This study aims to analyze the effect of the service marketing mix on students’ decisions to choose SMK Negeri 1 Sumbawa Besar. The associative quantitative method was used as the analytical method. The data analysis method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The data used are secondary data and primary data. Data was collected using a questionnaire provided by the agency. The selection was carried out using a probabilistic random sampling method and a sample of 250 students of SMK Negeri 1 Sumbawa Besar Force 2020/2021 was obtained. The results showed that the product had no effect and had no significant effect on students’ decisions to choose SMK Negeri 1 Sumbawa Besar.
Page(s): 01-06 Date of Publication: 29 July 2022
Coral reef ecosystems are formed from the composition of coral animals that produce lime (CaCO3). Coral animals are animals that do not have a backbone that are included in the phylum Coelenterata. These animals consist of polyps and a skeleton to produce lime. The choice of coral substrate media helps the coral to settle and affects the growth and survival rate of corals. Corals can attach and grow quickly on a suitable substrate medium. This study aims to determine the substrate media’s material content, coral growth rate, and the survival rate of Acropora sp. transplanted on cement, kanstin faba, and Lapindo brick substrate media. This type of research is experimental. The research design used in this study was a Randomized Complete Block Design. The first group is the difference in substrate media consisting of cement, kanstin faba, and Lapindo brick. The second group is the difference of corals consisting of A. formosa, A. tenuis, and A. millepora. The results showed that the mineral content of the cement substrate media, kanstin faba, and Lapindo brick contained CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3. The highest coral growth rate was found on cement substrate media at 1.63 cm/month, while the highest growth rate based on coral species was in A. formosa at 1.63 cm/month. Coral survival rate was highest on cement substrate media and A. formosa with a value of 96%.
Page(s): 07-13 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9701This research paper appraises the legal framework for the protection of civilians in cyber warfare under International Humanitarian Law. The paper examines the existing rules of IHL on the protection of civilians in armed conflicts, their applicability or otherwise to cyber warfare, the existing gap in the law, with a view to making recommendations on more effective ways to protect the civilian population in armed conflicts. In doing this, the research methodology adopted is the doctrinal approach. Both primary and secondary sources of information were consulted and utilized in the course of this work. The primary sources include the four Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, the Commentaries on the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, the Rome Statute etc. The secondary sources include textbooks, journals, articles, newspaper, and online material retrieved from the ICRC website and other relevant websites. This paper finds that although International Humanitarian Law provides for robust rules aimed at the protection of civilians in armed conflicts, these rules do not sufficiently afford protection to civilians in cyber warfare as the complexity brought about by these new means and methods of warfare were not captured at the time the rules were made. This work identifies some of the challenges posed to the protection of civilians in cyber warfare and establishes a case for the need for a treaty to specifically regulate cyber warfare and provide for the protection of civilians in cyber warfare. This work also recommends that International policy debates on cyber warfare should be geared towards streamlining the various national views on cyber-attacks.
Page(s): 14-26 Date of Publication: 31 July 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9702The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic crisis has brought unprecedented challenges to higher education. The COVID-19 pandemic has subsequently left higher institutions of learning struggling on how to provide quality education to all. Globally, students have faced unprecedented challenges stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. Irrefutably, this austere pandemic has disrupted the teaching and learning process and it has affected the provision equitable and quality education. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive report on the challenges facing University of Zambia Students in the face of the COVID-19 Pandemic. This was achieved by analyzing 400 University of Zambia students’ responses to the survey-based questionnaire. A descriptive statistical method was used to test the validation of the study. The students were sampled using simple random sampling. The study revealed that the major challenges included poor network connectivity, failure to access and upload educational materials on the platforms and lack of digital skills. In order to curb these challenges, the study recommended that the government and private network providers should improve the network provision to all parts of the country. In addition, the study recommended that there is need to have blended learning so as to enhance understanding in the learners for concepts which were not clear when taught during online. It was proposed that the University of Zambia management should also put a deliberate programme to train all students in digital skills
Page(s): 27-34 Date of Publication: 03 August 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9703The paper analyzed the National Innovation System (NIS) and economic development in developing countries like Nigeria. The objectives of the paper were to examine the nature of innovation systems in Nigeria. It also investigates the effects of NIS on economic growth and development in Nigeria. The review of literature suggests that NIS is more than just technological innovations, it includes the interrelationships between firms, governmental institutions, NGOs, and international institutions who engage in one form of R&D activity or the other in a country. The paper employed both descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLM) to explain the NIS and economic development in Nigeria. The results from the descriptive analysis revealed that the nature of the Nigerian innovation system is weak and still evolving. It reveals that low performance and high variations in NIS indicators such as industrial design applications, patent right applications, trademark applications, methodology assessment of statistical capacity, high technology exports, ICT goods exports, ICT goods imports and ICT services exports, and agricultural raw materials exports and imports in Nigeria. The regression results also revealed that NIS (R&D expenditures) is a significant positive determinant of economic growth and development in Nigeria. The paper also showed that human capital, industrial production, stock market capitalization, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and exchange rate regimes are significant determinants of economic growth and development in the NIS in Nigeria. Projecting economic growth and development to higher levels and achieving the projections remains the main objective of government policies in Nigeria.
Page(s): 35-47 Date of Publication: 05 August 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9704The study investigated the influence of knowledge acquisition on customer satisfaction in four and five star hotels in Nairobi. In conducting the study the researcher was guided by the knowledge based view of the firm. The theory was greatly favored by the research because it considers firms as sources, assimilators, developers and exploiters of different types of knowledge. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Stratified random sampling was used to arrive at the sample size. The target population comprised of 28 four and five star hotels in Nairobi County. A sample size of three hundred and twenty four employees (324) and four hundred and fifteen boarding customers (415) was selected. The study employed a descriptive research design that examined how knowledge acquisition influences customer satisfaction in four and five-star hotel establishments in Nairobi County, Kenya. The findings indicated that there was a positive correlation (R=0.688, p-value of 0.000) between knowledge acquisition and customer satisfaction. The findings further indicated that knowledge acquisition had significant influence on customer satisfaction. The study recommended that hotels should come up with measures to identify and adopt knowledge acquisition practices in order to enhance customer satisfaction.
Page(s): 48-53 Date of Publication: 05 August 2022
The effect of cocoyam and water yam flour blends on the chemical and mineral composition of dry soup mix was studied using a two-factor simple lattice design of response surface methodology (RSM). The cocoyam and water yam flour mix ratios are 100:0, 0:100, 50:50, 75:25, and 25:75. Moisture, protein, ash, crude fiber, fat, carbohydrate, amylose, amylopectin, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were all taken into consideration during the optimization process. On crude fiber, fat content, carbohydrate, calcium, and phosphorus, the linear influence of cocoyam and water yam flour was significant (p<0.05). Moisture, protein, ash, crude fiber, fat, amylose, amylopectin, and magnesium all exhibited a significant (p<0.05) effect on the mix’s binary regression coefficient. The binary effect of the blend, on the other hand, decreased the moisture content and crude fiber significantly (p<0.05). On two component mix plots, the blends’ linear and binary impacts were graphically depicted. The resulting models were validated at a significance level of 0.05. Furthermore, a desirability of 0.493 was chosen for outcome optimization. The optimization criteria were met by the response variables. The optimal values were: 69.84 g cocoyam, 30.15 g water yam, 5.84% moisture, 11.04% protein, 3.69% ash, 2.18% crude fiber, 2.00% fat, 75.34% carbohydrate, 24.77% amylose, 84.24% amylopectin, 9.17% calcium, 4.71% magnesium, and 79.83% phosphorus. The optimized values were further analyzed to ascertain 95% confidence. According to the findings, cocoyam and water yam flour blends with appropriate chemical and mineral composition can be created and used successfully in the food processing industry
Page(s): 54-65 Date of Publication: 05 August 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9705The paper examined the model of the data flow diagram in developing Online Product Monitoring (OPMS) for the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). It is based on the waterfall model in which descriptive research was applied to the existing product monitoring of DTI. Data from existing monitoring of DTI were interpreted and created system data flow diagram (DFD). The data flow diagram is applied in the analysis of software development and examined the top-down method that takes processes the input and output of data flows. Thus, the method developed based on the data flow diagram created will enhance the security and order of the developed online system.
Page(s): 66-69 Date of Publication: 05 August 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9706Small and Medium-scale Enterprises (SMEs) are one of the driving forces for economic development by enhancing national production, creating income, employment, and mitigating poverty in any country. Social capital is defined as the total stock of relationships that an individual possesses. In the Sri Lankan context, much attention has not been paid to social capital. The objective of this study is to recognize the interrelation between the social capital concept and the performance of SMEs and how social capital impacts SMEs in Sri Lanka. The study was conceptualized using 03 variables; network ties, trust, and shared vision, and a dependent variable is the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to collect primary data for the present study. Survey data were collected from 384 SME owners through the simple random sampling technique. The trustworthy and shared vision has the highest impact on the performance of SMEs based on the findings of the regression analysis. The findings of the present study will enable scholars and practitioners to gain more insight and understanding of social capital concepts while providing novel insight and useful suggestions to owners of SMEs’.
Page(s): 70-76 Date of Publication: 08 August 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9707The design and fabrication of a digital solar-powered DC induction cooker come with numerous advantages, including high efficiency, almost two times the existing technologies. Its portable compared to the existing technology, its efficiency comes with low power consumption i.e. all power that is generated is transferred, at least 80 % of the power generated and above all it is aimed at designing a stand-alone DC induction cooker. It encompasses the use of a heating element powered by a DC source from energy trapped from the sun, with the aid of PV cells, battery, charge controller, and relays using AT MEGA 328P microcontroller for switching and control purposes. The design enables the selection of time for either warming or cooking. The heat for cooking and warming is produced by the Nichrome wire (element) according to the time set. The temperature at 100oc was obtained at 45 minutes. The system’s efficiency can be improved in the Nichrome wire (element) and a corresponding increase in the backup storage and the PV modules. The total energy generated from the solar system was 5760W at 24VDC with average sunshine hours in Bida as 8hours and the battery used is 2 pieces of a 12V-100AH which was connected in series to produce 24VDC. The design done for the induction cooker was rated at 400W. This means that the induction cooker can run for a minimum of 6 hours without any means of charging. It was observed the solar can sufficiently charge the battery two times in one day if it is been discharged
Page(s): 77-84 Date of Publication: 10 August 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9708Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) has been studied to be of great importance to humans, plants and environment as a whole. Hence it has been recognised as GRAS i.e., generally regarded as safe status. The optimum pH and temperature for the production and stability of recombinant CYP450 proteins was evaluated after expression using Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with the catalytic module of cytochrome P450 gene (CYP102A2) containing pET-28a and elution of the recombinant protein of interest (recombinant CYP450 proteins) from the expressed total recombinant proteins. Highest biomass yield of the recombinant organism expressing the POI was observed at 30 ºC followed by declination with further increase in temperature. Total protein yield of 1.5 M was observed at 25 ºC while after elution for the POI, highest estimated concentration was observed to be 2.4 mM concentration at optimum temperature of 30 ºC. The highest recombinant POI concentration 2.4 mM after elution was observed at optimum purification elution buffer concentration of 150 mM 30 ºC however the temperature that showed the highest purification of the eluted protein was 37 ºC at elution buffer concentration of 150 mM. The pH also showed broad influence on the enzymatic activity of the recombinant POI ranging from acidic to alkaline. The optimum pH of recombinant CYP450 activity was near neutrality where maximum activity was recorded. However, when pH was at both extremes, the biological activity was still visible. The biological activity increased significantly from pH 2 till neutral pH but decline at pH 9. Crystallization result reveals the presence of rod cluster crystals shape, in the well with 0.3 M, Na acetate salt 25% PEG and 2 K MME.
Page(s): 85-89 Date of Publication: 19 August 2022
As an effort to enhance knowledge, this seminar presentation provides a literature analysis on work-life balance and employee productivity in Nigeria. As a result of this secondary study, effective methods for addressing the problem of work-life imbalance in Nigeria are proposed in order to boost employee productivity for optimal organisational output, which is the primary goal of this study. We believe that workers who have a healthy work-life balance are more productive. As a result, organisations must encourage policies and procedures that help employees maintain a healthy work-life balance. Because of Nigeria’s history of political, economic, and social upheaval, it was concluded that efforts to promote work-life balance have run up against structural obstacles. Corrupt practises, shaky government structures that cannot keep an eye on and enforce labour laws, high unemployment, poverty, inflation, and a long list of other problems plague the business world today. It was thus recommendation that organisations provide flexible work arrangements enforced by government legislation that empowers employees to request a typical work pattern; that the awareness of organisations to the advantages of protecting workers’ rights to various leave initiatives that will improve employee well-being, be enhanced; and managerial training to ensure management support for the demands of these policies.
Page(s): 90-95 Date of Publication: 23 August 2022
The study determined the mediating effect of understanding mathematics classroom instruction on the relationship between teachers’ teaching styles and student adjustment among 400 second-year college students in the three components cities of Davao Del Norte, Philippines. A quantitative, non-experimental research design with correlational technique was applied. The data were analyzed using the Mean, Pearson-r, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Medgraph using the Sobel z-test. The results revealed that the levels of teaching styles of teachers and student adjustment were high and the level of understanding of mathematics classroom instruction is very high. There was a significant relationship between teaching styles of teachers and student adjustment, teaching styles of teachers and understanding mathematics classroom instruction, and understanding mathematics classroom instruction and student adjustment. Furthermore, the result of the medgraph using Sobel z-test of understanding mathematics classroom instruction on the relationship between teaching styles of teachers and student adjustment was significant but partial. Nevertheless, understanding mathematics classroom instruction aided teachers to adapt their teaching styles to help students adjust in a mathematics classroom
Page(s): 96-110 Date of Publication: 23 August 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9709The definition of Corporate Social Responsibility is still in debate, and still there is no clear definition of the concept of CSR. Different organizations, institutions, and universities through their Public Relations units have engaged in practicing Corporate Social Responsibilities in the neighboring communities as a way to promote their reputation and image. Different organizations engaging in CSR activities in while they lack mechanisms of collecting feedback to measure the perceptions of the recipients of CSR services. In this regard, the expressions of communities involved in CSR projects are not well documented to highlight the impact of CSR activities conducted. Many studies had been written on corporate social responsibility from business organization perspectives. Much has been discussed on the relationships between the act of CSR and the universities. Although universities have been in existence for centuries as the foundation of education and the development of human sustainability. Stakeholder theory describes that, the community stands as the indirect beneficiary of the organization’s corporate social responsibility practices. Failure of being responsible to this group can cause sabotage, riots. Moreover, suppliers can reject to corporate with the organization. Therefore, a researcher expects to bridge this knowledge gap to society and the University of Dodoma staff and management by giving out the perception of the University of Dodoma neighboring community on the contribution of the Corporate Social Responsibility practice of higher learning institutions by taking health services provided by the University of Dodoma as CSR. The study found that the issue of information to the community is poorly exercised and observed by the health officers. The University of Dodoma used to plan the CSR activities on their own without involving their neighboring communities on what they needed. Communities participate in CSR activities only at the stage of implementation. Also, the university never seeks feedback from the community they serve to know their opinion on the services delivered. This study concludes that improved CSR practice especially ethical and philanthropy CSR practice would improve community satisfaction and institutions will gain a positive perception of the CSR activities they conduct. Also improved CSR practice in legal, ethical, and philanthropically CSR practice would improve the community to stay, belief, and feel like they are part and parcel of the institution.
Page(s): 111-115 Date of Publication: 23 August 2022
Several adsorbents were prepared by acid-activating Kirfi Kaolin clay sample obtained from Kirfi village in Bauchi state, Nigeria using sulfuric acid. The raw clay and the prepared adsorbents were characterized for their physical properties (pH, moisture content, apparent bulk density, and adsorptive power) and their chemical compositions, and compared with the properties of a commercial bleaching clay (CBC). Bleaching study was used to determine the adsorptive power of the raw clay as an adsorbent, the adsorbents prepared from the raw clay and the CBC while chemical composition was done using AAS and XRF. The result of compositional analyses showed that the silica content of 50.07% to 74.32% and alumina content of 4.42% to 10.96 were the major components of the raw clay, CBC and the prepared absorbents. The adsorbents prepared with 1 M and 2 M H2SO4 had compositions and physical properties that are similar to that of the CBC, and also has an adsorption powers (81.35% and 94.05% respectively) that are comparable to that of CBC (96.25%).
Page(s): 116-120 Date of Publication: 23 August 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9710With the help of an Arduino Uno microcontroller, TCS3200 Color Sensor, SG90 Tower Pro Servo Motor, and other electronic components, a color sorting robot is built. The system can quickly sort the objects into the appropriate color stations based on their colors. This technology can address issues that arise in the food sector, such as the separation of rice, coffee, and other cereals. The accuracy of color sorting by an operator is very low in the current business due to the human eye’s limited response time. A servo motor is employed to replace the operator and boost color sorting accuracy in order to ensure an innovative system. This research presents a novel method for continuously identifying and classifying things into the intended location. The light intensity test findings indicated that the procedure has been performed thousands of times without system failure throughout the implemented test, which was carried out as a system overview of color sorting movement.
Page(s): 121-126 Date of Publication: 26 August 2022
The term cellulitis in general parlance refers to non-suppurative invasive infection (most commonly bacterial) of subcutaneous tissue. Spreading infection, poor localization in addition to cardinal signs of inflammation are the hallmark of cellulitis. Cellulitis can be complicated by spread of infection to the underlying deeper structures with progressive tissue destruction & ulceration with release of bacterial toxins. (1) Orbital cellulitis is an infection of the fat and ocular muscles of the orbit posterior to the orbital septum. It is classically distinguished clinically from pre-septal cellulitis by the presence of pain with eye movement and proptosis on physical examination (1, 2). What makes cellulitis in the preseptal, orbital & retro-orbital soft tissue regions different from generalized cellulitis are the transitional anatomical differences from preseptal (Eyelid skin) to adnexal/orbital to intracranial structures and the presence of well recognized anatomical/surgical sub-compartments. Preseptal cellulitis follows pattern similarities to generalized cellulitis characterized by eyelid edema, eyelid erythema, local rise of temperature and tenderness. Unlike pre-septal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis is considered a medical emergency. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent vision loss, brain abscesses, meningitis, and cavernous sinus thrombosis (3). Though the diagnosis of orbital cellulitis can be made clinically, imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and Orbital Ultrasonography are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis. (4) The present study was designed to provide sequential imaging to visualize the disease progression.
Page(s): 127-130 Date of Publication: 26 August 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.9711This study determined the extent to which teachers in a private institution in La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines have accomplished the essential components of an E-learning module, and identified the factors that influenced their level of accomplishment of these components. This study used mixed method explanatory sequential design. Total enumeration was used to determine the population of respondents who were full-time tertiary teachers. Out of the thirty-six full-time teachers, twenty-eight teachers responded and answered the self-assessment survey questionnaire for the quantitative phase, while seven of them who were selected using purposive sampling were interviewed for the qualitative part. Descriptive statistics using weighted mean was used to analyze quantitative data while descriptive approach using thematic analysis for the qualitative data. Quantitative descriptive analysis revealed that the teachers’ overall accomplishment level of the criteria for a quality E-learning module is partial/moderate (2.68 overall weighted mean/WM). Specifically, the teachers partially accomplished the following components of the E-learning module: instructional design (2.84 WM); communication, interaction, and collaboration (2.85 WM); student evaluation and assessment (2.89 WM); instructional materials and technologies (2.75 WM); and accessibility (2.66 WM) while slightly accomplished the components: learner support and resources (2.21 WM), and course evaluation (2.24 WM). For the qualitative descriptive inquiry, absence of capacity-building training in making E-learning module; lack of awareness of the school services, learner support, and resources sites; lack of time; lack of systemic approach to developing an online module; non-consistency of instructions; and amotivation and lack of enthusiasm emerged as factors that influence the teachers’ level of accomplishment of the parts of an E-learning module. The results show that the E-learning modules have fallen short of strict quality standards attributable to certain dire circumstances. This study thus recommends that the institution may adopt or develop its online module criteria to guide the teachers as well as the institution in writing or designing their online modules, and may conduct training in E-module design for teachers.
Page(s): 131-143 Date of Publication: 26 August 2022
The study focused on assessment on the use of ICT in teaching students with learning disabilities and difficulties. The study is a descriptive survey research design, using a population of 62 teachers in special need schools in Asaba metropolis. There was no sampling for the study since the entire population was studied. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire made up of 15 items. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Spearman rank order correlation co-efficient and a coefficient of 0.87 was obtained which suggested a high reliability. Three research questions were raised for the study while one null hypothesis was formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected were analyzed using mean statistics and standard deviation for the research questions and t-test used to test the null hypothesis. The findings of the study revealed that lack of teachers ICT compliance; inadequate provision of ICT tools and environmental challenges has significance effects in teaching students with learning disabilities and difficulties. It was recommended that specialized schools should invest more on the purchase of ICT tools necessary for handling students various learning difficulties; teachers in special need schools should receive in-service training at least once a year to be able to improve their competence in handling new ICT tools and State government should assist the schools’ head in providing regular power supply and internet facilities to the schools as most of these ICT tools required power supply and internet access
Page(s): 144-148 Date of Publication: 26 August 2022
