and the effect on different engineering properties were determined.

Page(s): 68-71                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 05 January 2019

 Arya Vijayan
Student, Geotechnical Engineering, St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

 Veena Vijayan. L
Assistant Professor, Geotechnical Engineering, St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

[1]. Chen,R et.al. (2013) ‘Biopolymer Stabilization of Mine Tailings’, Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering.
[2]. Eujine, G et.al. (2014). “Enzyme Stabilization of High Liquid Limit Clay”, EJGE, 19, pp. 6989 – 6995.
[3]. Krupalbahen C. Patel et.al. (2016) – “ Effect of Guar and Xanthan Gum Biopolymer on Soil Strengthening”. (IJSRD).
[4]. M. S. Biju. Et.al. (2016)-“ Biopolymer modified soil:prospects of a promising green technology”, indian geotechnical conference(IGC).
[5]. Mitchell, J. K et.al. (2005)-Biological Considerations in Geotechnical Engineering. Journal of Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering, ASCE 131, 1122-1233 .
[6]. P. Ramesh et.al. (2012)- “Effect of a Chemical Contamination on Geo technical Properties of Black Cotton Soil”, International Journal of Science Technology.
[7]. Suresh Praveen Kumar. P et.al. (2018) – “Experimental Study by of Soil Mixed with Guar Gum a Bio Enzyme-(case study), (IRJET).

Arya Vijayan, Veena Vijayan. L “Study on the Strength Characteristics of Biopolymer on Kaolinite Clay” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.68-71 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/68-71.pdf

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Pharmacognostical, Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Azima Tetracantha Leaves

Prof. Dhanapal Venkatachalam, Samuel Thavamani B, Hyfa, Sampath Kumar, Muddukrishniah – December 2018 Page No.: 72-77

Objective:
To study of detailed pharmacognostic profile and preliminary phytochemical investigation and antifungal evaluation of leaves of Azima tetracanthalam belonging to the Family, Salvadoraceae commonly known as needle bush which is often used traditionally in Ayurveda for cough, phthisis and asthma,rheumatism,.dropsy, dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea, tooth ache and jaundice.
Methods:
Leaf sample of Azima tetracanthalam was studied by its Macroscopical, Microscopical, Physicochemical, Phytochemical analysis of powder of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by WHO and also antifungal evaluation.
Results:
Macroscopically, the leaves are simple, opposite, elliptical orbicular, mucronate apex, pinnate, decussately arranged, pale green in colour, characteristic odour, and no taste. Microscopically, the leaf was showed the presence of dorsiventral shape, Anisocytic stomata, Polygonal epidermis, abaxial phloem, palisade parenchyma, radial xylem elements, vertical mass of hyaline, compact parenchyma cells, prominent cuticle, crystal sheath, absence of trichomes and sclerenchyma. These were the diagnostic features noted from anatomical study. Powder microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of parenchyma cells, xylem fibres and epidermis with anisocytic stomata and crystal sheath. The investigations also included leaf surface data; quantitative leaf microscopy. Physiochemical parameters such as loss on drying, extractive values and ash values were also determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavanoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and glycosides.
Conclusions:
The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigations and applications.

Page(s): 72-77                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 05 January 2019

 Prof. Dhanapal Venkatachalam1
Professor & H.O.D, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sanjo College of Pharmaceutical Studies, Velappara, Palakkad, Kerala, India

 Samuel Thavamani B
Department of Pharmacognosy, Sanjo College of Pharmaceutical Studies, Velappara, Palakkad, Kerala, India

 Hyfa
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Calicut Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India

 Sampath Kumar
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Coimbatore Medical College, Tamilnadu, India

 Muddukrishniah
Department of Biotechnology, Anna University Campus, Trichy, India

[1]. Thendral Hepsibha B et.al, in vitro studies on antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Azima tetracantha lam leaf extracts, Indian journal of science and technology 2010, 5,( 0974- 6846) ,571-577.
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Prof. Dhanapal Venkatachalam, Samuel Thavamani B, Hyfa, Sampath Kumar, Muddukrishniah “Pharmacognostical, Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Azima Tetracantha Leaves ” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.72-77 December 2018  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/72-77.pdf

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Performance of Coated Carbide Tools during CNC Machining- A Review
S.Parkash, Dr. P.S. Rao – December 2018 – Page No.: 78-80

Better quality with high productivity is the prime concern of manufacturing firms to remain in business in today’s competitive manufacturing market. CNC machines provide this opportunity. However, the performance of a cutting tool in high-speed CNC machining plays a key role in achieving high productivity and better quality. Various hard coatings have been developed to increase the performance of the cutting tools. In this study performance of various coated carbide tools in term of wear rate & surface roughness obtained during the CNC machining have been included.

Page(s): 78-80                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 06 January 2019

 S.Parkash
M.E. Student, Mechanical – Manufacturing Technology, NITTTR, Chandigarh, India

 Dr. P.S. Rao
Asst Prof, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITTTR, Chandigarh, India

[1]. Čerče, L., Pušavec, F., & Kopač, J.. “A new approach to spatial tool wear analysis and monitoring”. Strojniški vestnik-Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 61(9), 2015, pp. 489-497.
[2]. Narasimha, M., Reiji Kumar, R., Achamyelehaemro Kassie, “Performance of Coated Carbide Tools”, IJES ,Vol (2),2013, pp.47-54
[3]. Konstantinos-Dionysios Bouzakis, Nikolaos Michailidis, Georgios Skordaris, Emmanouil Bouzakis , Dirk Biermann , Rachid M’Saoubi, “Cutting with coated tools: Coating technologies, characterization methods and performance optimization”, CIRP Annals – Manufacturing Technology, Vol. (61), 2012, pp.703–723
[4]. PalDey, S. C. D. S., & Deevi, S. C., “Single layer and multilayer wear resistant coatings of (Ti,Al)N: a review”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 342(1), 2003, pp. 58/79.
[5]. Seid Ahmed, Y., Paiva, J. M., Covelli, D., & Veldhuis, S. C., “Investigation of Coated Cutting Tool Performance during Machining of Super Duplex Stainless Steels through 3D Wear Evaluations”, Coatings, Vol 7(8), 2017, pp. 127.
[6]. Caliskan, H., Kursuncu, B., Guven, S. Y., Karaoglanli, A. C., Gok, M. S., & Alsaran, A. “Effect of Boron Nitride Coating on Wear Behavior of Carbide Cutting Tools in Milling of Inconel 718”, Machining, Joining and Modifications of Advanced Materials, Springer Singapore, 2016. pp. 13-21.
[7]. Rajaguru, J., Arunachalm, N.,”Coated tool Performance in Dry Turing of Super Dulex Stainless Steel”, Procedia Manufacturing, Vol (10), 2017, pp. 601 -611
[8]. Kaladhar, M., Subbaiah, K.V., Rao, Ch. S., “Performance evaluation of coating materials and process parameters optimization for surface quality during turning of AISI304 austenitic stainless steel”, International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, vol 3 (4),2011, pp. 89 -102
[9]. Patel, L., Dave, H. “Tool Wear Study on Tin Coated Cutting Inserts During CNC Turning Process”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4 (8), 2015
[10]. Sahoo, A. K., & Sahoo, B., “A comparative study on performance of multilayer coated and uncoated carbide inserts when turning AISI D2 steel under dry environment”, Measurement, Vol.46(8), 2013, pp.2695-2704.

S.Parkash, Dr. P.S. Rao “Performance of Coated Carbide Tools during CNC Machining- A Review” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp. 78-80 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/78-80.pdf

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A Review on Ultrasonic Machining of Titanium Alloys

Arun Kumar Singh, Dr. P. Sudhakar Rao – December 2018 Page No.: 81-87

Due to excellent properties of Titanium and its alloy such as high strength-to-weight ratio, low thermal conductivity, and high corrosion resistance this material is widely used in aerospace, marine gas turbine engines, medical equipment’s. Due to high hardness, brittleness, low thermal conductivity of Titanium alloy, cost effective machining is critical parameter. Ultrasonic Machining is a non-traditional process which consists of abrasive in the form of slurry and tool oscillating at high frequency (about 15 to 30 kHz) and at low amplitude (20 to 100 microns). The material removal rate in Ultrasonic machining of Titanium and its alloy is very slow which makes the machining process costly.There has been a critical need for cost-effective machining processes for titanium and its alloys. The material removal rate in Ultrasonic machining is mainly related to striking and hammering of abrasive particle used in slurry form between the workpiece and ultrasonically oscillating tool. The critical parameter responsible for Material removal rate and surface finish and dimensional accuracy are amplitude and vibration of oscillating tool, feed force and pressure, Abrasive material, grain size and shape, contact area of tool, concentration of abrasive in slurry etc. So, in order to increase the MRR reduce the tool wear rate and achieve good surface finish and accuracy USM is integrated with EDM and also the Rotary USM used to make the USM cost effective machining process.

Page(s): 81-87                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 January 2019

 Arun Kumar Singh
ME Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITTTR Chandigarh, India

 Dr. P. Sudhakar Rao
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITTTR Chandigarh, India

[1]. Yan Cherng Lin, Biing Hwa Yan, Yong Song Chang Machining characteristics of titanium alloy (Ti±6Al±4V) using a combination process of EDM with USM,Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan, Received 18 December 1998.
[2]. Jatinder Kumar and M.K. Muju, An assessment of the effect of tool properties, power rating and slurry size in ultrasonic machining of titanium International Conference on Theoretical, Applied, Computational and Experimental Mechanics, December 27-29, 2010, IIT Kharagpur, India, ICTACEM-2010/ (paper No. 183).
[3]. R. Singh, J.S. Khamba, Taguchi Technique for modelling material removal rate in ultrasonic machining of titanium, Received 1 September 2006; received in revised form 16 January 2007; accepted 25 January 2007, New York, 1987, pp. 67–86 [Chapter 6].
[4]. R Singhand J S Khamba Micromodel for ultrasonic machining of titaniumand its alloys:The manuscript was received on 27 March 2006 and was accepted after revision for publication on 30 October 2006.DOI: 10.1243/09544054JEM593.
[5]. R. Singha, J.S. Khamba Comparison of slurry effect on machining characteristics of titanium in ultrasonic drilling,2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.06.026.
[6]. Jatinder Kumar & J. S. Khamba, Modelling the material removal rate in ultrasonic machining of titanium using dimensional analysis Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2010) 48:103–119 DOI 10.1007/s00170-009-2287-1, Received: 21 June 2008 / Accepted: 27 August 2009 / Published online: 13 September 2009# Springer-Verlag London Limited 2009.
[7]. A R Machado, BSc, MSc and J Wallbank, BSc, MSc, PhD, Department of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry Machining of titanium and its alloys-a review Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 1990 204: 53, DOI: 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1990_204_047_02.
[8]. N.J. Churi and Z.J. Pei, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, C. Treadwell, President, Sonic-Mill Corporation, 7500 Bluewater Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87121, USA, Rotary ultrasonic machining of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V): effects of tool variables, Int. J. Precision Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2007.
[9]. Jatinder Kumar, J.S. Khamba, S.K.Mohapatra, An investigation into the machining characteristics of titanium using ultrasonic machining, Int. J. Machining and Machinabiliy of Materials, Vol. 3, Nos. 1/2, 2008.

Arun Kumar Singh, Dr. P. Sudhakar Rao “A Review on Ultrasonic Machining of Titanium Alloys” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.81-87 December 2018  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/81-87.pdf

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A Review on Current Research Trends in Micro-EDM
Yashpal Singh, Dr. P.S. Rao – December 2018 – Page No.: 88-92

Rapid advancement in manufacturing industries has given rise to miniature and lightweight products with increasing high engineering applications. Micro-EDM is mostly used machining processes without chip to fabricate desired product to be produced. In recent years, many types of research have been directed to enhance the performance of micro-EDM. A review on the research activities carried out in the micro-EDM process, is provided by this paper. The effects of dielectric fluids, pulse characteristics and ultrasonic vibration, which play a vital role in the machining performance of micro-EDM, are highlighted in this paper. Also, attempts made by various researchers to fabricate a high aspect ratio microstructure using micro-EDM are discussed. Hence, a consolidated review of this research work will enable a better understanding of the various contributions to effective implementation/application. The focuses of the review also on the optimisation of various parameters using different methods viz., Taguchi, ANN, grey relational analysis and fuzzy logic control system.

Page(s): 88-92                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 January 2019

 Yashpal Singh
ME Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITTTR Chandigarh, India

 Dr. P.S. Rao
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITTTR Chandigarh, India

[1]. Kadirvel, A., Hariharan, P.and Gowri, S. (2012) ‘A review on various research trends in micro-EDM’, Int. J. Mechatronics and Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 5, Nos. 5/6, pp.361–384.
[2]. N. B. Gurule, S. A. Pansare ‘Potentials of Micro-EDM’ OSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN(e): 2278-1684, ISSN(p): 2320334X, PP: 50-55.
[3]. D.T. Pham∗, S.S. Dimov, S. Bigot, A. Ivanov, K. Popov ‘Micro-EDM—recent developments and research issues’ Journal of Materials Processing Technology 149 (2004) 50–57.
[4]. Norliana Mohd Abbas_, Darius G. Solomon, Md. Fuad Bahari ‘A review on current research trends in electrical discharge machining’ International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 47 (2007) 1214–1228.
[5]. K.takahata, N.shibaike, H.guckel, ‘High aspect ratio WC-Co Microstructure produced by the combination of LIGA and Micro EDM’ Microsystem technologies 6 (2000) 175-178, Springer-Verlag 2000.
[6]. Qingyu Liu, Qinhe Zhang∗, Min Zhang, Jianhua Zhang ‘Review on size effects in micro electrical discharge machining’ Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China.
[7]. S.Mahendran and D.Ramasamy ‘Micro-EDM: overview and recent developments’ National Conference in Mechanical Engineering Research and Postgraduate Students (1stNCMER2010)2627MAY2010, FKM conference hall, UMP, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; pp.480-494ISBN: 978-967-5080-9501 (CDROM); Editors: M.M.Rahman, M.M.Noor and K.Kadirgama ©UniversitiMalaysiaPahang.
[8]. M.P. Jahan, M.Rahman, Y.S.Wong, ‘A review on the conventional and micro-electro-discharge machining of tungsten carbide’ International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 51 (2011) 837–858.
[9]. Mehdi Hourmand & Ahmed A. D. Sarhan& Mohd Sayuti,‘Micro-electrode fabrication processes for micro-EDM drilling and milling: a state-of-the-art review’ Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2017) 91:1023–1056 DOI 10.1007/s00170-016-9671-4.
[10]. Norliana Mohd Abbas_, Darius G. Solomon, Md. Fuad Bahari ‘A review on current research trends in electrical discharge machining’ International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 47 (2007) 1214–1228.

Yashpal Singh, Dr. P.S. Rao “A Review on Current Research Trends in Micro-EDM” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.88-92 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/88-92.pdf

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A Review on Material & Ballistic Energy Absorption of Body Armour
Nikky, Dr. P Sudhakar Rao – December 2018 – Page No.: 93-99

Body armour is a material used by the force to protect body from various kinds of injuries, high speed projectile bullet and in other hazard situations. Body armour is always a compromise: mobility and comfort (with its speed and stamina). Currently used bullet proof vest & helmets used by force are very heavy causing a lot of discomfort & leaving the personnel at a disadvantage during an encounter with heavily armed terrorist. Due to the various invention in firearms there are various materials used in body armour i.e. ballistic fabrics, ceramics and laminated composites so that it can be light in weight, damage resistant, great energy absorbing capacity, comfort in use, flexible in design and manufacturing and most important less in cost. Based on comprehensive and critical review of the researches carried out, a comparative study of the commercial and current development of material used, their various material properties and ballistic energy absorption capacity is studied in this paper.

Page(s): 93-99                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 January 2019

 Nikky
ME Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITTTR Chandigarh, India

 Dr. P Sudhakar Rao
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITTTR Chandigarh, India

[1]. Wang L, Kanesalingam S, Nayak R and Padhye R, “Recent Trends in BallisticProtection”, Textiles and Light Industrial Science and Technology (TLIST) Volume 3(2014) no 2 p.45-47,.
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[3]. Polak J, Kucinska I,Grabowska G, Blaszczyk J, Ledwon E, Romek R, Struszczyk M.H., “Bullet – Proof Vests with the Ballistic Inserts Based on the Fibrous Composites”Techniczne Wyroby Włókiennicze (2009)(95-106).
[4]. MonteiroSergio N,Candido Veronica S.,BragaFabio O. ,Bolzan Lucas T. ,Weber Ricardo P.,DrelichJaroslaw W, “Sugarcane bagasse waste in composites for multilayered armor”,European Polymer Journal 78 (2016) 173–185.
[5]. RandjbaranElias, ZahariRizal, Dayang Laila Majid, Jalil Nawal Aswan Abdul, Vaghei Ramin and Ahmadi Ramin , “The Effects of Stacking Sequence Layers of Hybrid Composite Materials in Energy Absorption under the High Velocity Ballistic Impact Conditions: An Experimental Investigation”J Material Sci Eng (2013)Volume 2 ,Issue 4 ,1000130(1-8).
[6]. Kumar Naveen,“Bulletproof Vest and Its Improvement – A Review”International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research – IJSDR. January (2016).
[7]. Jason Gibson, James McKee, Gregory Freihofer, Seetha Raghavan & Jihua Gou,“Enhancement in ballistic performance of composite hard armor through carbon nanotubes”, International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 2013 Vol. 4, No. 4, 212–228
[8]. Kumar Aswani Bandaru, Ahmad Suhail , Bhatnagar Naresh , “ Ballistic performance of hybrid thermoplastic composite armors reinforced with Kevlar and basalt fabrics”,Composites: Part A 97 (2017) 151–165.
[9]. S.Eswaran , P.Sasitharan , A.Soundhar, R.Kavibharathi, R.T.PrabhuKumaran,“Design and analysis of weightless bullet proof jacket”,International Journal of Intellectual Advancements and Research in Engineering Computations , (2017), Volume-5 Issue-2, Pages (1852-1855),
[10]. A.R Azrin Hani, A. Roslan, J. Mariatti, and M. Maziah,“Body Armor Technology: A Review of Materials, Construction Techniques and Enhancement of Ballistic Energy Absorption”, Advanced Materials Research, (2012), Vols.488-489 pp 806-812.
[11]. National Institute of Justice (NIJ) 0101.06 – USA Ballistic resistance of body armor; 2008.
[12]. NIJ, 2001, “Selection and Application Guide to Personal Body Armor,” NIJ Guide 100–01, U.S. Department of Justice.
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[15]. http://www.bodyarmornews.com/body-armor-material.

Nikky, Dr. P Sudhakar Rao “A Review on Material & Ballistic Energy Absorption of Body Armour” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp. 93-99 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/93-99.pdf

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Adjustable Holes and Temperature Distribution Effect on Rotor Blade

Win Lai Htwe – December 2018 Page No.: 100-101

Gas turbines have an important role in electric power generation. Turbine blades are the most important components in a gas turbine power plant. Turbine blades are mainly affected due to static loads. Also the temperature has significant effect on the blades. In this paper the second stage of axial-flow gas turbine rotor blade with holes is created in Solid Works software and design calculation is computed by MATLAB software. The temperature distribution effect on second stage rotor blade with holes is analysed from ANSYS 14.5 software. Three different models with different number of holes (5, 9 and 13) were analyzed to find out the optimum number of holes for good performance.

Page(s): 100-101                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 08 January 2019

 Win Lai Htwe
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yangon Technological University, Myanmar

[1] “Gas Turbine Analysis And Practice,” Jennings and Rogers, McGraw-Hill, 1953.
[2] “Gas Turbine Engine Parameter Interrelationships,” Louis Urban, Hamilton Standard, 1969.
[3] “The Gas Turbine,” Norman Davy, 1974.
[4] “Gas Turbine Analysis And Practice,” B.H. Jennings & W.L. Rogers, 1975.
[5] “Modern Gas Turbines,” Author W. Judge, 1980.
[6] Dahlquist, A.N., 2001, “Investigation of LossesPrediction Methods in 1D for Axial Gas Turbines,” MS Thesis, Lund University, Sweden.
[7] Tournier, J.M. and M.S. El-Genk, 2002, “Axial flow, multi-stage turbine and compressor models”.
[8] Glassman, A.J., 2003. “Turbine design and application”
[9] DynaVec, (2012): Numerical investigations for gas flow characteristics on gas turbine bucket: International journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering 2:364-370.

Win Lai Htwe “Adjustable Holes and Temperature Distribution Effect on Rotor Blade” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.100-101 December 2018  URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/100-101.pdf

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Can Introduction of Collateral Registries for Movable Assets Spur Firms’ Access to Credit in Nigeria?
Danjuma Ahmad – December 2018 – Page No.: 102-107

Access to credit remained one of the topmost obstacles to micro small and medium enterprises doing business in Nigeria. Due to the fact that financial institutions basically prefer lending against fixed collateral, most studies in the past look try to look at the impact of fixed collateral assets on access to finance. However, recent studies found that majority of MSMEs keep their assets in movable assets, and as a result there has been a gradual reform on movable assets across many countries of the world based on the advice of World Bank and International Financial Corporation. This study therefore, investigates the prospects and challenges associated with the introduction of collateral reforms on movable asset on firms’ access to finance in Nigeria. The result should assist regulators and policy makers to focus on addressing these challenges so as to make the reform a successful one. The study found that lack of physical access to financial institutions, regulatory arbitrage, lack of sound financial education and technical problems are among the factors that constraints the smooth operation of the reform. It therefore recommends that attention should be given to these identified problems in order to make the reform a successful one.

Page(s): 102-107                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 10 January 2019

 Danjuma Ahmad
Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Adamawa State University, Mubi-Nigeria

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Danjuma Ahmad “Can Introduction of Collateral Registries for Movable Assets Spur Firms’ Access to Credit in Nigeria?” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.102-107 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/102-107.pdf

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Cloud Data Security Using Modified Version of AES with Character Replacement –A Framework
Zaibunnisa Malik, Sabir Sayed, Ayesha Niyaz Malik – December 2018 – Page No.: 108-113

In cloud computing, the data is stored in storage areas provided by the service providers. The clients might have certain confidential information for which no one other than the party for which the data is intended can be trusted. As the cloud has no explicit boundaries and the client’s data can be dispersed across multiple servers on the globe, data security in cloud has become a major issue of concern. Hence, to overcome these serious issues regarding user authentication and data confidentiality, there is a need to implement a data protection framework which can perform authentication, verification and encrypted data transfer, thus maintaining data confidentiality. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) has not been cracked by the attackers yet but research says that the algorithm is vulnerable to the brute force attack and hence there is a need to enhance the algorithm to make it more secure and robust. The proposed model, an enhancement to the AES-256 bit algorithm, is a tailor-made security framework with character replacement technique. The modified algorithm can be used to encrypt the client’s data before it can be stored onto the cloud. This would ensure security of data as well as augment client-provider trust and relationships.

Page(s): 108-113                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 16 January 2019

 Zaibunnisa Malik
Principal and HOD, Comp. Dept, M.H.Saboo Siddik Polytechnic, Mumbai, India

 Sabir Sayed
Director, AI’s Computer Center, Research Scholar Mumbai University, Mumbai, India

 Ayesha Niyaz Malik
Diploma in Computer Engineering, M.H.Saboo Siddik Polytechnic, Mumbai, India

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Zaibunnisa Malik, Sabir Sayed, Ayesha Niyaz Malik “Cloud Data Security Using Modified Version of AES with Character Replacement –A Framework” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.108-113 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/108-113.pdf

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Implimenting the VSM Technique in Textile Industry for the Better WIP
Dr. Dushyanth Kumar K.R – December 2018 – Page No.: 114-119

Economy for the any organization is based on the factors like product cost, production time, Total quality management and waste reduction in the production processes makes an impact. Next to the agriculture textile industries are playing great role in the GDP role of the country.
The textile industries are facing problems like long cycle time, WIP inventory, and also inflexible in process factors of machineries these are called Non Value Added (NVA) activities in the production processes. To avoid these factors the use of advanced manufacturing techniques like Lean Manufacturing, agile manufacturing, world class manufacturing systems plays a very big role in the current industrial scenario. In this research work, the implementation of the Value Stream Mapping technique and layout modification is used. Through this technique the whole production time and also WIP inventory is reduced drastically reduced and reduction of total time also possible to get the real productivity is the main motive of this work

Page(s): 114-119                                                                                                                   Date of Publication: 16 January 2019

 Dr. Dushyanth Kumar K.R
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan-573201, Karnataka, India

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Dr. Dushyanth Kumar K.R “Implimenting the VSM Technique in Textile Industry for the Better WIP” International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 12, pp.114-119 December 2018 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-5-issue-12/114-119.pdf

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