In this paper, we will discuss the classifications of the solar still and the influences on its operation. And the effect of some additions on the productivity of the solar still,.we will make several comparisons on the traditional Solar Still device with the addition of some accessories that affect the performance of the device (fins and magnets), provided that the work of the device remains passive by studying some experimental and theoretical research published in this field to know the effect of these additions, types, preparation and Their sizes and the way they are arranged inside the device basin so that we can have a clear view of a good starting point in the upcoming work to develop the work of the device and reach better productivity.
Page(s): 01-08 Date of Publication: 27 October 2022
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In this study, juvenile tropical freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to different lethal concentrations (2.5 ml/L, 5.0ml/L, 10.0ml/L, 15.0ml/L, 20.0ml/L and 25.0ml/L respectively) of aqueous methanol and (0ml/L) which is a tank without the toxicant to serve as the control. The experiment was conducted using a static nonrenewable bioassay method. The fish were obtained from the African Regional Aquaculture Centre (ARAC), Aluu, Rivers State, Nigeria. The fishes were acclimated to an aquarium for 14 days. In order to determine the definitive test concentration, a range-finding test was conducted. The mortality, LC50s value, and the 95 per cent confidence intervals for test organisms were derived using standard procedures at 24hr, 48hr, 72hr, and 96hr respectively. There was a statistically (P<0.05) increase in the mortality rates as the concentration of the test chemical increased. The LC50 values at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours recorded were 30.064ml/L, 26.562ml/L, 11.534ml/L, and 6.347ml/L respectively for the Chemical. The LC50 values showed that the chemical is toxic to this tropical freshwater fish. Hence, it is recommended that there should be a regulatory measure in the discharge of this chemical into the aquatic environment, to avert potential toxic effects that may result in the death of non-targeted aquatic organisms which is an edible meal for humans which in turn may affect human health.
Page(s): 09-14 Date of Publication: 02 November 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.91001Download PDF
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity (KCl) on rheological properties and rate of penetration of treated bentonite mud and Ca2+ based polymer mud. A laboratory prepared treated bentonite and Ca2+ based polymer mud acquired from the field were used. The salinity of the mud was increased from 0 – 15% by adding KCl, and the fluid loss properties were tested both at LP/LT for both mud and at HP/HT dynamic conditions for the Ca2+ based polymer mud. It was observed that there was a general increase in the mud weight and gel-strength when concentration of KCl was increased. Plastic viscosity, yield point and apparent viscosity of Ca2+ polymer mud reduced as the salinity was increased. For the treated bentonite mud there was a reduction of plastic viscosity, yield point and apparent viscosity from 0 -2% and an increase from 5% – 10%. Also, the fluid loss to the formation increased and the quality of the filter cake formed reduced as the salinity was increased for all conditions tested. Results showed an increase in ROP as the plastic viscosity reduces and vice versa.
Page(s): 15-21 Date of Publication: 02 November 2022
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This paper presents a method to determine optimal placements and sizes for capacitor banks using constrains about bus voltage and cost function based on the OCP tool. The constrains are considered in three cases, including the limitation of rated compensation value, no compensated limitation of rated value and assigned some buses to compensate. This new approach can help dispatchers evaluate all information about the grid and give suggestions about the compensated process when compared to other cases. Above proposes were applied into a 35 kV grid and simulated on the ETAP software. Simulation results showed optimal placements and rated sizes for capacitor banks very detailed. After implementing capacitors, voltage values at all buses were in allowable range and cost function was minimum. Simulation results provided were also provided some additional information such as power losses in whole grid, installation and operation cost, loss reduction saving, yearly profit, accumulative profit in whole planning period to have total evaluation about the compensation problem.
Page(s): 22-27 Date of Publication: 02 November 2022
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A completely randomized design was carried out to evaluate the effects of five different fat sources (cattle bone marrow, camel bone marrow, cattle fat, camel fat and fish oil at the rate of 3%) on performance, carcass yield and blood metabolites content in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty one-day-old of unsexed (Ross 308) were randomly divided into 6 different treatments of 40 birds and each group was divided in to 4 replicates of 10 birds: (T1) basal diet containing no supplemented fat (control group), (T2) basal diet containing 3%beef fat supplementation, (T3) basal diet containing 3% camel fat supplementation, (T4) basal diet containing 3% beef bone marrow supplementation, (T5) basal diet containing 3% camel bone marrow supplementation, and (T6) basal diet containing 3% fish oil supplementation. The treatment diets were applied to the chicken from day 2 till 49 days. The following parameters were measured : live body weight (LBW) ,body weight gain(BWG) ,feed intake(FI) , feed conversion ratio (FCR) , water consumption (WC) ,relative water consumption, (RWC) ,protein efficiency ratio (PER), energy efficiency utilization(EEU) , lysine efficiency ratio(LER) ,production efficiency factor (PEF),and carcass characteristics .Moreover, blood samples were analyzed for cholesterol HDL , LDL , urea , uric acid , total protein , albumin , triglycerides and glucose. Results showed significant difference at (p<0.01) in both weeks five and week 6 for FI, BW, WC, and PN. Week five showed significant difference (p<0.01) for EER, LER, however PEF didn’t show significance difference in week 6. Weight gain and carcass dressing % showed significant difference (p<0.01) in week 5 and (p<0.05) in week 6. Both week 5 and 6 did not show significant difference (p<0.05) for both FCR and RWC. Blood analysis did not show significant difference in all parameters analyses except for urea. These data indicated that fat supplementation could improve production performance of broiler chickens in the finishing period.
Page(s): 28-33 Date of Publication: 02 November 2022
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This study examines the effects of work schedule design, on the level of stress and strainamong academic staffs in Lagos State University. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study population is five hundred and fifty-seven (557) academic staff of Lagos State University, Ojo campus. While a sample size of two hundred and thirty-four (234) was drawn from the population. The study adopted a stratified and purposive sampling techniques in selecting the sample from the population. The study found that, there was a moderate positive relationship between work schedule design, and level of stress and strain with R =0.583 based on the academic environment tested. The study concluded that, the use of such indicators as work schedule, and the level of stress and strain, especially within academic work environments give a new insight to how these factors can also improve the success of an organisation effectively and employee performance. The study, therefore, recommended that management in an academic system would need to develop a policy that would enhance the improvement of work schedule to reduce the level of stress and strain in a knowledge- based environment.
Page(s): 34-38 Date of Publication: 17 November 2022
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While educators emphasize that the conceptual understanding of ecology is important, researchers have noted that the learning of ecology related concepts is relatively difficult. As part of the contribution to arrest the situation, this study was designed to determine the effects of Argumentation Based Science learning (ABSL) on student conceptual understanding of Ecology. The study used a quasi-experimental non- equivalent control group’s pre-test and post-test design. The study was carried out in two randomly selected co-educational secondary schools in Uvwie local government area of Delta State. The sample for the study consisted of 94 (SSI) students from two randomly selected intact classes in the sampled schools. Data for the study were collected with a Two-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic instrument. The instrument was subjected to face and content validity. The two intact classes of 44 and 50 students each were assigned to experimental group and control group respectively. Research questions were answered using mean and percentage. Hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics t-test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study revealed that Argumentation Based Science learning enhanced student’s conceptual understanding of Ecology more than the traditional method of teaching. Recommendation and suggestion for further study were made based on the findings of the study.
Page(s): 39-46 Date of Publication: 20 November 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.91003Download PDF
Language is a means of communication. A conversation usually requires cooperation between the speaker and the hearer to achieve the desired goal. Through language, humans can interact with each other. Language turns out to have an important role in literary communication, one of which is novel. Novel is one of the literary works, and language is an important part of the creation of the work, so novel can be used as a medium for language learning in schools. The type of this research is qualitative. The data were a conversation about the principle of cooperation in the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata. Sources of data were obtained from relevant reference books to support and strengthen the data by looking for conversations that contain the Grice cooperation principle in the dialogue of the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andre Hirata. The data were analyzed by using a qualitative description technique. The result shows that there are 27 principles of cooperation between students and teachers. Of the 27 principles, which adhere to the principle of cooperation, there are only 7 principles of cooperation, namely the principle of the maxim of quantity cooperation, the rest are violations of the principle of cooperation.
Page(s): 47-53 Date of Publication: 22 November 2022
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This study investigated the histological changes in the hippocampus of the brain in rats exposed to radiation using a plain x-ray. A total of 20 rats were used for the experiment. The rats were divided into four (4) groups (n=5). Group A is the control group while groups B – D were exposed to radiation (255kv) for a specific duration. Water Morris maze was used to assess the neurobehavioral changes in memory and learning. Histological procedures were carried out to see the changes in the histology of the hippocampus. Results show that there was a significant difference in the time taken for the rats to reach the cemented block between the four groups (F (3, 8) = 6.926, p<0.013). Post-hoc analysis using the Bonferroni methods further revealed that the time taken to reach the cemented block for rats in Group D (42.67±10.50 secs) was significantly different from rats in Group A (7.67±2.52 secs). This is also an indication of loss of memory. Histologically it was observed that there was degeneration of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of the brain. Degenerating neurons were also observed. X-radiation has been shown to affect memory n this experiment.
Page(s): 54-58 Date of Publication: 24 November 2022
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This study investigated the moderating climax of sustainable development goals between the correlates of lean entrepreneurship and green entrepreneurship. The study adopted correlation design, cross-sectional cohort design and ex-post facto design. The study used non-proportionate stratified random sampling technique, purposive sampling technique and multi-stage cluster random sampling technique. Cohort of entrepreneurs was selected for the authenticity of the study. A total population of 320 and sample size of 175 was determined using Krejcie and Morgan Table at 0.05 level of significance. 175 copies of questionnaire were administered, only 162 were deem fit after processing, retriever, coding and cleansing of data. The instruments were validated with experts of entrepreneurship, also using various approach to authenticate the reliability, the outcome was Spearman-Brown equal length is 0.964 (96.40%) and Guttman Split-Half Coefficient is 95.10 (0.951). Three research questions and three hypotheses were raised which was tested with OLSM, logistic regression analysis and KMO/Barllet’s test for the sampling adequacy on data appropriateness and sphericity respectively via SPSS 25 version. From the findings, lean entrepreneurship positively correlates the green innovation and green product. In conclusion, the apriori expectations were found to be positive outcomes because of the correlations among the moderating variable, explanatory variable and response variables. Hence, the regression model revealed that the alternate hypotheses were accepted, unlike the null hypotheses. Based on the findings and conclusion, this study contributes to the knowledge that lean thinking is perceived as python to product innovation and green product; more so, the 3Ps people profit and planet are simultaneous with sustainability, survival and success. It could be recommended that lean entrepreneurs should develop and design an analytical framework to synchronized lean thinking principles with green product and innovation. Entrepreneurs should always facilitate continuous improvement on devising green innovation towards the sustainability, survival and success. Additionally, lean entrepreneurship and green entrepreneurship aims should focus on customer care, safety and satisfaction.
Page(s): 59-71 Date of Publication: 25 November 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.91002Download PDF
Pica is a phenomenon that is common among childbearing women and children. This study however, investigated the knowledge, awareness and practice among childbearing women in Kwara State, Nigeria. This study was designed as a descriptive survey with the questionnaire as instrument for data collection. Anchored on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) model, it studied 400 childbearing women in Kwara State. The findings indicate that 55% of the women had knowledge of pica while 48.50% had experienced pica practice. The major period of pica practice was during pregnancy (59.5%). The study recommends sensitization of women to the pica practice and the need to take steps to minimize the rate because of the dangers it poses to a pregnant woman and her unborn child
Page(s): 72-79 Date of Publication: 25 November 2022
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Orbital ultrasound also has a wide range of clinical indications. For example, following examination of a patient with ocular discomfort or pain, clinicians can use ultrasonography to help confirm a diagnosis of scleritis, orbital myositis, or dacryoadenitis. Clinicians can use ultrasonography to evaluate retrobulbar tissue, including the extraocular muscles, in a patient with exophthalmos and suspected soft tissue expansion secondary to Graves’ disease. Although imaging can help narrow the range of diagnoses to consider, images are only useful in that they reveal patterns and locations of tissue involvement which may statistically be more common in certain disease entities.
Page(s): 80-85 Date of Publication: 25 November 2022
DOI : 10.51244/IJRSI.2022.91004Download PDF
Introduction: Soya bean is a legume that has been extensively used as an important source of dietary proteins, dietary fiber and oil throughout the world. It has also been identified to possess phytoestrogen components like isoflavones, coumestans and ligans, though rich in isoflavones. This has been shown to posse weak estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities at various concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soya bean aqueous extract on the ovary and female reproductive hormones using adult female albino Wistar rats. Methodology: Fifteen adult female rats were assigned into three different groups of 5rats each. Group 1 was the negative control. Both groups 2 and 3 were the treatment groups. They were treated with 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of soya bean aqueous extract respectively. The treatment of the animals lasted for 4weeks and the feeding was done orally. Blood samples were collected and assayed for FSH, LH and estrogen hormones. The ovaries were also processed for histological studies. Result: Increases in the hormonal levels were observed in both group 2 and 3, when compared with group 1. There was significant increase in LH in group 3 and estrogen in groups 2 and 3 when compared to group 1. Histological examination of the ovary showed a progressive enhancement in the ovarian follicles population and maturation in the treated groups. Conclusion: The research showed that soya beans had obvious positive effects on the ovary and female reproductive hormones. A further study in human is recommended especially in the aspect of the management of menopause.
Page(s): 59-62 Date of Publication: 12 January 2023
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The study examined the relationship between Organisational Ergonomics (OE) and academic staff performance at Lagos State University. The study is a shift from the conventional examination of organizational ergonomics as a direct variable within the production/manufacturing or construction system that has been the focus of past researchers to the use of indicators of OE within an academic environment. The study population is five hundred and fifty-seven (557) academic staff of Lagos State University, Ojo campus. While a sample size of two hundred and thirty-four (234) was drawn from the population. The reliability of the research instrument was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient (with 0.884 reliability statistics) while the validity was assessed using content and face validities. The study found that; in the two hypotheses tested there were moderate positive relationships between the two indicators of OE (teamwork and participatory design) and the indicators of performance (level of innovativeness and flow of work with R = 0.540 and 0.535 respectively) based on the academic environment tested. This implies that there is a relationship between organisational ergonomics and the performance of the academic staff of LASU. The study concluded that; the use of such indicators as teamwork, participatory design, and level of innovativeness, the flow of work to study the relationship, especially within academic work environments give a new insight into how these factors can also improve the success of an organisation effectively and employee performance. The study recommends among others that; management in an academic system would need to develop a policy that enhances participatory design in workplace to improve the teamwork of the system, and invariably the level of innovativeness in a knowledge-based environment.
Page(s): 63-68 Date of Publication: 12 January 2023
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